Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Intrinsic factors affecting predator failure in crab-gastropod encounters and their implications for repair scar frequencies","authors":"Steven E. Mendonca ,&nbsp;Carrie L. Tyler ,&nbsp;Kristina M. Barclay ,&nbsp;Lindsey R. Leighton","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Repair scars result from sublethal predator damage which is regrown, permanently recording predator-prey encounters. Although interactions between crabs and gastropods are well studied, it is not clear under what conditions these encounters lead to the generation of repair scars. As failed attacks generate repair scars, here, we use arena experiments to investigate intrinsic factors affecting the likelihood of predator failure using the crab, <em>Cancer productus</em>, and two of its common gastropod prey, <em>Nucella ostrina</em> and <em>Tegula funebralis</em>. Regression models indicate that <em>C. productus</em> was 44 % more likely to fail in encounters with <em>T. funebralis</em> than those with <em>N. ostrina,</em> which may be due to differences in shell strength and shape. In addition, encounters with <em>T. funebralis</em> were much longer in duration than those with <em>N. ostrina,</em> particularly for large prey attacked by small predators. Predator size had a direct effect on attack outcomes, particularly for <em>T. funebralis</em>, and the long duration of encounters suggests that in natural settings, extrinsic factors could potentially have large effects on failure rates. Field data show that <em>T. funebralis</em> populations tend to have greater repair frequencies than do coexisting <em>N. ostrina.</em> We propose that differences in repair frequency between <em>T. funebralis</em> and <em>N. ostrina</em> at the same location are likely due to intrinsic factors. However, repair scar frequencies may also reflect the density of small predators, as repair scars may primarily result from small crabs, which are also more likely to be interrupted by extrinsic factors in natural settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 152069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of elevated temperature on erosion of Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, sugar kelp) blades","authors":"Xiaowei Ding ,&nbsp;Corina P.D. Brussaard ,&nbsp;Klaas R. Timmermans","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The critical role of kelp as an ecosystem engineer (nutrient cycling, habitat formation) is well recognized but under threat. Recent declines in natural kelp populations worldwide have been linked to global warming-induced rising temperatures of the ocean. There is, however, a noticeable gap in knowledge about the effects of temperature on the erosion of (distal parts of) the kelp blades. This erosion process, where blades tissue is lost, is crucial to understanding kelp health and nutrient dynamics in marine ecosystems. This study aimed to quantify the erosion rate of <em>Saccharina latissima</em> (Laminariales, sugar kelp) blades and the subsequent release of total organic carbon and total nitrogen during erosion under naturally increased temperatures (from 16.1 °C to 22.5 °C) and further elevated temperatures (from 16.1 °C to 27.1 °C). A significant increase in the erosion rate of the distal parts of blades was observed in both temperature treatments. Substantial amounts (4.24 ± 0.31 mg cm⁻² of C and 0.32 ± 0.13 mg cm⁻² of N) of nutrients were released from <em>S. latissima</em>, especially under sub-lethal temperature conditions. Under further elevated temperatures, with a prolonged period of higher temperature and a maximum temperature of 27.1 °C, the effects were stronger, and erosion occurred along the edges of the whole blade. Our findings suggest that rising temperatures accelerate the erosion of <em>S. latissima</em> blades, highlighting a reason for the decline of kelp forests under climate change, as well as the potential impacts on nutrient cycling in the oceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 152071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of the intertidal limpet Patella depressa Pennant, 1777: Patterns across wave exposure and season","authors":"Jón T. Magnússon ,&nbsp;Ana Silva ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Hawkins ,&nbsp;José P.M. Paula ,&nbsp;Tiago A. Marques ,&nbsp;Diana Boaventura","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial patterns of intertidal rocky shore gastropods depend on various environmental stresses and biological interactions. Understanding how and why these patterns arise can provide important insights into the ecology and behavior of ecologically key organisms. Here, we addressed the unexplored limpet aggregative behavior and the influence of wave action and season. We assessed intraspecific patterns of the spatial distribution of <em>Patella depressa</em> on rocky shores of contrasting wave exposure in seasons with different levels of storminess in central Portugal. We predicted that intraspecific spatial structure estimated through individual-to-individual nearest neighbor distances (NNDs) would be more aggregated on exposed sites than on sheltered sites and, if season-dependent, such aggregation would be greater during the stormier winter months. Two sheltered sites and two exposed