Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neuropathic pain-like responses in a chronic CNS injury model are mediated by corticospinal-targeted spinal interneurons.","authors":"Xiaofei Guan,Yanjie Zhu,Jian Zhong,Edmund Hollis","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1264-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1264-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic neuropathic pain is a persistent and debilitating outcome of traumatic central nervous system injury, affecting up to 80% of individuals. Post-injury pain is refractory to treatments due to the limited understanding of the brain-spinal cord circuits that underlie pain signal processing. The corticospinal tract (CST) plays critical roles in sensory modulation during skilled movements and tactile sensation; however, a direct role for the CST in injury-associated neuropathic pain is unclear. Here we show that complete, selective CST transection at the medullary pyramids leads to hyperexcitability within lumbar deep dorsal horn and hindlimb allodynia-like behavior in chronically injured adult male and female mice. Chemogenetic regulation of CST-targeted lumbar spinal interneurons demonstrates that dysregulation of activity in this circuit underlies the development of tactile allodynia in chronic injury. Our findings shed light on an unrecognized circuit mechanism implicated in CNS injury-induced neuropathic pain and provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention.Significance Statement CNS injury-induced neuropathic pain affects millions of people worldwide. A significant challenge in developing efficient therapeutics is the lack of suitable animal models that accurately replicate key features of human conditions, such as chronic onset of allodynia. We found a nuanced temporal evolution of sensory responses following a selective corticospinal tract (CST) lesion. Initially, there was a reduced tactile response, which later progressed to an exaggerated response characterized by increased mechanical hypersensitivity, a key feature of allodynia. We further identified a heterogenous population of CST-targeted spinal interneurons in the deep dorsal horn that modulate tactile sensory responses. These findings reveal a pivotal role for the CST in the development of CNS injury-induced chronic neuropathic pain.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Neural Dynamics in the Auditory Telencephalon of Crows using Functional Ultrasound Imaging.","authors":"Diana A Liao,Eva Schwarzbach,Andreas Nieder","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0016-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0016-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"Crows, renowned for advanced cognitive abilities and vocal communication, rely on intricate auditory systems. While the neuroanatomy of corvid auditory pathways is partially explored, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are largely unknown. This study used functional ultrasound imaging (fUSi) to investigate sound-induced cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes in the field L complex of the auditory telencephalon in two female crows. FUSi revealed frequency-specific CBV responses, showing a tonotopic organization within the field L complex, with low frequencies in posterior dorsal region and high frequencies in the anterior ventral region. Machine learning analyses showed fUSi signals could be used to classify sound types accurately, in both awake and anesthetized states. Variable CBV responses to longer sound stimuli suggest a delineation of subregions within the field L complex. Together, these findings highlight the potential of fUSi for providing high-resolution insights into functional systems in corvids, enabling future exploration of experimental task-related cognitive dynamics.Significance Statement This study highlights the use of functional ultrasound imaging (fUSi) to explore auditory processing in crows, marking the first application of this technique in songbirds. By revealing the frequency map of the crow's auditory system and demonstrating the ability of fUSi to classify sound types, the research uncovers the neural dynamics supporting complex auditory functions. The findings suggest conserved auditory organization across avian species and provide insights into the evolution of audio-vocal behaviors in birds. This work paves the way for future studies on the neural underpinnings of cognition and communication in corvids, offering significant implications for comparative neuroscience and neuroethology.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HDAC3 Serine 424 phospho-mimic and phospho-null mutants bidirectionally modulate long-term memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the adult and aging mouse brain.","authors":"Alyssa C Rodriguez,Emiko A Kramár,Agatha S Augustynski,Ashley A Keiser,Tri N Dong,Tamara S Jones,Shanya N Vakilian,Sasha T Patel,Jacob S Rounds,Carlene A Chinn,Janine L Kwapis,Dina P Matheos,Marcelo A Wood","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1619-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1619-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term memory formation is negatively regulated by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a transcriptional repressor. Emerging evidence suggests that post-translational phosphorylation of HDAC3 at its serine 424 (S424) residue is critical for its deacetylase activity in transcription. However, it remains unknown if HDAC3 S424 phosphorylation regulates the ability of HDAC3 to modulate