Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neural signatures of flexible multiple timing.","authors":"Shahar Haim,Nir Ofir,Leon Y Deouell,Ayelet N Landau,Eran Lottem","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2041-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2041-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"The human ability to track overlapping and asynchronous time intervals is crucial for a myriad of tasks, from engaging in conversation to driving a car. Additionally, unexpected events can trigger rapid, on-the-fly adjustments, necessitating quick updating of both timing intervals and action planning. Such events require immediate recalibration of decision variables to allow the system to promptly adapt to new stimuli and update the timing mechanisms accordingly. In this study, we assessed human male and female participants' ability to track two simultaneous and asynchronous beep trains and determine which one ended first. Due to the stochastic nature of the beeps, participants frequently had to reorient their intended actions in order to identify which train was more likely to have ended. We found that they were able to do this accurately, demonstrating timing performance that was comparable to that of a single train. At the neural level, we recorded slowly evolving EEG potentials that encoded a single interval, the one associated with the currently intended action. Upon an intention switch, when participants had to reorient to a previously unintended action, the EEG response amplitude was reset to reflect the new intended interval. In contrast, when participants were instructed to disregard one of the beep trains, EEG responses solely reflected the intervals of the sequence they attended to. This flexibility in response highlights the brain's ability to dynamically reconfigure cognitive processes in real-time, ensuring that actions remain contextually appropriate despite sudden changes in the environment.Significance statement The human brain exhibits a remarkable ability to track temporal patterns and rapidly adjust timing and action plans in response to unexpected events. Using a novel task, we show that humans can flexibly process two independent, asynchronous sound trains and accurately determine which ends first. The unpredictable nature of the stimuli required frequent shifts in participants' intentions and adjustments in timing. EEG recordings reveal neural signals that mirror this adaptability, dynamically aligning with behavioral changes. These findings highlight the brain's capacity for real-time cognitive flexibility in response to sudden environmental changes, offering new insights into the mechanisms of complex timing behavior.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention alters population spatial frequency tuning.","authors":"Luis D Ramirez,Feiyi Wang,Sam Ling","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0251-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0251-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial frequency (SF) selectivity serves as a fundamental building block within the visual system, determining what we can and cannot see. Attention is theorized to augment the visibility of items in our environment by changing how we process SFs. However, the specific neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear, particularly in humans. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure voxel-wise population SF tuning (pSFT), which allowed us to examine how attention alters the SF response profiles of neural populations in early visual cortex (V1-V3). In the scanner, participants (5 female, 3 male) were cued to covertly attend to one of two spatially competing letter streams, each defined by low or high SF content. This task promoted feature-based attention directed to a particular SF, as well as the suppression of the irrelevant stream's SF. Concurrently, we measured pSFT in a task-irrelevant hemifield to examine how the known spatial spread of feature-based attention influenced the SF tuning properties of neurons sampled within a voxel. We discovered that attention elicited attractive shifts in SF preference, towards the attended SF. This suggests that attention can profoundly influence populations of SF preference across the visual field, depending on task goals and native neural preferences.Significance Statement The spatial frequency (SF) preference of neural populations in early visual cortex governs the coarse and fine details we can see. However, the brain is limited in what it can process, requiring selective attention to prioritize relevant over irrelevant details. Although SF is fundamental to visual processing, it remains unclear how selective attention to SF alters population-level responses to SF. Using fMRI, we measured SF preferences in V1-V3 while participants deployed feature-based attention to one of two competing stimuli solely defined by their SF. We found that attention produced attractive shifts in preferences across the visual field, towards the attended SF, demonstrating that voluntary attention can flexibly reshape SF preferences in early visual cortex.