Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the effects of aluminum exposure on the cell wall of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum","authors":"Jie Ma ,&nbsp;Huinan Wu ,&nbsp;Yingqi Lao ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Liangliang Huang ,&nbsp;Ke Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine diatoms exhibit varying responses to aluminum (Al) in seawater, influenced by their cell wall composition and structure, yet the mechanisms driving this relationship remain poorly understood. Herein, this study aimed to elucidate how Al interacts with the cell wall of the model diatom <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em> and impacts its physiological and ecological behaviors. To achieve this, novel multidisciplinary approaches that combine X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, non-invasive micro-test technology, and atomic force microscopy were employed. The results showed that the presence of 100 nM Al in the cultural medium did not have a significant impact on the cell growth of <em>P. tricornutum</em>. However, with an increase in Al concentration to 2 μM, there was a notable decrease in cell growth. Al exposure altered cell wall functional groups, siliceous components, and nitrogen adsorption potential, alongside inducing nanoscale morphological changes, including increased surface roughness and modulus. These structural modifications correlated with reduced copepod grazing and accelerated sinking rates, suggesting that Al-cell wall interactions critically modulate diatom ecological dynamics. This work provides integrated evidence linking Al-induced cell wall remodeling to broader ecological consequences in marine diatoms, advancing understanding of trace metal impacts on phytoplankton ecology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 152117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population differentiation of thermal physiology in the temperate coral Astrangia poculata","authors":"Deva K. Holliman ,&nbsp;Barry A. Logan ,&nbsp;Jaret S. Reblin ,&nbsp;Justin H. Baumann","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the evolutionary and physiological mechanisms that drive thermal tolerance is crucial to supporting coral conservation and restoration. In the face of climate change, organisms can cope with variable environmental landscapes through adaptive genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we utilized a factorial common garden experiment to assess stress tolerance and thermal plasticity of symbiotic colonies of the temperate coral, <em>Astrangia poculata</em>. We collected coral colonies from sites in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and North Carolina, representing a 7.5° latitudinal range and a 10 °C range in mean summer seawater temperatures. We measured how acclimation of the corals to temperatures representative of summer means at their origin site versus other latitudes impacted basal rates of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, as well as stress indicators including endosymbiont density, chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m), and chlorophyll <em>a</em> content. We found evidence of heat stress at 32 °C in photosynthetic endosymbionts from all populations, especially those from North Carolina. Metabolic performance of the coral holobiont appears optimized for native conditions (28 °C) in NC populations but appears to be plastic in RI corals, as incubation in warmer than native conditions (28 °C) led to elevated respiration in RI corals. Metabolic performance does not differ between acclimation treatments in MA populations, suggesting both population-specific responses and differential plasticity of metabolic responses to temperature changes. Overall, we see some minimal support for locally adapted thermal maxima in these populations and some evidence of thermal plasticity. Continued work to understand the ecological repercussions of a high capacity for phenotypic plasticity will be important to understanding the long-term tolerance of this species to elevated temperatures predicted with climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 152114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dive wiggles as a proxy of prey consumption in krill-feeding penguins","authors":"W. Chris Oosthuizen ,&nbsp;Stefan Schoombie ,&nbsp;Marianna Chimienti ,&nbsp;Pierre A. Pistorius ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Lowther","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dive profiles of pursuit-diving marine predators are often used to infer foraging behaviour, including potential indicators of prey consumption. ‘Wiggles’ are undulations in dive profiles that relate to foraging activity in a variety of marine predators. In penguins, wiggles are sometimes used as a proxy for prey consumption (e.g., catch per unit effort, CPUE), but this relationship remains poorly validated and likely varies with diet. We deployed animal-borne video cameras and depth recorders on chinstrap penguins (<em>Pygoscelis antarcticus</em>; <em>n</em> = 37) and identified over 17,000 euphausiid prey captures - mainly Antarctic krill (<em>Euphausia superba</em>) - during dives deeper than 3 m (<em>n</em> = 2458 dives). Using the video-observed prey captures as a reference, we tested how well various wiggle metrics derived from 1 Hz depth data predicted krill consumption by the penguins. Wiggle metrics generally showed a positive but noisy and highly