Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Thermal stress and availability of potential mates drive decisions related to thermoregulatory burrow retreat and emergence in fiddler crabs","authors":"M. Zachary Darnell,&nbsp;Asa M. Darnell","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Behavioral tradeoffs are common, as many behaviors are incompatible. In ectotherms, these tradeoffs often result from incompatibility between thermoregulatory behaviors and other critical behaviors. These trade-offs are resolved by choice, with decisions expected to be based on the costs and benefits of each behavior to optimize fitness outcomes. We examined the social and abiotic factors driving resolution of the trade-off between thermoregulatory behavior and courtship behavior in the fiddler crab <em>Austruca mjoebergi</em>. Male fiddler crabs perform a courtship display on the high intertidal sediment surface, where they face extreme thermal stress; retreat into the burrow is an effective thermoregulatory strategy but requires a cessation of courtship behavior. Surface duration decreased as environmental temperatures increased, indicating that time available for courtship is limited by high temperature. Yet when exposed to a stimulus female, males remained on the surface longer, spent less time in the burrow following a thermoregulatory retreat to the burrow, and spent an overall greater proportion of time on the sediment surface. Results demonstrate that behavioral decisions related to both burrow retreat and subsequent emergence are influenced by the abiotic and social context that determine the relative costs and benefits of the behavioral choices available to the individual.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 152076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seafoam avoidance is driven by both chemosensory and contact cues and points towards the presence of soft-surface thigmotaxis in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea","authors":"Solène Cazalis-Henry ,&nbsp;Nicolas Spilmont ,&nbsp;Elsa Breton ,&nbsp;Florence Elias ,&nbsp;Laurent Seuront","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seafoam accumulation in coastal waters has long been acknowledged as ecologically, socially and economically relevant. However, its putative effects on the intertidal biota have been alarmingly under-researched despite the ubiquitous nature of onshore foam formation. This study examines the behavioural responses of the common periwinkle, <em>Littorina littorea</em>, exposed to two types of seafoam: a fresh seafoam (freshly formed) and an aged seafoam (collected after three hours of exposure in the field), using experimental assays carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. <em>L. littorea</em> consistently avoid seafoam, and exhibit a stronger aversion for fresh seafoam. They avoid crossing both seafoam, suggesting that contact cues play a crucial role in this avoidance behaviour. In this context, we introduce the concept of soft-surface thigmotaxis, by which <em>L. littorea</em> is able to follow soft physical discontinuities. Snails exhibited more tortuous movements and reduced speed before actually getting into physical contact with the fresh seafoam, suggesting that chemosensory influence foam avoidance, probably due to repellent volatile compounds requiring further identification. Observations suggest that snails show differential responses potentially influenced by variations in foam properties, such as phytoplankton content and the physical properties of the seafoam. Seafoam avoidance by <em>L. littorea</em> could have wider ecological implications by disrupting the snails' ability to find refuges, increasing their vulnerability to other environmental stresses. Investigating surfactants and pollutants in seafoam is crucial due to their toxicity to aquatic life. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary research to fully understand and mitigate seafoam's effects on intertidal organism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 152085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"eDNA metabarcoding detection of nearshore juvenile white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) and prey fish communities","authors":"Zachariah S. Merson ,&nbsp;Elizabeth E. Jahn ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Barnes ,&nbsp;Emily A. Spurgeon ,&nbsp;Patrick T. Rex ,&nbsp;Jack T. Elstner ,&nbsp;Yamilla N. Samara Chacon ,&nbsp;James M. Anderson ,&nbsp;Whitney D. Jones ,&nbsp;Christopher G. Lowe","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional methods for assessing fish communities often face biased catchabilities, resulting in inconsistent detection of certain species. Pelagic elasmobranchs, such as white sharks (<em>Carcharodon carcharias</em>) are challenging to detect and quantify due to their low density, large size, and high mobility. Metabarcoding, an emerging approach, identifies species through genetic sequencing of environmental DNA (eDNA) samples, but requires further calibration due to its novelty. We assessed the efficacy of eDNA approaches to detect white sharks and associated fish prey communities. Juvenile white sharks (JWS) in the Southern California Bight form dense aggregations, offering a unique setting to compare methods. We collected eDNA