WIREs Water最新文献

{"title":"Geophysics as a hypothesis‐testing tool for critical zone hydrogeology","authors":"Marc Dumont, Kamini Singha","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1732","url":null,"abstract":"Geophysical methods have long been used in earth and environmental science for the characterization of subsurface properties. While imaging the subsurface opens the “black box” of subsurface heterogeneity, we argue here that these tools can be used in a more powerful way than characterization, which is to develop and test hypotheses. Critical zone science has opened new questions and hypotheses in the hydrologic sciences holistically around controls on water fluxes between surface, biological, and underground compartments. While groundwater flows can be monitored in boreholes, water fluxes from the atmosphere to the aquifer through the soil and the root system are more complex to study than boreholes can inform upon. Here, we focus on the successful application of various geophysical tools to explore hypotheses in critical zone hydrogeology and highlight areas where future contributions could be made. Specifically, we look at questions around subsurface structural controls on flow, the dimensionality and partitioning of those flows in the subsurface, plant water uptake, and how geophysics may be used to constrain reactive transport. We also outline areas of future research that may push the boundaries of how geophysical methods are used to quantify critical zone complexity.This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\"> <jats:list-item>Water and Life &gt; Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Hydrological Processes</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Water and Life &gt; Methods</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and challenges for precipitation forcing data in post‐wildfire hydrologic modeling applications","authors":"Trevor F. Partridge, Zachary C. Johnson, Rachel R. Sleeter, Sharon L. Qi, Michelle A. Walvoord, Sheila F. Murphy, Cara Peterman‐Phipps, Brian A. Ebel","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1728","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency and extent of wildfires have increased in recent decades with immediate and cascading effects on water availability in many regions of the world. Precipitation is used as primary input to hydrologic models and is a critical driver of post‐wildfire hydrologic hazards including debris flows, flash floods, water‐quality effects, and reservoir sedimentation. These models are valuable tools for understanding the hydrologic response to wildfire but require accurate precipitation data at suitable spatial and temporal resolutions. Wildfires often occur in data‐sparse, headwater catchments in complex terrain, and post‐wildfire hydrologic effects are particularly sensitive to high‐intensity, short‐duration precipitation events, which are highly variable and difficult to measure or estimate. Therefore, the assessment and prediction of wildfire‐induced changes to watershed hydrology, including the associated effects on ecosystems and communities, are complicated by uncertainty in precipitation data. When direct measurements of precipitation are not available, datasets of indirect measurements or estimates are often used. Choosing the most appropriate precipitation dataset can be difficult as different datasets have unique trade‐offs in terms of spatial and temporal accuracy, resolution, and completeness. Here, we outline the challenges and opportunities associated with different precipitation datasets as they apply to post‐wildfire hydrologic models and modeling objectives. We highlight the need for expanded precipitation gage deployment in wildfire‐prone areas and discuss potential opportunities for future research and the integration of precipitation data from disparate sources into a common hydrologic modeling framework.This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\"> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Hydrological Processes</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Methods</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Water and Environmental Change</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating transformational change in flood resilience strategies","authors":"Kerri McClymont, Lindsay Beevers, Melissa Bedinger, Guy Walker","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1722","url":null,"abstract":"Flood hazards are increasing as a result of climate change and growing urbanization. Research has shown that people who are socially vulnerable are more exposed to flood risk. Flood disadvantage that exists today is projected to continue in the future: it is stubborn. We present a bold new research agenda for exploring how different physical, social, institutional, and natural resources interact in urban areas to influence social opportunities over time. These interactions must be modeled to understand how the flood-affected area is degraded, in terms of the functions it provides, as a result of varying levels and frequency of flood exposure. Nesting flood exposure within a wider functional view of urban environments enables a place-based, systems approach to resilience. It reveals the underlying mechanisms—and potential remediations—for spatial inequalities. In doing so resilience strategies can be designed to transform the current trajectory of stubborn disadvantage to flooding.","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying anthropogenic legacy in freshwater ecosystems","authors":"Marta Antonelli, Patrick Laube, Michael Doering, Victoria Scherelis, Sidi Wu, Lorenz Hurni, Magnus Heitzler, Christine Weber","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1729","url":null,"abstract":"The legacy of historic anthropogenic disturbance can significantly affect the structure and function of contemporary freshwater ecosystems. Environmental research and management that neglect anthropogenic legacy are likely to lead to a biased interpretation of present and future ecosystem dynamics. Yet, anthropogenic legacy remains poorly considered, mainly because of the challenges associated with its identification. Synthesizing past progress in legacy research, we present a conceptual framework for the systematic identification of anthropogenic legacy. We focus on the dynamic processes occurring during legacy formation (e.g., disturbance regime, ecosystem trajectories). Based on the review of relevant case studies, we discuss the historical and contemporary sources of information (e.g., communication, cartographic, paleoenvironmental sources) that can be employed for legacy identification. Finally, we provide practical examples of