long-term memory formation. To examine the functionality of S424, we expressed an HDAC3-S424D phospho-mimic mutant (constitutively active form) or an HDAC3-S424A phospho-null mutant (deacetylase dead form) in the dorsal hippocampus of mice. We assessed the functional consequence of these mutants on long-term memory (LTM) formation and long-term potentiation (LTP) in young adult male mice. We also assessed whether the HDAC3-S424A mutant could ameliorate age-related deficits in LTM and LTP in aging male and female mice. Results demonstrate that young adult male mice expressing the HDAC3-S424D phospho-mimic mutant in dorsal hippocampus exhibit significantly impaired LTM and LTP. In contrast, the HDAC3-S424A phospho-null mutant expressed in the hippocampus of young adult male mice enabled the transformation of subthreshold learning into robust LTM and enhanced LTP. Similarly, expression of the HDAC3-S424A mutant enabled LTM formation and enhanced LTP in aging male and aging female mice. Overall, these findings demonstrate that HDAC3 S424 is a pivotal residue that has the ability to bidirectionally regulate synaptic plasticity and LTM formation in the adult and aging brain.Significance statement Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is a negative regulator of synaptic plasticity and memory. However, the mechanism that regulates HDAC3 activity remains poorly understood. This study demonstrates the pivotal nature of Serine 424 of HDAC3 to bidirectionally regulate long-term potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity, and long-term memory formation. Serine 424 is a phosphorylation site, suggesting that phosphorylation of HDAC3 is a key regulatory mechanism controlling its regulation of gene expression required for long-term memory. Indeed, expression of a Serine 424 phospho-null in the aging brain ameliorated age-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity and long-term memory deficits in aging male and aging female mice. Thus, this study provides new insight into the regulation of HDAC3 activity involved in cognitive processes.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"640 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it me or the train moving? Humans resolve sensory conflicts with a nonlinear feedback mechanism in balance control.","authors":"Lorenz Assländer, Matthias Albrecht, Markus Gruber, Robert J Peterka","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2303-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2303-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans use multiple sensory systems to estimate body orientation in space. Sensory contributions change depending on context. A predominant concept for the underlying multisensory integration (MSI) is the linear summation of weighted inputs from individual sensory systems. Changes of sensory contributions are typically attributed to some mechanism explicitly adjusting weighting factors. We provide evidence for a conceptually different mechanism that performs a multisensory correction if the reference of a sensory input moves in space without the need to explicitly change sensory weights. The correction is based on a reconstruction of the sensory reference frame motion (RFM) and automatically corrects erroneous inputs, e.g., when looking at a moving train. The proposed RFM estimator contains a nonlinear dead-zone that blocks corrections at slow velocities. We first demonstrate that this mechanism accounts for the apparent changes in sensory contributions. Secondly, using a balance control model, we show predictions of specific distortions in body sway responses to perturbations caused by this nonlinearity. Experiments measuring sway responses of 24 subjects (13 female, 11 male) to visual scene movements confirmed these predictions. The findings indicate that the central nervous system resolves sensory conflicts by an internal reconstruction of the cause of the conflict. Thus, the mechanism links the concept of causal inference to shifts in sensory contributions, providing a cohesive picture of MSI for the estimation of body orientation in space.<b>Significance statement</b> How the central nervous system (CNS) constructs body orientation in space from multiple sensory inputs is a fundamental question in neuroscience. It is a prerequisite to maintain balance, navigate and interact with the world. To estimate body orientation, the CNS dynamically changes the contribution of individual sensory inputs depending on context and reliability of the cues. However, it is not clear how the CNS achieves these dynamic changes. The findings in our study resolve major aspects of this question. Importantly, the proposed solution using nonlinear multisensory feedback contrasts with traditional approaches assuming context-dependent gain-scaling of individual inputs. Thus, our findings demonstrate how complex, intelligent, and unintuitive behavior can emerge from a comparably simple nonlinear feedback mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oddball evoked deviant responses reflect complex context dependent expectations in mouse V1.","authors":"Scott G Knudstrup, Catalina Martinez Reyes, Cambria M Jensen, Rachel W Schecter, Mac Kenzie Frank, Jeffrey P Gavornik","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1859-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1859-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evoked responses in the mouse primary visual cortex can be modulated by the temporal context in which visual inputs are presented. Oddball stimuli embedded in a sequence of regularly