from 491 seawater samples at three current and two former aggregation sites. Metabarcoding and white shark-specific qPCR were compared to aerial drone surveys and passive acoustic telemetry for JWS, and to beach seines and baited remote underwater videos for the broader fish community. Overall, metabarcoding captured the greatest species richness of the community methods. We found that metabarcoding detection probability of fish caught by beach seine was predicted by abundance, but not biomass; notably high-biomass catches were primarily elasmobranchs. Quantitative PCR was twice as effective as metabarcoding in detecting JWS presence, and raw acoustic detections best predicted metabarcoding results. Potential differences in eDNA shedding rate between teleosts and elasmobranchs may explain why JWS were less effectively detected by eDNA approaches, and why only seine count influenced detection probability. Species-specific primers may better capture low-density elasmobranchs. Despite limitations, metabarcoding represents an effective complementary tool to biomonitoring due to the additional diversity captured.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 152084"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of spatial context on prey manipulation behaviors in the California moray eel (Gymnothorax mordax)","authors":"Maya M. McElfish ,&nbsp;Liliana R. Pruett ,&nbsp;Rita S. Mehta","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predation strategies are shaped by multiple factors, such as prey type, prey density, and/or abiotic conditions. However, limited research has investigated the role of spatial constraints on post-capture behaviors. Our aim was to assess the impact of spatial context on prey manipulation in the California moray eel (<em>Gymnothorax mordax</em>), a crevice forager with a diverse prey handling repertoire. We first compared the duration engaged in specific manipulation behaviors between spatially “enclosed” and “open” foraging environments, followed by a comparison of tightly enclosed spaces that were scaled to individual moray diameter. We observed that the durations spent engaged in specific manipulation behaviors varied based on spatial context. Despite these changes, total feeding time, which consists of both manipulating and swallowing prey, did not vary across treatments. These results highlight the behavioral flexibility of morays, suggesting that they can adjust prey manipulation strategies for specific spatial contexts without compromising overall feeding duration. We additionally documented two previously undescribed behaviors (tail and body anchoring) which seem to be used in the narrowest treatments for leverage when knotting behavior was not possible due to spatial constraints. This research provides valuable insight into the foraging ecology of this locally abundant apex predator and aids in furthering our understanding of predator-prey interactions in the benthic community within the kelp forest ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microphytobenthic responses to endobenthic bioturbator density, temperature and eutrophication in a global change mesocosm experiment","authors":"C.M. Thomas ,&nbsp;G.A.V. Maniel ,&nbsp;K. Gilmour ,&nbsp;A.E. Oyatoye ,&nbsp;H.G. Marco ,&nbsp;D. Pillay","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microphytobenthos (MPB) is a key determinant of ecological processes occurring in coastal sediments, where it functions as a trophic resource, sediment stabiliser and mediator of nutrient cycling and bentho-pelagic coupling. Endobenthic bioturbators are also important components of coastal sediments, wherein they influence ecosystem functioning principally through high sediment and pore-water manipulation rates. However, understanding of how endobenthic engineer activities influence MPB components, especially in the context of global change processes, is limited. We made use of a factorial mesocosm experiment and an in situ optical tool (BenthoTorch) to quantify responses of cyanobacteria, green-algae, diatoms and total MPB biomass to (1) eutrophic vs mesotrophic and (2) high vs low temperature conditions at increasing densities of sandprawns (<em>Kraussillichirus kraussi</em>). These crustaceans are highly influential endobenthic engineers in southern Africa, being widely distributed in estuaries, lagoons and embayments. Findings from our experiment indicated that total MPB biomass and that of cyanobacteria and diatoms (the dominant constituents of MPB assemblages in mesocosms) decreased from controls to maximum sandprawn-density treatments, but predominantly under low temperature. Sediment boundary roughness increased with sandprawn density, suggesting that sandprawn effects on MPB biomass and that of cyanobacteria and diatoms under low temperature was likely sediment mediated, with deposition of residual burrow sediment to the sediment-water interface reducing microalgal productivity. All MPB metrics declined with high temperature, suggesting a physiological intolerance of the MPB assemblages to upper thermal conditions in our experiment or nutrient limitation due to temperature-induced increases in metabolism. Our findings highlight the potential for rising temperature to reduce MPB biomass, as has been reported for open ocean and lake phytoplankton assemblages. Our results