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Process innovations to enable viable enzymatic poly(ethylene terephthalate) recycling 工艺创新,使可行的酶聚对苯二甲酸乙酯回收
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00212-y
Natasha P. Murphy, Stephen H. Dempsey, Jason S. DesVeaux, Taylor Uekert, Allen C. Chang, Swarnalatha Mailaram, Manar Alherech, Hannah M. Alt, Kelsey J. Ramirez, Brenna Norton-Baker, Elizabeth L. Bell, Christine A. Singer, Andrew R. Pickford, John E. McGeehan, Margaret J. Sobkowicz, Gregg T. Beckham
{"title":"Process innovations to enable viable enzymatic poly(ethylene terephthalate) recycling","authors":"Natasha P. Murphy, Stephen H. Dempsey, Jason S. DesVeaux, Taylor Uekert, Allen C. Chang, Swarnalatha Mailaram, Manar Alherech, Hannah M. Alt, Kelsey J. Ramirez, Brenna Norton-Baker, Elizabeth L. Bell, Christine A. Singer, Andrew R. Pickford, John E. McGeehan, Margaret J. Sobkowicz, Gregg T. Beckham","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00212-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00212-y","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has received considerable attention for closed-loop polyester recycling. However, current approaches for enzymatic PET recycling face challenges to achieve commercial viability with lower environmental impacts compared with virgin polyester manufacturing. Here we present multiple process innovations for enzymatic PET recycling that enable economic and environmental feasibility. We show that substrate amorphization through extrusion and quenching is energy-efficient and enables near-quantitative enzymatic conversion in 50 h. Using ammonium hydroxide for pH control and thermolysis of the isolated diammonium terephthalate salt reduces the acid and base consumption by >99%, lowering annual operating expenses by 74%. Fed-batch processing increased ethylene glycol concentration, leading to a 65% reduction in energy consumption for ethylene glycol recovery. These improvements were modeled in an optimal process, with recycled PET estimated to be US$1.51 kg−1 relative to US domestic virgin PET at US$1.87 kg−1 and eliminating key life cycle obstacles to scale this technology. Enzymatic recycling is an emerging technology to circularize the ubiquitous polyester poly(ethylene terephthalate). Here the authors evaluate and implement multiple process changes to improve the scalability and viability of this recycling technology. Process modeling demonstrates that these changes could enable cost competitiveness and greatly reduce overall life cycle impacts.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 5","pages":"309-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-driving nanoparticle synthesis 自驾车纳米粒子合成
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00225-7
Tong Zhao, Yan Zeng
{"title":"Self-driving nanoparticle synthesis","authors":"Tong Zhao, Yan Zeng","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00225-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00225-7","url":null,"abstract":"The multidimensional chemical parameter space for nanoparticle synthesis is too extensive for traditional exploration, but integrating robotic automation, microfluidics and machine learning can accelerate discovery and improve synthesis controllability.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 5","pages":"290-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using pseudo-steady-state operation to redefine stability in CO2 electrolysis 用拟稳态操作重新定义CO2电解的稳定性
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00210-0
Thomas Burdyny
{"title":"Using pseudo-steady-state operation to redefine stability in CO2 electrolysis","authors":"Thomas Burdyny","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00210-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00210-0","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas chemical reactors can be run for years with limited maintenance, no reactor is inherently stable. Catalysts and components naturally degrade over time. If degradation is slow enough and understood, however, performance losses with time need not impede commercialization. For example, thermochemical reactions can be run at progressively increasing temperatures to compensate for degrading catalysts. In recent years, various electrochemical reactions have been investigated to support the renewable electrification of various sectors, with stability being a key necessity for future use. Unfortunately, in fields such as CO2 electrolysis, more efforts have been placed on achieving stability instead of characterizing degradation, which is a lost opportunity. This Perspective provides a critical reflection on stability—a flawed performance metric—and advocates for a switch in mindset toward characterizing pseudo-steady-state operation. A classification of transient versus pseudo-steady-state degradation mechanisms present in CO2 electrolysis is also provided, along with recommended characterization practices. Collectively, it is advocated that redefining stability is the best way to improve it. A critical necessity of electrochemical catalysts and reactions is that they demonstrate stable operation over time, but what defines something as stable or unstable? This Perspective discusses the complexities of stability in CO2 electrolysis, calling for a re-evaluation and redefinition of stability as a performance metric.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 6","pages":"350-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking data silos in drug discovery with federated learning 用联合学习打破药物发现中的数据孤岛
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00213-x
Can Li
{"title":"Breaking data silos in drug discovery with federated learning","authors":"Can Li","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00213-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00213-x","url":null,"abstract":"Federated learning enables collaboration without compromising data privacy, but challenges remain. Now, a data-centric approach named FLuID enhances knowledge sharing in drug discovery, demonstrating improved predictive performance while preserving confidentiality across pharmaceutical companies.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 5","pages":"288-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A CO2-free path to H2 production 一个无二氧化碳生成H2的途径
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00211-z
Yanfei Zhu
{"title":"A CO2-free path to H2 production","authors":"Yanfei Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00211-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00211-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"234-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pushing the boundaries of membrane separations 推动膜分离的边界
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00218-6
{"title":"Pushing the boundaries of membrane separations","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00218-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00218-6","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane-based separations are a cornerstone of modern chemical engineering. This Editorial reiterates our interest in all aspects of the topic, highlighting some recent contributions in this issue of Nature Chemical Engineering.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"231-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44286-025-00218-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbubbles do the ‘wave’ 微气泡产生“波浪”
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00214-w
Thomas Dursch
{"title":"Microbubbles do the ‘wave’","authors":"Thomas Dursch","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00214-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00214-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"236-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrohydrodynamics for the undergraduate student body 电流体力学本科课程
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00209-7
Valeria Garbin
{"title":"Electrohydrodynamics for the undergraduate student body","authors":"Valeria Garbin","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00209-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00209-7","url":null,"abstract":"Valeria Garbin discusses the importance of electrically driven transport phenomena and how this could be communicated to undergraduate students.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"273-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective separation of similar-sized solutes 选择性分离相似大小的溶质
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00215-9
Mo Qiao
{"title":"Selective separation of similar-sized solutes","authors":"Mo Qiao","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00215-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00215-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"235-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbes ‘green light’ poly(ester amide) production 微生物“绿光”聚(酯酰胺)生产
Nature Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s44286-025-00216-8
Alessio Lavino
{"title":"Microbes ‘green light’ poly(ester amide) production","authors":"Alessio Lavino","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00216-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-025-00216-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"233-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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