variable relationship with the number of krill captured per dive, with association strength varying among metrics. While it is tempting to infer detailed foraging behaviours from dive wiggles (including ‘bottom distance’ generated by the R package diveMove), our results show: (1) notable rates of foraging – non-foraging dive misclassification; (2) only moderate agreement between CPUE estimated from wiggle counts and video observations; and (3) imprecise predictive models of actual prey consumption. While wiggle analyses offer some insight into prey consumption of krill-feeding penguins, our results suggest that alternative methods (e.g., acceleration-based indices) are needed to obtain more robust quantitative estimates of prey consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 152115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolism and hypoxia tolerance of the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni): Implications for conservation and restoration efforts","authors":"Stephanie J. Fan ,&nbsp;Taylor R. Smith ,&nbsp;Nasseer Idrisi ,&nbsp;John R. Hyde ,&nbsp;Nicholas C. Wegner","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The white abalone, <em>Haliotis sorenseni</em>, is an endangered marine gastropod that has shown no signs of population recovery despite fishery closure and protective status. To better understand the energetic demands, hypoxia tolerance, and critical habitat of this species, we measured oxygen consumption rates over a size range of captive-reared <em>H. sorenseni</em> at different environmental oxygen concentrations and temperatures in comparison to the more common red abalone, <em>H. rufescens</em>. We found that <em>H. sorenseni</em> has a relatively low metabolic rate that likely contributes to generally slow growth that can hamper recovery efforts. We also discovered that both <em>H. sorenseni</em> and <em>H. rufescens</em> appear to partially conform to ambient oxygen conditions by lowering their metabolism to deal with increasing hypoxia while still retaining an aerobic scope until reaching a critical oxygen concentration (<em>P</em>_crit), at which point they become oxylimited. For species exhibiting such relationships, determining the <em>P</em>₉₀, <em>P</em>₇₅, <em>P</em>₅₀, and <em>P</em>₂₅ (dissolved oxygen value at which oxygen consumption is 90 %, 75 %, 50 %, and 25 % of resting metabolic rate), as well as the <em>P</em>_crit and oxygen supply capacity, can provide useful metrics to compare hypoxia sensitivities among species and individuals. Variability in these metrics suggest potential fitness differences for <em>H. sorenseni</em> individuals spawned and raised in captivity for restoration outplanting. Higher temperatures also led to an increase in <em>P</em>₉₀, <em>P</em>₇₅, <em>P</em>₅₀, <em>P</em>₂₅, and <em>P</em>_crit and decrease in factorial aerobic scope for <em>H. sorenseni,</em> revealing the potential compounding effects of high temperature and low oxygen. Our results thus provide a suite of physiological metrics on which to test the health and fitness of captive-reared abalone and can help inform selection of appropriate outplanting sites for endangered <em>H. sorenseni</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 152107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing biomarkers in common dolphin: Insights from novel blubber cortisol analysis","authors":"Sofia Albrecht ,&nbsp;Sinéad Murphy ,&nbsp;Jim O'Donovan ,&nbsp;Cóilín Minto ,&nbsp;Luca Mirimin ,&nbsp;Orla Slattery","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring the health of protected marine mammals is crucial for conservation. Cortisol, a hormone involved in the stress response and metabolism, is a recognised biomarker for physiological states across species. Previous studies assessing blubber cortisol in marine mammals predominantly relied on an extraction methodology using numerous steps with different solvents. In this study, we applied a simplified extraction method from blubber tissue, followed by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify the cortisol content. Assay validations included intra- and interspecific coefficients of variation, as well as tests for parallelism and accuracy. While relatively low and variable extraction efficiencies suggest that protocols still need refinement before future application, our results indicate potential for improvement in blubber cortisol studies. This could lead to optimisation for a faster and more cost-effective protocol. While a decline in the nutritional health of common dolphins in the Celtic Seas ecoregion has been identified based on morphometric data, physiological markers have not yet been applied. To further validate the method and potentially disentangle the multitude of stress factors affecting the species we applied blubber cortisol analysis to stranded common dolphins along the Irish coastline (2017–2019, <em>n</em> = 71). Using generalised linear models with causes of death, body condition, body length, and maturity status as predictors, cortisol concentrations were found to be negatively correlated with body length and significantly higher in sexually immature individuals. The higher cortisol concentrations in younger animals may result from a combination of developmental, metabolic, or stress-related factors, underscoring the need for further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 152112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of root oxygen loss from the dominant