also highlight the functional significance of sandprawns in structuring MPB assemblages in coastal ecosystems, but their sediment-mediated limitation of benthic cyanobacterial biomass may confer a degree of resilience to coastal benthic ecosystems against harmful cyanobacterial blooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light exposure induces phenotypic plasticity of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea sp. and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates","authors":"Rebecca Salas ,&nbsp;Colin J. Anthony ,&nbsp;Bastian Bentlage","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upside-down jellyfish, <em>Cassiopea,</em> is an increasingly popular model organism gaining prominence for both its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates from the family Symbiodiniaceae and its behavioral changes of bell pulsations associated with environmental cues. Pulsation provides a unique window into the host's response to environmental conditions, a typically difficult to access component of other symbiotic cnidarians. Pulsation has also been hypothesized to play a regulatory role on the endosymbiotic assemblage, but the magnitude of this regulatory effect is not well understood. Here, we used two light-acclimation experiments to help disentangle the complex phenotypic responses of the cnidarian host and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. The first experiment examined the phenotypic plasticity (size, behavior, color) of <em>Cassiopea</em> sp. in response to repeated ambient light acclimation trials to determine the rate and magnitude of phenotypic plasticity. The second experiment compared the acclimation response of jellyfish across three experimental groups to test whether a short acclimation time destabilized the host-endosymbiont relationship. Our goal was to identify covarying host-endosymbiont phenotypes to gain new insights into the dynamics of this relationship. We employed flow cytometric phenotypic profiling for high-throughput phenotypic characterization of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in addition to pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry to characterize photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm). Host phenotypes responded predictably to light-dark cycles and stabilized after nine to twelve days of exposure to consistent light conditions. However, disruption of this acclimation period affected the holobiont's phenotypic profile. We also found evidence that phenotypic responses of the host and endosymbionts were generally decoupled, indicating a stronger regulatory response of light conditions on phenotypes than possible host-regulatory strategies on the endosymbiotic assemblage. This study provides unique insights into the acclimation strategies of upside-down jellyfish, an emerging model for the study of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of experimental manipulations of the density of a key grazer Cymbula granatina on rocky-shore community composition in the Benguela ecosystem, South Africa","authors":"Ndiviwe G. Baliwe ,&nbsp;Maya C. Pfaff ,&nbsp;George M. Branch","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Densities of a commonly-harvested intertidal limpet <em>Cymbula granatina</em> were manipulated at two sites within a no-take marine protected area on the west coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa, using four treatment levels ranging from zero to maximum natural densities, together with control plots, to evaluate the effects of different harvesting intensities on rocky-shore community composition. Following removal or thinning of <em>C. granatina</em>, community composition changed: cover of corticated and ephemeral algae increased and that of encrusting corallines decreased. As limpet density fell, abundance of the brown encrusting alga <em>Pseudoralfsia verrucosa</em> increased on rock but decreased on shells. These outcomes were, however, dependent on the time frames considered, as macroalgae underwent annual cycles, and the effects of limpet removal were evident predominantly during the summer upwelling season when macroalgae proliferated. There are important management implications arising from these finding, notably that any reductions of this limpet to levels below 50 % of natural densities will profoundly alter community composition, particularly increasing macroalgae while decreasing encrusting corallines, with likely secondary effects on succession and recruitment of other species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling growth of multiple recruitment cohorts of Dungeness crab co-occurring within the central Salish Sea","authors":"Claire E. Cook ,&nbsp;Sarah K. Grossman,&nbsp;Julie S. Barber","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carapace dimensions of Dungeness crab (<em>Metacarcinus magister</em>) at a given molt stage vary greatly throughout their range. Although growth models have been developed for various coastal Dungeness crab populations, the patterns of growth for juvenile Dungeness crab in the central Salish Sea remain largely unknown. Larval Dungeness crab within this area are believed to be sourced from at least two different cohorts, distinguished by timing of arrival to the region and differences in carapace dimensions. The