{"title":"Blood flow signals through the bone cortex on ultrasonography can be used as a screening test for detecting bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with early knee osteoarthritis.","authors":"Naoki Takemoto, Yasushi Takata, Yosuke Shima, Kenichi Goshima, Kengo Shimozaki, Mitsuhiro Kimura, Tomoyuki Kanayama, Satoru Demura, Junsuke Nakase","doi":"10.1007/s10396-024-01503-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10396-024-01503-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Blood flow signals (BFSs) through the bone cortex on ultrasonography (US) and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to assess bone lesions; however, no studies have reported their relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether BFSs through the bone cortex on US can serve as a screening test for detecting BMLs on MRI in patients with early knee osteoarthritis (OA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled patients with knee joint pain who were diagnosed with early knee OA between January 2018 and January 2024. We targeted 77 patients who underwent MRI and in whom the presence or absence of BFSs through the bone cortex was confirmed on US. The association between BFSs and BMLs was evaluated using the chi-square test, and the sensitivity and specificity of BFSs for detecting BMLs on MRI were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The chi-square test showed that BFSs and BMLs were significantly associated in the femur and tibia (femur: χ<sup>2</sup> [1] = 52.9, p < 0.001; Tibia: χ<sup>2</sup> [1] = 44.8, p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of BFSs for detecting BMLs on MRI were 85.0%, 96.5%, 89.5%, and 94.8%, respectively, for the femur, and 84.0%, 92.3%, 84.0%, and 92.3%, respectively, for the tibia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BFSs through the bone cortex on US can be used as a screening test for detecting BMLs on MRI in patients with early knee OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasonics","volume":" ","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-derived fat fraction for the detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis in patients with liver biopsy.","authors":"Yoshiko Nakamura, Masashi Hirooka, Yohei Koizumi, Ryo Yano, Yusuke Imai, Takao Watanabe, Osamu Yoshida, Yoshio Tokumoto, Masanori Abe, Yoichi Hiasa","doi":"10.1007/s10396-024-01472-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10396-024-01472-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) for grading hepatic steatosis using liver histology as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-three patients with liver disease were assessed using UDFF and liver biopsy. Pearson's test and the Bland-Altman plot were used to assess the correlation between UDFF and histological fat content in liver sections. The UDFF cutoff values for histologically proven steatosis grades were determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the patients was 66 (interquartile range 54-74) years, and 33 (45%) were females. The UDFF values showed a stepwise increase with increasing steatosis grade (p < .001) and were strongly correlated with the histological fat content (r = .7736, p < .001). The Bland-Altman plot revealed a mean bias of 2.384% (95% limit of agreement, - 6.582 to 11.351%) between them. Univariate regression analysis revealed no significant predictors of divergence. The AUROCs for distinguishing steatosis grades of ≥ 1, ≥2, and 3 were 0.956 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.910-1.00), 0.926 (95% CI, 0.860-0.993), and 0.971 (95% CI, 0.929-1.000), respectively. The UDFF cutoff value of > 6% had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.8% and 82.3%, respectively, for diagnosing steatosis grade ≥ 1. There was no association between UDFF and the fibrosis stage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UDFF shows strong agreement with the histological fat content and excellent diagnostic accuracy for grading steatosis. UDFF is a promising tool for detecting and quantifying hepatic steatosis in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasonics","volume":" ","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced ultrasound diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct lesions.","authors":"Shinji Okaniwa","doi":"10.1007/s10396-024-01491-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10396-024-01491-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound (US) has high specificity and sensitivity, and it should be performed first for patients with suspicion of biliary tract cancer. However, the complicated anatomy in addition to the gas images makes it difficult to delineate the entire extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD). The keys to depiction of EHBD are the \"J\" shape manipulation in the left lateral decubitus position and the use of magnified images with high-frequency transducers. Furthermore, indirect findings such as gallbladder (GB) distension, BD dilatation, and debris echo in the GB and BD are also important for detecting occult lesions, particularly in the ampullary region of Vater. For the differential diagnosis of BD wall thickening, the spreading pattern in the long and short axial directions should be assessed first. Then, the characteristics of the innermost hyperechoic layer (IHL) and outermost hyperechoic layer (OHL) should be evaluated. Asymmetrical wall thickening, absence of IHL, and presence of irregularity or discontinuity in OHL are characteristic patterns of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Because CCA is the most common BD polypoid lesion, it is important to diagnose tumor extension and depth invasion in addition to differential diagnosis. Nodular-type CCA is usually hypoechoic and more likely to invade vertically. In contrast, papillary-type CCA is often hyperechoic and extends laterally. Contrast‑enhanced US may be useful for evaluating these findings. However, if the possibility of CCA cannot be ruled out or a definitive diagnosis is needed, a transpapillary biopsy or endoscopic US-guided tissue acquisition should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":50130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasonics","volume":" ","pages":"69-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ablation manual for liver cancer.","authors":"Hitoshi Maruyama, Yasunori Minami, Katsutoshi Sugimoto, Akihiro Funaoka, Kazushi Numata","doi":"10.1007/s10396-024-01499-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10396-024-01499-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of recent advances in energy device technology, ablation has become popular worldwide. It is less invasive and provides faster postoperative recovery compared to surgery, and therefore, it has come to be applied to a wide range of organs, such as liver, lung, kidney, thyroid, and bone/soft tissue tumors. In order to properly guide the needle to the target area, imaging support is necessary, and ultrasound, which has the advantages of high resolution and real-time capability, is the most frequently used modality. In other words, ablation can be said to be a therapeutic method that makes the most of the advantages of ultrasound. This article outlines the role of ultrasound in ablation for liver cancer and its specific usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":50130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasonics","volume":" ","pages":"27-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors affecting the accuracy of fetal cardiac ultrasound screening in the first trimester of pregnancy.","authors":"Shin Hashiramoto, Mayumi Kaneko, Hiroko Takita, Yuka Yamashita, Ryu Matsuoka, Akihiko Sekizawa","doi":"10.1007/s10396-024-01505-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10396-024-01505-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Most studies on the performance of first-trimester cardiac screening have concentrated on comparing the detection rate between different protocols and not on the actual reason for false-negative results. Herein, we report the performance of first-trimester congenital heart disease (CHD) screening and factors that may affect the detection rate of CHDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included patients who underwent first-trimester screening and subsequently gave birth at our facility. We analyzed the performance of first-trimester screening for CHD and major CHD (CHD requiring cardiac surgery or interventional catheterization within 12 months of birth).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 6614 fetuses included, 53 had CHD and 35 had major CHD. For the prenatal diagnosis of CHD, the detection rate, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and first-trimester detection rate for CHD were 64.1%, 99.9%, 94.4%, 99.7%, and 82.9%, respectively; the respective values for major CHD were 85.7%, 99.96%, 93.75%, 99.92%, and 85.7%. The detection rate was not significantly different when classified by crown-rump length or number of fetuses. A weak correlation was observed between low detection rate of major CHD and lower maternal body mass index (BMI) (correlation ratio: 0.17). The detection rate was significantly higher when the fetus was scanned with its spine at the 5-7 o'clock position (posterior spine) than at other positions (odds ratio: 3.82, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-12.5, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Posterior spine contributes to an improved diagnostic rate in first-trimester CHD screening. In addition, sonographers must recognize that low maternal BMI is a risk factor of false-negative results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasonics","volume":" ","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiguna Sei Okawa, Shinpei Okawa, Hidenori Sasa, Miya Ishihara
{"title":"Clinical application of photoacoustic imaging for cervical precursor lesion detection.","authors":"Kiguna Sei Okawa, Shinpei Okawa, Hidenori Sasa, Miya Ishihara","doi":"10.1007/s10396-024-01501-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10396-024-01501-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Early diagnosis of a precursor lesion in the uterine cervix is an essential factor in uterine cervical cancer prevention. Although colposcopy is an established procedure for detecting high-risk patients, its accuracy and reproducibility are relatively low. Some supportive or alternative techniques to improve the early diagnosis of a precursor lesion have been studied, and correct diagnosis with high reliability using a minimally invasive, cost-effective technique has been pursued. This study aimed to examine the possibility of using photoacoustic (PA) imaging as a supportive technique to improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of cervical precursor lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PA imaging system for microvessels was used to detect angiogenesis in severe lesions. A total of 21 patients who underwent surgical treatment and 114 outpatients who visited our colposcopy clinic were examined. A retrospective evaluation of PA images was performed as follows: (i) pathological assessment of the specific PA findings and (ii) retrospective evaluation of the severe lesion detection rate through PA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PA image evaluation and pathological findings showed dense angiogenesis in a severe precursor lesion appearing as a \"hot spot\" in the PA image. A comparison with colposcopy findings was performed for accuracy evaluation, and the detection rate of severe lesions using PA was relatively high (positive predictive value, 84.5%; negative predictive value, 82.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate the possibility of using PA imaging for early diagnosis of severe cervical precursor lesions. With its ability to yield quantitative information, PA imaging can improve ultrasound diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasonics","volume":" ","pages":"119-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convolutional neural network classification of ultrasound parametric images based on echo-envelope statistics for the quantitative diagnosis of liver steatosis.","authors":"Akiho Isshiki, Kisako Fujiwara, Takayuki Kondo, Kenji Yoshida, Tadashi Yamaguchi, Shinnosuke Hirata","doi":"10.1007/s10396-024-01509-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10396-024-01509-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Early detection and quantitative evaluation of liver steatosis are crucial. Therefore, this study investigated a method for classifying ultrasound images to fatty liver grades based on echo-envelope statistics (ES) and convolutional neural network (CNN) analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three fatty liver grades, i.e., normal, mild, and moderate-to-severe, were defined using the thresholds of the magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). There were 10 cases of each grade, totaling 30 cases. To visualize the texture information affected by the deposition of fat droplets within the liver, the maps of first- and fourth-order moments and the heat maps formed from both moments were employed as parametric images derived from the ES. Several dozen to hundreds of regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted from the liver region in each parametric image. A total of 7680 ROIs were utilized for the transfer learning of a pretrained VGG-16 and classified using the transfer-learned VGG-16.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The classification accuracies of the ROIs in all types of the parametric images were approximately 46%. The fatty liver grade for each case was determined by hard voting on the classified ROIs within the case. In the case of the fourth-order moment maps, the classification accuracy of the cases through hard voting mostly increased to approximately 63%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The formation of parametric images derived from the ES and the CNN classification of the parametric images were proposed for the quantitative diagnosis of liver steatosis. In more than 60% of the cases, the fatty liver grade could be estimated solely using ultrasound images.</p>","PeriodicalId":50130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasonics","volume":" ","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An approach for EUS-guided FNAB for suspected gallbladder malignancy.","authors":"Avinash Tiwari, Duncan Khanikar, Malay Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10396-024-01479-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10396-024-01479-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ultrasonics","volume":" ","pages":"687-688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}