sites were sampled three times in winter and in summer. On each sampling occasion, the mean NNDs were measured digitally in 20 replicated random quadrats (0.25 × 0.25 m). We showed that season and exposure significantly affect the spatial distribution of limpets, with an aggregated spatial structure on exposed sites during the stormy winter months. On sheltered sites, limpets were randomly distributed regardless of season. In contrast, on exposed sites, limpets which were randomly distributed during summer changed to an aggregated structure in the winter. This is the first report of seasonally modulated patterns of spatial distribution associated with wave exposure for <em>P. depressa</em>. Such behavior can influence resource availability and outcomes of competitive interactions, with implications for ecosystem functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 152073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The photosymbiotic acoel Convolutriloba retrogemma (Xenacoelomorpha) is sensitive to thermal stress","authors":"Marcelo C. Querido ,&nbsp;Arthur Z. Güth ,&nbsp;Amana G. Garrido ,&nbsp;Carla Zilberberg ,&nbsp;Leonardo P. Cardoso ,&nbsp;Paulo Y.G. Sumida ,&nbsp;Miguel Mies","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple marine invertebrate species have been utilized as model organisms for investigations on the effects of climate change and bleaching on animal-algal symbioses. However, one potential model host that has not been addressed is the acoel <em>Convolutriloba retrogemma</em>, which associates with chlorophytes. Therefore, this study assessed whether thermal stress reduces survival, size, symbiont density and chlorophyll-<em>a</em> concentration for <em>C. retrogemma</em>. Acoels were subjected to an experiment to examine the combined effects of temperature (26, 28 and 30 °C) and exposure (1, 2 and 4 weeks) on each of the four variables. The population size and total length of acoels were monitored, followed by sampling and maceration for quantifying symbionts and extracting chlorophyll-<em>a</em>, which was measured using a fluorometer. Results showed significant acoel mortality at both 28 and 30 °C, with populations decreasing by 50 % and 100 %, respectively, after four weeks. Length did not differ among conditions. Acoels underwent bleaching as symbiont density decreased at 30 °C, and chlorophyll-<em>a</em> content decreased at both 28 and 30 °C. In the current context of climate change, the association between <em>C. retrogemma</em> and <em>Tetraselmis</em> sp. appears to be considerably fragile compared to other model organisms. With the predicted increase in marine heatwaves, this holobiont may be severely threatened.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 152079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of pCO2 and salinity on the silicification of estuarine diatoms","authors":"Wei Duan ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Minqi Luo ,&nbsp;Huo Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Ou ,&nbsp;Fengyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Ke Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the combined effects of seawater acidification and salinity is crucial for assessing the adaptation of estuarine organisms to climate change. This study examined the physiological and nanostructural responses of two coastal diatoms, <em>Thalassiosira pseudonana</em> and <em>Thalassiosira weissflogii</em>, under different <em>p</em>CO₂ and salinity conditions. Our results indicated that high <em>p</em>CO₂ and low salinity decreased the biogenic silica and chlorophyll contents in both species. The weakly condensed silicon increased alongside the decrease in biogenic silica under high <em>p</em>CO₂ conditions, with this trend being further amplified in low salinity environments. Meanwhile, the biochemical compositions and nanostructure of the diatom frustules were significantly altered by the lower salinity, leading to reduced cell size and porosity. These changes to diatom physiology and morphology may affect the diatoms' capacity to defend against predators and viruses. This study highlights the chemical and morphological changes occurring in diatom cell walls in future acidic estuarine waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 152078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat degradation has species-specific effects on the stress response of coral reef fishes","authors":"Eric P. Fakan ,&nbsp;Alexia Dubuc ,&nbsp;Christopher R. Hemingson ,&nbsp;Mark I. McCormick ,&nbsp;Andrew S. Hoey","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coral reefs are one of the world's most threatened ecosystems, with transition from coral- to algal-dominated habitats becoming increasingly common. While habitat degradation in other ecosystems can lead to heightened stress among individuals, thereby increasing energetic demands and reducing fitness, the effects of habitat degradation on stress and metabolic performance of coral reef fish is unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether cortisol levels (an indicator of stress), metabolic performance, behaviour, and growth, were influenced by habitat quality in three fish species with varying degrees of reliance on live coral. We reared newly-settled fishes (<em>Pomacentrus