co-occurrence of multiple cohorts complicates efforts to understand the population dynamics of this critically important species. Thus, in 2019 we began rearing larvae from two phenotypically-distinct cohorts under common conditions in the laboratory to evaluate differences in carapace dimension, intermolt period, and molt increment. Mixed-effect model analyses of growth metrics collected at the individual level revealed that cohort-of-origin had a significant effect on growth at all levels, despite the presence of individual varying growth effects. Overall, late cohort individuals were found to molt more frequently albeit at smaller increments. These individuals are projected to grow slower initially, yet they may have the ability to effectively catch up in size through additional molt events. Through this experiment, we demonstrated that cohort-specific growth schedules were maintained regardless of the influence of temperature and food availability. Our results suggest that timing of settlement and size at settlement could have an outsized effect on overall growth, potentially resulting in variable time to reach significant milestones, such as sexual maturity or harvest size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning the tide: Rhythmic aggregation behaviour in Anurida maritima (Collembola) is entrained by inundation","authors":"Martijn J.T.N. Timmermans ,&nbsp;Madeleine King ,&nbsp;Diane Purchase ,&nbsp;Benjamin J.A. Dickins ,&nbsp;Thomas E. Dickins ,&nbsp;Stephen Kett","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous foreshore species evolved the ability to predict tidal change and adjust behaviour and metabolism accordingly. The intertidal collembolan <em>Anurida maritima</em> (Guérin-Méneville, 1836) shows endogenously controlled rhythmic changes in behaviour that anticipate the tides. Animals forage during low tide and hide in large aggregations in the substrate during high tide. Here, artificial tidal environments and time-lapse photography were used to investigate if this behaviour is responsive to key environmental cues. It is shown that the precise rhythmicity of aggregation behaviour is dependent on periodic inundations. In the absence of such inundations, rhythmic aggregation patterns dissipate and are no longer accurate after 14 days. Slowly shifting the artificial tides, showed that rhythmic aggregation behaviour in <em>A. maritima</em> is responsive and adjusts to a newly-imposed tidal regimen. This suggests that the species has the ability to synchronise to newly encountered tidal conditions under natural conditions. The findings provide a robust foundation for advancing detailed chronobiological research on <em>A. maritima</em> as a model organism to gain a deeper understanding of biological time-keeping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of season, size, and sex on tolerance of a simulated cold snap in latitudinally separated populations of the poleward-invading green porcelain crab (Petrolisthes armatus)","authors":"Kevin J. Mack ,&nbsp;Dara H. Wilber ,&nbsp;Amy E. Fowler ,&nbsp;Robert D. Podolsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poleward range expansion in the green porcelain crab <em>Petrolisthes armatus</em> is thought to be associated with rising coastal water temperatures along the southern Atlantic Bight. Periods of anomalous cold temperature (“cold snaps”), however, could delay or limit further expansion, especially if northern populations are unable to adjust cold tolerance through adaptation or acclimation. We tested cold tolerance in crabs from four latitudes, from Savannah, GA to North Inlet, SC, along the species' poleward invasion front. Laboratory incubation trials were conducted in multiple seasons using adult, non-ovigerous <em>P. armatus</em> to compare cold temperature thresholds between populations, sexes, and sizes. These trials recorded temperature thresholds for induction of both sublethal (loss of righting response) and lethal effects. Following acclimation, crabs were exposed to a rapid (1 °C d⁻¹) temperature drop, modeled after water temperatures recorded during a severe winter cold snap in Charleston Harbor, SC. Crabs generally experienced mobility loss below 8 °C and mortality below 4 °C. In trials at the end of fall, crabs from the two more northern populations survived significantly longer, consistent with latitudinal differences in temperature as crabs prepared physiologically for winter. At the end of summer, crabs from the northernmost population showed greater cold resilience in both lethal and sublethal measures. At the end of spring, when animals are reproductive, there were mixed results with regard to a latitudinal pattern. When differences between sexes and sizes were significant, females were less susceptible than males and, in all but one case, smaller individuals were less susceptible than larger. In general, crabs at the start of winter maintained mobility and survived longer in the cold snap than they did when tested in the other two seasons. Although cold snaps may reduce population sizes of <em>P. armatus</em>, increased cold tolerance of more poleward populations could help to facilitate range expansion, especially if increasingly mild winter conditions move their thermal barrier toward higher latitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}