anthropogenic legacy identification in real‐world freshwater ecosystems. Produced in multidisciplinary collaboration, this review presents a comprehensive approach to anthropogenic legacy to foster its informed and systematic consideration in freshwater research and management.This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\"> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Water and Environmental Change</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Water and Life &gt; Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140196866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the divide between inland water quantity and quality with satellite remote sensing: An interdisciplinary review","authors":"Emily A. Ellis, George H. Allen, Ryan M. Riggs, Huilin Gao, Yao Li, Cayelan C. Carey","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1725","url":null,"abstract":"The quantity and quality of surface water are inherently connected yet are overwhelmingly studied separately in the field of remote sensing. Remotely observable water quantity (e.g., water extent, water elevation, lake/reservoir volume, and river discharge) and water quality (e.g., color, turbidity, total suspended solids, chlorophyll <i>a</i>, colored dissolved organic matter, and temperature) parameters of inland waterbodies interact through a series of hydrological and biogeochemical processes. In this review, we analyzed trends in remote sensing publications to understand the prevalence of studies on the quantity versus quality of open-surface inland waterbodies (rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs) as well as identified opportunities for integrating both water quality and quantity sensing in future work. Our bibliometric analysis found that despite the increasing number of publications using remote sensing for inland waterbodies, few studies to date have used remote sensing tools or approaches to simultaneously study water quantity and quality. Ultimately, by providing insights into potential integration of the water quality and quantity studies, we aim to identify a pathway to advance the understanding of inland water dynamics and freshwater resources through remote sensing.","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect-based methods in cultured cells—Valuable tools for detection of chemical hazards in drinking water","authors":"Johan Lundqvist, Agneta Oskarsson","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1730","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical contamination of drinking water is of great concern for public health. Chemical analyses are used for monitoring of selected chemicals, however, no information on unknown chemicals or potential toxicity of the mixture of chemicals in a water sample is obtained. Effect-based methods in cells are new high throughput tools, to evaluate the hazard of the whole mixture of chemicals present in drinking water. These methods can be used together with chemical analysis for assessment of the chemical safety of drinking water. This article will review the principle of effect-based methods in cells and how they compare to traditionally used chemical analysis and effect-based methods in whole organisms. Further, this article will give examples from the literature, highlighting how cellular effect-based methods can be used in different practical applications to improve drinking water safety; for example, for monitoring of drinking water quality and evaluation of treatment efficiency in drinking water processing. Finally, this article will review the current regulatory and water sector acceptance of these methods and discuss future expectations on the role of effect-based methods for improved drinking water safety.","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a common methodological framework for the sampling, extraction, and isotopic analysis of water in the Critical Zone to study vegetation water use","authors":"Natalie Ceperley, Teresa E. Gimeno, Suzanne R. Jacobs, Matthias Beyer, Maren Dubbert, Benjamin Fischer, Josie Geris, Ladislav Holko, Angelika Kübert, Samuel Le Gall, Marco M. Lehmann, Pilar Llorens, Cody Millar, Daniele Penna, Iván Prieto, Jesse Radolinski, Francesca Scandellari, Michael Stockinger, Christine Stumpp, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Ilja van Meerveld, Christiane Werner, Oktay Yildiz, Giulia Zuecco, Adrià Barbeta, Natalie Orlowski, Youri Rothfuss","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1727","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the stable isotopic composition of hydrogen and oxygen in water samples from soils and plants can help to identify sources of vegetation water uptake. This approach requires that the heterogeneous nature of plant and soil matrices is carefully accounted for during experimental design, sample collection, water extraction and analyses. The comparability and shortcomings of the different methods for extracting water and analyzing isotopic composition have been discussed in specialized literature. Yet, despite insightful comparisons of extraction methods and benchmarking methodologies of laboratories worldwide, the community still lacks a roadmap to guide sample collection, extraction, and isotopic analyses, and many practical issues for potential users remain unresolved: for example, which (soil or plant) water pool(s) does the extracted water represent? These constitute a hurdle for the implementation of the approach by newcomers. Here, we summarize discussions led in the framework of the COST Action WATSON (“WATer isotopeS in the critical zONe: from groundwater recharge to plant transpiration”—CA19120). We provide guidelines for (1) sampling soil and plant material for isotopic analysis, (2) methods for laboratory or in situ water extraction, and (3) measurements of isotopic composition. We highlight the importance of considering the process chain as a whole, from experimental design to isotopic analysis to minimize biased estimates of the relative contribution of different water sources to plant water uptake. We conclude by acknowledging some of the limitations of this methodology and advice on the collection of key environmental parameters prior to sample collection for isotopic analyses.This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\"> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Hydrological Processes</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Water and Environmental Change</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Water Extremes</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising water temperature in rivers: Ecological impacts and future resilience","authors":"Matthew F. Johnson, Lindsey K. Albertson, Adam