{"title":"Cost efficiency versus energy utilization in green ammonia production from intermittent renewable energy.","authors":"Collin Smith, Laura Torrente-Murciano","doi":"10.1038/s44286-025-00207-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44286-025-00207-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrification of the chemical industry with renewable energy is critical for achieving net zero goals and the long-term storage of renewable energy in chemical bonds, particularly carbon-free molecules such as ammonia. Through an analysis of green ammonia production with solar and wind energy at more than 4,500 locations across Europe, this work demonstrates that maximizing cost efficiency is decoupled from maximizing energy utilization due to the intermittency of renewable energy. By devising the metric of levelized cost of utilization, the economic drive for energy curtailment is connected to the high cost to utilize portions of solar or wind energy profiles with unequal seasonal distribution. Combining solar and wind energy or ramping production decreases the cost of utilizing energy, thereby decreasing curtailment. A framework for evaluating the power-to-x economics within the context of electricity grids is illustrated using the value of utilizing energy, which indicates that electrified chemicals production is an attractive market for renewable energy at locations with high penetration on the grid.</p>","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"261-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling insights to navigate limitations in bipolar membranes","authors":"David Kitto, Jovan Kamcev","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00161-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00161-y","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental transport modeling of bipolar membranes has identified sources of inefficiencies in power-generating applications. These insights can guide the development of improved membranes, ultimately aiding in energy recovery across various electrochemical technologies.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"30-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A framework for direct CO2 capture from air","authors":"Mo Qiao","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00166-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00166-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"27-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical looping in metabolic nanoreactors","authors":"Alessio Lavino","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00167-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00167-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The human element of process design","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00165-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00165-8","url":null,"abstract":"Considering consumer behavioral norms is important to sustainable design. This Editorial discusses the need to incorporate behavioral patterns into product design and the role that the chemical engineering community can play in fostering a more informed understanding of sustainability among consumers.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"788-789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44286-024-00165-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable alternatives to microplastics from degradable polymer microparticles","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00156-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00156-9","url":null,"abstract":"Degradable poly(β-amino ester) (PAE) polymers can be used as a scalable alternative to microplastics in personal care products and nutrient delivery. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of PAE microparticles in skin exfoliation and nutrient protection, providing a potential eco-friendly solution to reduce microplastic pollution and its associated environmental and health impacts.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"36-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life at low Reynolds number isn’t such a drag","authors":"Sujit S. Datta","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00147-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00147-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sujit Datta discusses how scaling arguments, dimensional analysis and chemical engineering fundamentals can be used to describe microbial swimming.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"787-787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extracting lithium from salt-lake brine","authors":"Yanfei Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00158-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00158-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"725-725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sasha B. Ebrahimi, Himanshu Bhattacharjee, Sujatha Sonti, Doug Fuerst, Patrick S. Doyle, Yi Lu, Devleena Samanta
{"title":"Engineering considerations for next-generation oligonucleotide therapeutics","authors":"Sasha B. Ebrahimi, Himanshu Bhattacharjee, Sujatha Sonti, Doug Fuerst, Patrick S. Doyle, Yi Lu, Devleena Samanta","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00152-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00152-z","url":null,"abstract":"Oligonucleotide therapeutics are revolutionizing disease treatment by regulating molecules at the genetic level, offering the possibility of treating conditions that were once considered ‘undruggable’. However, delivering oligonucleotides to tissues beyond the liver remains a key challenge, limiting their clinical applications thus far to niche indications. To achieve broader applicability, extensive biomolecular engineering is necessary to enhance the stability, tissue targetability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these structures. The intricate design of these molecules also demands sophisticated process-engineering techniques. Here we provide a collaborative Perspective from academia and industry on the pivotal role of chemical engineering in expanding the use of therapeutic oligonucleotides to treat a wider range of diseases. We discuss how the interplay between biomolecular and process engineering impacts the developability of next-generation oligonucleotide therapeutics as well as their translation from bench to bedside. Oligonucleotide therapeutics have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional small-molecule and protein-based drugs. This Perspective discusses how chemical engineering can broaden oligonucleotide applications to extrahepatic diseases and enable larger-scale production, ultimately allowing treatment of more prevalent conditions than is currently possible.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 12","pages":"741-750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin C. Bui, Eric W. Lees, Andrew K. Liu, Wei Lun Toh, T. Nathan Stovall, Priyamvada Goyal, Francisco Javier U. Galang, Yogesh Surendranath, Alexis T. Bell, Adam Z. Weber
{"title":"Ion-specific phenomena limit energy recovery in forward-biased bipolar membranes","authors":"Justin C. Bui, Eric W. Lees, Andrew K. Liu, Wei Lun Toh, T. Nathan Stovall, Priyamvada Goyal, Francisco Javier U. Galang, Yogesh Surendranath, Alexis T. Bell, Adam Z. Weber","doi":"10.1038/s44286-024-00154-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44286-024-00154-x","url":null,"abstract":"The ability for bipolar membranes (BPMs) to interconvert voltage and pH makes them attractive materials for use in energy conversion and storage. Reverse-biased BPMs, which use electrical voltage to dissociate water into acid and base, have become increasingly well studied. However, forward-biased BPMs (FB-BPMs), in which voltage is extracted from pH gradients through recombination, require further study. Here physics-based modeling elucidates how the complex coupling of transport and kinetics dictates the performance of FB-BPMs in electrochemical devices. Simulations reveal that the open-circuit potential of FB-BPMs is dictated by the balance of ion recombination and crossover, where recombination of buffering counter-ions attenuates the open-circuit potential. Counter-ion mass-transport limitations and uptake of ionic impurities limit achievable current densities by reducing the applied pH gradient or the available fixed-charge sites that mediate recombination. The model highlights the importance of selective ion management in mitigating energy losses and provides insight into the rational material design of FB-BPMs for energy applications. Forward-biased bipolar membranes (FB-BPMs), which recover potential from pH gradients through ion–ion recombination, show promise for application in sustainable devices. The authors use physics-based modeling to elucidate how ion-specific phenomena dictate performance, reveal how selective ion management can mitigate energy losses and provide insights into the rational design of next-generation FB-BPMs.","PeriodicalId":501699,"journal":{"name":"Nature Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"63-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44286-024-00154-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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