amboinensis</em>, <em>P. moluccensis</em> and <em>Dascyllus aruanus</em>) for three weeks in one of three habitat treatments: live coral, dead coral covered in turf algae and cyanobacteria, or a combination of the two. After three weeks we quantified each individuals metabolic performance, cortisol concentration, morphology, and habitat use. <em>Pomacentrus moluccensis</em> had higher cortisol concentrations in the dead coral treatment, compared to the live coral, whereas there was no difference in cortisol levels among habitat treatments for <em>P. amboinensis</em> or <em>D. aruanus</em>. Overall, metabolic performance (aerobic scope, standard and maximum metabolic rate) showed no consistent response to habitat treatments. Regarding morphology, we only found <em>D. aruanus</em> to be impacted, with individuals from the live coral treatment having a significantly higher mass than individuals from the dead coral treatment. Behavioural space-use analysis revealed that <em>D. aruanus</em> and <em>P. moluccensis</em> spent more time away from their habitats in the dead coral treatments, whereas the space-use of <em>P. amboinensis</em> was unaffected by habitat degradation. Understanding how coral loss affects stress levels and fitness of reef fishes is critical to predict future reef fish communities. This study highlights that vulnerability of reef fish to coral reef degradation is species-specific, and related to their reliance on live coral. These changes may provide a mechanistic explanation to observed population declines following coral loss and indicate that remaining individuals have reduced fitness potentially compromising the subsistence of future populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 152070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling multifactor influences on photosymbiosis within a tropical anthozoan (Isactinia sp.)","authors":"Katrina L. Kaposi ,&nbsp;Robert L. Courtney ,&nbsp;Jamie E. Seymour","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The symbiotic relationship that photosymbiotic anthozoans share with Symbiodiniaceae is an important aspect of not only their health, but the success of the broader ecosystems in which they reside. This relationship is fragile however and is susceptible to perturbations to physiochemical factors within the environment. Using conditions ecologically relevant to the Great Barrier Reef, the aim of this study was to unravel the individual and combined impacts of temperature and salinity on the population density of Symbiodiniaceae within a small tropical sea anemone (<em>Isactinia</em> sp.) over time. A significant interaction between the three factors was identified. While salinity was shown to be the leading cause of symbiont loss within the first week, over the duration of the 21-day study, temperature ultimately emerged as the primary driver of bleaching. The impact on Symbiodiniaceae density varied however, with instances of the density more than doubling under mid-range conditions. Ultimately the results of this study contribute to our understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of photosymbiosis within tropical anthozoans. By thoroughly unravelling the intricacies of the anthozoan-Symbiodiniaceae we are better able to predict how such species may respond to changing environmental conditions into the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 152072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of spatial context on prey manipulation behaviors in the California moray eel (Gymnothorax mordax)","authors":"Maya M. McElfish ,&nbsp;Liliana R. Pruett ,&nbsp;Rita S. Mehta","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predation strategies are shaped by multiple factors, such as prey type, prey density, and/or abiotic conditions. However, limited research has investigated the role of spatial constraints on post-capture behaviors. Our aim was to assess the impact of spatial context on prey manipulation in the California moray eel (<em>Gymnothorax mordax</em>), a crevice forager with a diverse prey handling repertoire. We first compared the duration engaged in specific manipulation behaviors between spatially “enclosed” and “open” foraging environments, followed by a comparison of tightly enclosed spaces that were scaled to individual moray diameter. We observed that the durations spent engaged in specific manipulation behaviors varied based on spatial context. Despite these changes, total feeding time, which consists of both manipulating and swallowing prey, did not vary across treatments. These results highlight the behavioral flexibility of morays, suggesting that they can adjust prey manipulation strategies for specific spatial contexts without compromising overall feeding duration. We additionally documented two previously undescribed behaviors (tail and body anchoring) which seem to be used in the narrowest treatments for leverage when knotting behavior was not possible due to spatial constraints. This research provides valuable insight into the foraging ecology of this locally abundant apex predator and aids in furthering our understanding of predator-prey interactions in the benthic community within the kelp forest ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microphytobenthic responses to endobenthic bioturbator density, temperature and eutrophication