repeated visual elements have been shown to drive relatively large deviant responses, a finding that is generally consistent with the theory that cortical circuits implement a form of predictive coding. These results can be confounded by short-term adaptation effects, however, that make interpretation difficult. Here we use various forms of the oddball paradigm to disentangle temporal and ordinal components of the deviant response, showing that it is a complex phenomenon affected by temporal structure, ordinal expectation, and event frequency. Specifically, we use visually evoked potentials to show that deviant responses occur over a large range of time in male and female mice, cannot be explained by a simple adaptation model, scale with predictability, and are modulated by violations of both first and second-order sequential expectations. We also show that visual sequences can lead to long-term plasticity in some circumstances.<b>Significance Statement</b> Visual experience and temporal context can modulate evoked responses in mouse V1. There remains disagreement about whether this reflects predictive coding in visual circuits and whether visual mismatched negativity, which has important cross-over implications for human clinical work, constitutes evidence supporting this theory or reflects simple neural adaptation. This work strongly supports the former interpretation by demonstrating complex experience-dependent deviant responses that cannot be easily explained by a simple adaptation model. We use statistically rigorous analysis of the local field potential to show that oddball evoked deviance signals reflect relative timing, event frequency, 1^st and 2^nd order sequence expectations and scale as a function of event probability.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples Decrease during Physical Actions Including Consummatory Behavior in Immobile Rodents.","authors":"Tomomi Sakairi, Masanori Kawabata, Alain Rios, Yutaka Sakai, Yoshikazu Isomura","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0080-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0080-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are intermittent, fast synchronous oscillations that play a pivotal role in memory formation. It has been well established that SWRs occur during \"consummatory behaviors,\" e.g., eating or drinking a reward for correct action. However, most of typical behavioral experiments using freely moving rodents have not rigorously distinguished between the act of eating/drinking (regardless of consummation or consumption) from stopping locomotion (immobility). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the occurrence of SWRs during a reward-seeking action and subsequent consummatory reward licking in constantly immobile rats (male and female) maintained under head fixation and body covering. Immobile rats performed a pedal hold-release action that was rewarded with water every other time (false and true consummation). Unexpectedly, the SWRs remarkably decreased during reward licking as well as pedal release action. Untrained rats also showed a similar SWR decrease during water licking. Conversely, SWRs gradually increased during the pedal hold period, which was enhanced by reward expectation. A cluster of hippocampal neurons responded to cue/pedal release and reward, as previously shown. Some other clusters exhibited spike activity changes similar to the SWR occurrence, i.e., decreasing during the pedal release action and reward licking, and enhanced by reward expectation during pedal hold period. These task event-responsive neurons and SWR-like neurons displayed stronger spiking synchrony with SWRs than task-unrelated neurons. These findings suggest that the hippocampus generates SWRs, which may associate action with outcome, in \"relative immobility\" (action pauses) rather than specific consummation or consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Optogenetic Tool to Investigate the Role of Dopamine Signaling in the Basal Ganglia.","authors":"Gabriel S Rocha,Marco Aurelio M Freire","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0294-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0294-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Functional Anatomy of Nociception: Effective Connectivity in Chronic Pain and Placebo Response.","authors":"Sanjeev Nara, Marwan N Baliki, Karl J Friston, Dipanjan Ray","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1447-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1447-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain presents a widespread and complex clinical puzzle, necessitating theoretical approaches. This study expands upon our evolving comprehension of the brain's top-down information processing, encompassing functions such as prediction, expectation, and attention. These processes are believed to play a substantial role in shaping both chronic pain and placebo responses. To examine hierarchical cortical processing in pain, we define a minimal cortical pain network comprising the lateral frontal pole, the primary somatosensory cortex, and posterior insula. Using spectral dynamic causal modeling on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we compare effective connectivity among these regions in chronic osteoarthritic patients (<i>n</i> = 54) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 18), and further analyze differences in placebo responders and non-responders within the patient group. Our findings reveal distinct patterns of altered top-down, bottom-up, and recurrent (i.e., intrinsic) effective