tropical Atlantic-Caribbean seagrass, Thalassia testudinum, in a highly sulfidic carbonate lagoon","authors":"N.H. Winn ,&nbsp;M.S. Koch ,&nbsp;C.J. Madden","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although seagrasses transport leaf and water column oxygen (O₂) to belowground rhizome and root tissues, mortality events from hypoxia-driven H₂S intrusion occur, resulting in large-scale seagrass mortality events worldwide and in Florida Bay (40 km²), a large (2200 km²) seagrass-dominated estuary at the terminus of the Florida (USA) Peninsula. We examined the dominant tropical Atlantic-Caribbean seagrass <em>Thalassia testudinum</em>'s ability to transport O₂ to belowground tissues and diffuse O₂ into root rhizospheres to constrain H₂S diffusion into roots. We examined O₂ in the rhizosphere in the light and dark by deploying 2-D planar O₂ optode sensors and measured pO₂ and H₂S dynamics in rhizospheres using microsensors. Our planar optode experiments revealed no detectable root O₂ loss (ROL) to rhizospheres which remained anoxic in &gt;9 h of light (500 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹). Sediment O₂ and H₂S microsensor profiles of the rhizosphere and light/dark gas dynamic studies revealed that rhizospheres remained anoxic and H₂S concentrations reached ∼200 μM in the light and dark. At the same time, belowground tissue internal pO₂ was above air saturation (&gt;21 kPa) in the light (3−12<em>h</em>) and remained oxic in the dark (12<em>h</em>) with no detectable H₂S intrusion. The lack of oxic regions in rhizospheres under high internal tissue pO₂ indicate a restriction of ROL in this slow-growing species. A limitation of root-sediment gas exchange in <em>T. testudinum</em> may be an evolutionary strategy to prevent O₂ loss along deep roots and minimize H₂S intrusion in sulfidic carbonate sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 152113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of ocean acidification and altered prey fatty acids on the early development of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) larvae","authors":"Louise A. Copeman ,&nbsp;Michelle A. Stowell ,&nbsp;Jessica F. Andrade ,&nbsp;Thomas P. Hurst","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to affect the physiological rates of larval fish and invertebrates and is also expected to significantly impact marine fisheries through alteration of food webs. We examined whether mortality rates, body size, and condition of first-feeding larval northern rock sole, <em>Lepidopsetta polyxystra</em>, were synergistically influenced by prey quality (essential fatty acids, EFAs) and high carbon dioxide (CO₂) exposure. Larvae were exposed to ambient and high CO₂ levels (∼ 330 vs. 1020 μatm) and were fed diets with balanced or unbalanced EFA ratios for 7 weeks immediately following hatch. After 2 weeks, significant effects from CO₂ and diet were observed, with the largest larvae occurring in the high CO₂ exposure group that received a balanced EFA diet. After 5 weeks of exposure, the effects of elevated CO₂ had a diminished impact on larval size, but larvae reared on the balanced EFA diet maintained higher lipid-based condition metrics than those fed an unbalanced EFA diet. Survival was variable across replicate tanks and not significantly different between treatments. This study suggests that <em>L. polyxystra</em> larvae are most vulnerable to OA and food web change at different points in their development. Further understanding of these ecosystem effects will be required to predict the impacts of OA on northern rock sole fisheries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 152111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of climate change: Temperature and salinity impacts on the early development of the sea star Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis","authors":"Mariana Contins ,&nbsp;Rômulo Barroso ,&nbsp;Paulo C. Paiva ,&nbsp;Carlos R.R. Ventura","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea stars play crucial ecological roles in the trophic web of marine communities and are good indicators of the ecosystem's health. The sea star <em>Echinaster</em> (<em>Othilia</em>) <em>brasiliensis</em> inhabits the shallow waters of the southwestern Atlantic, ranging from southern Brazil to northern Argentina, and once faced a threat due to overexploitation for the aquarium trade. In this study, we investigated the impact of high temperatures (27 °C and 31 °C) on embryos and low salinities (30 and 26) on larvae of <em>E.</em> (<em>O.</em>) <em>brasiliensis</em>, simulating conditions predicted under global climate change scenarios. Our findings reveal that elevated temperatures not only accelerated larval development but also led to increased mortality and incidence of malformations. Meanwhile, reduced salinities delayed embryo development. These results suggest that changing environmental conditions may compromise the viability of <em>E.</em> (<em>O.