Geophysics as a hypothesis‐testing tool for critical zone hydrogeology

WIREs Water Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI:10.1002/wat2.1732
Marc Dumont, Kamini Singha
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Abstract

Geophysical methods have long been used in earth and environmental science for the characterization of subsurface properties. While imaging the subsurface opens the “black box” of subsurface heterogeneity, we argue here that these tools can be used in a more powerful way than characterization, which is to develop and test hypotheses. Critical zone science has opened new questions and hypotheses in the hydrologic sciences holistically around controls on water fluxes between surface, biological, and underground compartments. While groundwater flows can be monitored in boreholes, water fluxes from the atmosphere to the aquifer through the soil and the root system are more complex to study than boreholes can inform upon. Here, we focus on the successful application of various geophysical tools to explore hypotheses in critical zone hydrogeology and highlight areas where future contributions could be made. Specifically, we look at questions around subsurface structural controls on flow, the dimensionality and partitioning of those flows in the subsurface, plant water uptake, and how geophysics may be used to constrain reactive transport. We also outline areas of future research that may push the boundaries of how geophysical methods are used to quantify critical zone complexity.This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Water and Life > Methods
地球物理学作为临界区水文地质学的假设检验工具
地球物理方法长期以来一直被用于地球和环境科学中的地下属性表征。虽然地下成像打开了地下异质性的 "黑匣子",但我们在此认为,这些工具可以以比表征更强大的方式使用,即开发和测试假设。临界区科学从整体上围绕地表、生物和地下之间的水流控制,为水文科学提出了新的问题和假设。虽然地下水流可以通过钻孔进行监测,但从大气通过土壤和根系进入含水层的水通量的研究比钻孔所能提供的信息更为复杂。在此,我们将重点介绍成功应用各种地球物理工具探索临界区水文地质学假说的情况,并强调未来可以做出贡献的领域。具体来说,我们探讨了地下结构对水流的控制、地下水流的维度和分区、植物吸水以及如何利用地球物理制约反应性迁移等问题。我们还概述了未来的研究领域,这些领域可能会推动地球物理方法用于量化临界区复杂性:水与生命> 淡水生态系统的性质 水科学> 水文过程 水与生命> 方法
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