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microglia supports both the singular form of LTP expressed by the lateral perforant path and episodic memory.","authors":"J Chavez,A A Le,J Quintanilla,J C Lauterborn,Y Jia,A M Tagne,H L Lee,K M Jung,D Piomelli,G Lynch,C M Gall","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1322-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1322-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"We report here that microglia exert a surprisingly discrete but functionally critical influence on synaptic plasticity in mouse hippocampus. Treatment of adult male mice with colony stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist PLX5622 (PLX), with resultant depletion of forebrain microglia, did not disturb basal synaptic transmission at four synaptic connections in hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was also intact for three of these sites, but the singular, endocannabinoid-dependent form of LTP expressed by lateral perforant path (LPP) input to the dentate gyrus (DG) was severely impaired. The LPP-LTP defect occurred in conjunction with a pronounced increase in DG (but not neocortical) levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), the retrograde (spine-to-terminal) endocannabinoid messenger that initiates LPP-LTP. Despite this, concentrations of the 2-AG synthetic enzyme diacylglycerol lipase were not affected by PLX treatment. Synaptic levels of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor, which mediates 2-AG effects on LPP-LTP, were similarly unaffected. Prior work has implicated the LPP in episodic memory. We determined that the LPP-LTP impairment in PLX-treated mice was accompanied by a failure to acquire the three basic elements of an episode: the identities, locations, and presentation order for a collection of olfactory cues. Treatment with JZL184, which inhibits the 2-AG degradative enzyme monoglyceride lipase, restored both LPP-LTP and episodic 'What' encoding in PLX-treated mice. We conclude that microglia selectively regulate endocannabinoid transmission at the LPP-DG synapse and thereby potently influence synaptic plasticity at the initial stage of a cortico-hippocampal circuit that is critical for episodic memory.Significance Statement There has been considerable interest in microglial involvement in the moment-to-moment operations of the brain. However, the present studies show that, with one prominent exception, treatments that significantly deplete forebrain microglia have no detectable influence on synaptic operations at multiple sites within hippocampus. Nevertheless, long-term potentiation was selectively disrupted within the lateral perforant path, a primary cortical input to hippocampus. Relatedly, microglial depletion was associated with severe impairments in encoding the principal components of episodic memory. These results indicate microglial influences on synaptic transmission are surprising discrete and yet essential for orderly cognition.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Topological Changes in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Associations with Amyloid Stages.","authors":"Xueyan Jiang,Mingkai Zhang,Chuyao Yan,Marcel Daamen,Henning Boecker,Feng Yue,Frank Jessen,Xiaochen Hu,Ying Han","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2310-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2310-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how amyloid burden affects structural and functional brain network topology in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a risk condition for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Functional and structural brain networks were analyzed in 100 individuals with SCD and 86 normal controls (both sexes included) using resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. Topological properties of brain networks were evaluated as indicators of information exchange efficiency and network robustness. Amyloid burden in 55 SCD participants was measured using amyloid PET imaging and a frequency-based staging method, which defined global and regional amyloid burden for four anatomical stages. Compared to normal controls, individuals with SCD exhibited increased functional nodal efficiency and structural nodal betweenness in the left anterior and median cingulate gyri, with no differences in network-level properties. Amyloid staging revealed four cortical divisions: stage 1, fusiform and lateral temporal gyri; stage 2, occipital areas; stage 3, default mode network (DMN), midline brain and lateral frontotemporal areas; and stage 4, the remaining cortex. The global and regional amyloid burden of each cortical stage were positively associated with the node-level properties of a set of DMN hubs, with the left anterior and posterior cingulate gyri being congruently associated with all amyloid stages. These findings suggest that amyloid burden continuously influences network adaptations through DMN hubs, irrespective of local proximity to pathology. Increased nodal properties in cortical hubs may reflect heightened information-processing demands during early amyloid deposition in this population at risk for AD.Significance Statement Amyloid spreads throughout the cortex in AD. It is unclear whether early amyloid deposition may trigger system-level network reorganization in SCD who are at risk for AD. We examined the brain topology alterations in SCD and its relationship with amyloid deposition at different cortical stages. We found increased node-level topological properties, in the core default mode network region (i.e., the cingulate cortex) in SCD. Increasing regional amyloid load at all stages showed consistent associations with the increasing node-level topological properties of the cingulate cortex in SCD. Our findings suggest that amyloid deposition impacts the system-level network adaptation via the cingulate cortex already at the very early stage and is unlikely to have a local effect in this AD risk population.