</em>) <em>brasiliensis</em> populations, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to safeguard this species and others with similar reproductive traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 152110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal, temperature, and seasonal effects on yolk-sac larvae of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus in the western Baltic Sea","authors":"Amy T. Huang ,&nbsp;Katharina Alter ,&nbsp;Patrick Polte ,&nbsp;Myron A. Peck","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In marine fishes that spawn at specific times of the year, maternal effects interact with seasonal abiotic factors to influence offspring phenotypes that can affect growth, development, and survival of the early life stages. The relative importance of maternal versus abiotic processes throughout ontogeny is unclear. We incubated the progeny of 22 Atlantic herring <em>Clupea harengus</em> females from either early-, mid-, or late-spring spawning periods at both early- (7 °C) and late-season (13 °C) in situ temperatures. After yolk-sac larvae had hatched, changes in yolk sac area, notochord length, body depth, somatic body area, and cases of deformities were tracked until the point-of-no-return (beyond which starvation is irreversible), also allowing somatic growth rate and yolk utilization efficiency to be estimated. We then quantified the contributions of maternal effects, incubation temperature, and seasonal effects on offspring traits. Among newly-hatched larvae, the variance in body area was explained by temperature (18 %) and seasonal (12 %) but not maternal effects. As yolk-sac larvae reached maximum size, egg size and individual females together accounted for more than two-thirds (77 %) of the variance in body area, while seasonal and temperature effects did not explain additional variance. The maternal effects were, however, unrelated to female size (total length of 26.0–31.3 cm). As a result, size classes of females matched poorly (14–36 %) with those of egg and yolk-sac larval stages, while size classes of eggs matched well with those of maximum-sized larvae (59 %) and less with those of newly-hatched larvae (36 %). Furthermore, yolk-sac larvae from later in the season or from the 13 °C treatment had a relatively longer post-hatch, free-swimming yolk-sac larval stage with respect to the whole yolk period. Yolk utilization efficiency was similar and deformity percentage was low (&lt;5.3 %) across seasonal timing and temperature treatments. In conclusion, our study revealed that the seasonal effects on offspring size at the transition period from endo- to exogenous feeding were attributed to differences in egg size, with herring females spawning earlier in the season producing larger eggs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 152109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroalgae and conspecifics serve as critical attachment substrates for juvenile green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) during different stages of development","authors":"Katherine A. Burnham ,&nbsp;Jenny R. Hillman ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Jeffs","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2025.152108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, there has been a global push to restore shellfish reefs and the array of ecosystem services they provide, but these efforts are met with many challenges, the most common of which are substrate limitation due to habitat degradation and a lack of larval recruitment due to population declines. The restoration of green-lipped mussel (<em>Perna canaliculus</em>) reefs in New Zealand is similarly impeded by a lack of natural recruitment into populations of cultured adults that have been transplanted to the seafloor. To obtain a more complete understanding of the substrates needed to support the attachment of <em>P. canaliculus</em> juveniles throughout their development on mussel reefs, this study characterised the presence of different size classes of juvenile mussels on various substrate types within different microhabitats and intertidal zones on a remnant, intertidal mussel reef in the Hauraki Gulf. Across the reef, early juvenile <em>P. canaliculus</em> &lt;5 mm in shell length (SL) were present on conspecifics (37 %) and macroalgae (33 %) with similar frequency, but juveniles 5 – &lt;10 mm SL were present on conspecifics (64 %) almost twice as often as on macroalgae (34 %). Meanwhile, juveniles in all larger size classes ≥10 mm SL were present less often on macroalgae (average 4 %) and most often on conspecifics (average 27 %), followed by bare rock and shell for juveniles ≥20 mm SL (average 11 %). These findings indicate that macroalgae serves as a critical attachment substrate for juvenile <em>P. canaliculus</em> during early development, while conspecific substrate supports the establishment of juveniles throughout later development, alongside rock and shell in a lesser capacity. Additionally, for early juveniles &lt;5 mm SL in emergent rock microhabitats, their presence was 31 % higher on macroalgae than on conspecifics in the upper intertidal but 28 % higher on conspecifics compared to macroalgae in the lower intertidal, indicating that juvenile substrate associations vary between locations within the reef that experience different levels of hydrodynamic force, intraspecific competition, and predation. This study offers valuable insights into the early life history of <em>P. canaliculus</em> that can inform mussel reef restoration practitioners of the types of substrates that; 1) may be limited at restoration sites, 2) are likely to be most effective for facilitating recruitment at restoration sites if applied in close proximity to allow juveniles to transition between substrates during ontogeny, and 3) can be used as a selection criteria for future sites, alongside a set of environmental parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 152108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}