C. Algar, Stephen J. Dugdale, Patrick Edwards, Judy England, Christopher Gibbins, So Kazama, Daisuke Komori, Andrew D. C. MacColl, Eric A. Scholl, Robert L. Wilby, Fabio de Oliveira Roque, Paul J. Wood","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1724","url":null,"abstract":"Rising water temperatures in rivers due to climate change are already having observable impacts on river ecosystems. Warming water has both direct and indirect impacts on aquatic life, and further aggravates pervasive issues such as eutrophication, pollution, and the spread of disease. Animals can survive higher temperatures through physiological and/or genetic acclimation, behavioral and phenological change, and range shifts to more suitable locations. As such, those animals that are adapted to cool-water regions typically found in high altitudes and latitudes where there are fewer dispersal opportunities are most at risk of future extinction. However, sub-lethal impacts on animal physiology and phenology, body-size, and trophic interactions could have significant population-level effects elsewhere. Rivers are vulnerable to warming because historic management has typically left them exposed to solar radiation through the removal of riparian shade, and hydrologically disconnected longitudinally, laterally, and vertically. The resilience of riverine ecosystems is also limited by anthropogenic simplification of habitats, with implications for the dispersal and resource use of resident organisms. Due to the complex indirect impacts of warming on ecosystems, and the species-specific physiological and behavioral response of organisms to warming, predicting how river ecosystems will change in the future is challenging. Restoring rivers to provide connectivity and heterogeneity of conditions would provide resilience to a range of expected co-occurring pressures, including warming, and should be considered a priority as part of global strategies for climate adaptation and mitigation.","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing river floodplain management with nature‐based solutions: Overcoming barriers and harnessing enablers","authors":"Nikita Christopher, Astrid Vachette, Avril Horne, Anna Kosovac","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1723","url":null,"abstract":"Floodplains are regularly inundated areas of land that provide ecosystem benefits for the entire catchment area, along with numerous benefits for communities making them ideal for human settlement. The management of floodplains involves an ongoing dilemma; how best to balance the need to protect urban settlements from significant flood events with the benefits that inundation brings to the environmental and cultural values of the floodplain. These flood events have been traditionally addressed using technical flood protection measures. However, nature‐based solutions (NbS), provide a potential alternative approach. In this research, we analyze 29 global case studies centered on river floodplain management to investigate the barriers and enablers that affect the implementation of NbS, including floodplain restoration, mangroves, riparian forest restoration, wetland green infrastructure, among other strategies. The aim of this paper is to gain insights into improving floodplain management through the assessment of barriers and enablers evident in these case studies. The barriers and enablers were divided into six categories: social, technical, financial, political, institutional and economic and further into several sub‐divided categories. Social and technical categories were the most commonly described barriers and enablers closely followed by the institutional category. The discussion is centered around four topics: understanding community and decision‐maker risk perceptions, increased focus on stakeholders, managing multiple conflicting objectives, and consideration of multiple spatial scales. Further research on the uptake of NbS needs to focus on addressing risk communication and modeling, managing trade‐offs, and demonstration of delayed benefits.This article is categorized under:<jats:list list-type=\"simple\"> <jats:list-item>Water and Life &gt; Conservation, Management, and Awareness</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Science of Water &gt; Water and Environmental Change</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring drought-to-flood interactions and dynamics: A global case review","authors":"Marlies H. Barendrecht, Alessia Matanó, Heidi Mendoza, Ruben Weesie, Melanie Rohse, Johanna Koehler, Marleen de Ruiter, Margaret Garcia, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts, Philip J. Ward, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Rosie Day, Anne F. Van Loon","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1726","url":null,"abstract":"This study synthesizes the current understanding of the hydrological, impact, and adaptation processes underlying drought-to-flood events (i.e., consecutive drought and flood events), and how they interact. Based on an analysis of literature and a global assessment of historic cases, we show how drought can affect flood risk and assess under which circumstances drought-to-flood interactions can lead to increased or decreased risk. We make a distinction between hydrological, socio-economic and adaptation processes. Hydrological processes include storage and runoff processes, which both seem to mostly play a role when the drought is a multiyear event and when the flood occurs during the drought. However, which process is dominant when and where, and how this is influenced by human intervention needs further research. Processes related to socio-economic impacts have been studied less than hydrological processes, but in general, changes in vulnerability seem to play an important role in increasing or decreasing drought-to-flood impacts. Additionally, there is evidence of increased water quality problems due to drought-to-flood events, when compared to drought or flood events by themselves. Adaptation affects both hydrological (e.g., through groundwater extraction) or socio-economic (e.g., influencing vulnerability) processes. There are many examples of adaptation, but there is limited evidence of when and where certain processes occur and why. Overall, research on drought-to-flood events is scarce. To increase our understanding of drought-to-flood events we need more comprehensive studies on the underlying hydrological, socio-economic, and adaptation processes and their interactions, as well as the circumstances that lead to the dominance of certain processes.","PeriodicalId":501223,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Water","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}