in a global change mesocosm experiment","authors":"C.M. Thomas ,&nbsp;G.A.V. Maniel ,&nbsp;K. Gilmour ,&nbsp;A.E. Oyatoye ,&nbsp;H.G. Marco ,&nbsp;D. Pillay","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microphytobenthos (MPB) is a key determinant of ecological processes occurring in coastal sediments, where it functions as a trophic resource, sediment stabiliser and mediator of nutrient cycling and bentho-pelagic coupling. Endobenthic bioturbators are also important components of coastal sediments, wherein they influence ecosystem functioning principally through high sediment and pore-water manipulation rates. However, understanding of how endobenthic engineer activities influence MPB components, especially in the context of global change processes, is limited. We made use of a factorial mesocosm experiment and an in situ optical tool (BenthoTorch) to quantify responses of cyanobacteria, green-algae, diatoms and total MPB biomass to (1) eutrophic vs mesotrophic and (2) high vs low temperature conditions at increasing densities of sandprawns (<em>Kraussillichirus kraussi</em>). These crustaceans are highly influential endobenthic engineers in southern Africa, being widely distributed in estuaries, lagoons and embayments. Findings from our experiment indicated that total MPB biomass and that of cyanobacteria and diatoms (the dominant constituents of MPB assemblages in mesocosms) decreased from controls to maximum sandprawn-density treatments, but predominantly under low temperature. Sediment boundary roughness increased with sandprawn density, suggesting that sandprawn effects on MPB biomass and that of cyanobacteria and diatoms under low temperature was likely sediment mediated, with deposition of residual burrow sediment to the sediment-water interface reducing microalgal productivity. All MPB metrics declined with high temperature, suggesting a physiological intolerance of the MPB assemblages to upper thermal conditions in our experiment or nutrient limitation due to temperature-induced increases in metabolism. Our findings highlight the potential for rising temperature to reduce MPB biomass, as has been reported for open ocean and lake phytoplankton assemblages. Our results also highlight the functional significance of sandprawns in structuring MPB assemblages in coastal ecosystems, but their sediment-mediated limitation of benthic cyanobacterial biomass may confer a degree of resilience to coastal benthic ecosystems against harmful cyanobacterial blooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light exposure induces phenotypic plasticity of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea sp. and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates","authors":"Rebecca Salas ,&nbsp;Colin J. Anthony ,&nbsp;Bastian Bentlage","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jembe.2024.152068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upside-down jellyfish, <em>Cassiopea,</em> is an increasingly popular model organism gaining prominence for both its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates from the family Symbiodiniaceae and its behavioral changes of bell pulsations associated with environmental cues. Pulsation provides a unique window into the host's response to environmental conditions, a typically difficult to access component of other symbiotic cnidarians. Pulsation has also been hypothesized to play a regulatory role on the endosymbiotic assemblage, but the magnitude of this regulatory effect is not well understood. Here, we used two light-acclimation experiments to help disentangle the complex phenotypic responses of the cnidarian host and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. The first experiment examined the phenotypic plasticity (size, behavior, color) of <em>Cassiopea</em> sp. in response to repeated ambient light acclimation trials to determine the rate and magnitude of phenotypic plasticity. The second experiment compared the acclimation response of jellyfish across three experimental groups to test whether a short acclimation time destabilized the host-endosymbiont relationship. Our goal was to identify covarying host-endosymbiont phenotypes to gain new insights into the dynamics of this relationship. We employed flow cytometric phenotypic profiling for high-throughput phenotypic characterization of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in addition to pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry to characterize photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm). Host phenotypes responded predictably to light-dark cycles and stabilized after nine to twelve days of exposure to consistent light conditions. However, disruption of this acclimation period affected the holobiont's phenotypic profile. We also found evidence that phenotypic responses of the host and endosymbionts were generally decoupled, indicating a stronger regulatory response of light conditions on phenotypes than possible host-regulatory strategies on the endosymbiotic assemblage. This study provides unique insights into the acclimation strategies of upside-down jellyfish, an emerging model for the study of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50197,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 152068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}