connectivity within the network in chronic pain and placebo response. Specifically, recurrent connectivity within the lateral frontal pole becomes more inhibitory, while backward connectivity (higher-to-lower cortical regions) decreases in both pain perceivers and placebo responders. Conversely, forward connections show opposite patterns: nociception is associated with more excitatory (disinhibited) connections, whereas placebo responses correspond to more inhibitory forward connections. The associated effect sizes were sufficiently large to survive a leave-one-out cross-validation analysis of predictive validity. The observed alterations are consistent with predictive processing accounts of placebo effects and chronic pain. Overall, effective extrinsic and intrinsic connectivity among cortical regions involved in pain processing emerge as potentially valuable and quantifiable markers of pain perception and placebo response.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Olfactory Dysfunction and Abnormal Odor Memory in Immune-Challenged <i>Disc1^+/-</i> Mice.","authors":"Fiona Parbst, Johanna K Kostka, Anne Günther, Yu-Nan Chen, Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz, Sebastian H Bitzenhofer","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1007-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1007-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) drives coordinated activity in the hippocampal-prefrontal network during early development. Inhibiting OB output in neonatal mice disrupts functional development of the hippocampal formation as well as cognitive abilities. These impairments manifest early in life and resemble dysfunctions of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex that have been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, we investigated OB activity during early development in a disease mouse model and asked whether activity disruptions might contribute to the dysfunctional development of the hippocampal-prefrontal network. We addressed this question by combining in vivo electrophysiology with behavioral assessment of immune-challenged <i>Disc1^+/-</i> mice of both sexes that mimic the dual genetic-environmental etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In wild-type mice, we found high DISC1 expression levels in OB projection neurons during development. Furthermore, neuronal and network activity in the OB and the drive from the bulb to the hippocampal-prefrontal network were reduced in immune-challenged <i>Disc1^+/-</i> mice during early development. This early deficit did not affect odor-evoked activity and odor perception but resulted in impaired long-term odor memory. We propose that reduced spontaneous activity in the developing OB might contribute to altered maturation of the hippocampal-prefrontal network, leading to memory impairment in immune-challenged <i>Disc1^+/-</i> mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG correlates of active removal from working memory.","authors":"Jiangang Shan, Bradley R Postle","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2414-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2414-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The removal of no-longer-relevant information from visual working memory (WM) is important for the functioning of WM, given its severe capacity limitation. Previously, with an \"ABC-retrocuing\" WM task, we have shown that removing information can be accomplished in different ways: by simply withdrawing attention from the newly irrelevant memory item (IMI; i.e., via \"passive removal\"); or by or \"actively\" removing the IMI from WM (Shan and Postle, 2022). Here, to investigate the neural mechanisms behind active removal, we recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from human subjects (both sexes) performing the ABC-retrocuing task. Specifically, we tested the hijacked adaptation model, which posits that active removal is accomplished by a top-down-triggered down-modulation of the gain of perceptual circuits, such that sensory channels tuned to the to-be-removed information become less sensitive. Behaviorally, analyses revealed that, relative to passive removal, active removal produced a decline in the familiarity landscape centered on the IMI. Neurally, we focused on two epochs of the task, corresponding to the triggering, and to the consequence, of active removal. With regard to triggering, we observed a stronger anterior-to-posterior traveling wave for active versus passive removal. With regard to the consequence(s) of removal, the response to a task-irrelevant \"ping\" was reduced for active removal, as assessed with ERP, suggesting that active removal led to decreased excitability in perceptual circuits centered on the IMI.<b>Significance Statement</b> The removal of no-longer-relevant information from working memory is critical for the flexible control of behavior. However, to our knowledge, the only explicit accounts of this operation describe the simple withdrawal of attention from that information (i.e., \"passive removal\"). Here, with measurements of behavior and electroencephalography (EEG), we provide evidence for a specific mechanism for the active removal of information from WM-hijacked adaptation-via the top-down triggering of an adaptation-like down-regulation of gain of the perceptual circuits tuned to the to-be-removed information. These results may have implications for disorders of mental health, including rumination, intrusion of negative thoughts, and hallucination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}