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mef2c Controls Postnatal Callosal Axon Targeting by Regulating Sensitivity to Ephrin Repulsion.","authors":"Sriram Sudarsanam, Luis E Guzman-Clavel, Nyle Dar, Jakub Ziak, Naseer Shahid, Xinyu O Jin, Alex L Kolodkin","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0201-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0201-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracortical circuits, including long-range callosal projections, are crucial for information processing. The development of neuronal connectivity in the cerebral cortex is contingent on ordered emergence of neuronal classes followed by the formation of class-specific axon projections. However, the genetic determinants of intracortical axon targeting are still unclear. We find that the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2-c (Mef2c) directs the development of somatosensory cortical (S1) Layer 4 and 5 identity in murine postmitotic pyramidal neurons during embryogenesis. During postnatal development, <i>Mef2c</i> expression shifts to Layer 2/3 callosal projection neurons (L2/3 CPNs). At this later developmental stage, we identify a novel function for <i>Mef2c</i> in contralateral homotopic domain targeting by S1-L2/3 CPN axons. We employ functional manipulation of EphrinA-EphA signaling in <i>Mef2c</i> mutant CPNs and demonstrate that Mef2c represses <i>EphA</i>6 to desensitize S1-L2/3 CPN axons to EphrinA5 repulsion at their contralateral targets. Our work uncovers dual roles for <i>Mef2c</i> in cortical development: regulation of laminar subtype specification during embryogenesis and axon targeting in postnatal callosal neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neocortical and Hippocampal Theta Oscillations Track Audiovisual Integration and Replay of Speech Memories.","authors":"Emmanuel Biau, Danying Wang, Hyojin Park, Ole Jensen, Simon Hanslmayr","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1797-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1797-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Are you talkin' to me?!\" If you ever watched the masterpiece \"Taxi Driver\" directed by Martin Scorsese, you certainly recall the monologue during which Travis Bickle rehearses an imaginary confrontation in front of a mirror. While remembering this scene, you recollect a myriad of speech features across visual and auditory senses with a smooth sensation of unified memory. The aim of this study was to investigate how the fine-grained synchrony between coinciding visual and auditory features impacts brain oscillations when forming multisensory speech memories. We developed a memory task presenting participants with short synchronous or asynchronous movie clips focused on the face of speakers in real interviews, all the while undergoing magnetoencephalography recording. In the synchronous condition, the natural alignment between visual and auditory onsets was kept intact. In the asynchronous condition, auditory onsets were delayed to present lip movements and speech sounds in antiphase specifically with respect to the theta oscillation synchronizing them in the original movie. Our results first showed that theta oscillations in the neocortex and hippocampus were modulated by the level of synchrony between lip movements and syllables during audiovisual speech perception. Second, theta asynchrony between the lip movements and auditory envelope during audiovisual speech perception reduced the accuracy of subsequent theta oscillation reinstatement during memory recollection. We conclude that neural theta oscillations play a pivotal role in both audiovisual integration and memory replay of speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directed Neural Network Dynamics in Sensorimotor Integration: Divergent Roles of Frontal Theta Band Activity Depending on Age.","authors":"Adriana Böttcher,Saskia Wilken,Markus Raab,Sven Hoffmann,Christian Beste","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0427-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0427-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"Sensorimotor integration processes are crucial for daily-life activities, such as grasping objects or driving a car. Theta band activity (TBA) in distributed brain networks is likely essential to perform sensorimotor integration successfully. Directed communication in these brain networks is shaped by brain maturation during adolescence. This study investigates how age-related effects attributable to brain maturation influence directed communication in a theta-associated sensorimotor integration network. We conducted an EEG study with a continuous pursuit-tracking task performed by an adult group (n = 41) and an adolescent group (n = 30), each including both sexes. Both groups show elevated theta-band activity during higher sensorimotor demands. Yet, the adult group outperformed the adolescent group, particularly during higher demands. Further analyses revealed that this is likely due to enhanced directed connectivity between frontal areas and the ventral processing stream in adults, which likely enables effective integration of visual and motor information. Adolescents rely on frontal TBA signaling surprise and prediction error, with no input from ventral stream areas. This might cause lower performance during higher demands. Across age, TBA appears to serve distinct functions during sensorimotor integration. Age-related processes transform the neural processes underlying complex sensorimotor integration.Significance Statement This study shows how brain development affects tasks like grasping or driving, where vision and movement must work together. The results suggest that adults who performed better in sensorimotor integration yield a stronger information transfer between brain regions that integrate visual and motor information, while adolescents lack an input from such areas. This difference in brain communication could explain why adolescents struggle with more complex tasks, highlighting how brain maturation improves sensorimotor integration.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Modulates Early Encephalographic Responses to Distracting Stimuli: A Combined SSVEP and ERP Study.","authors":"Dock H Duncan, Norman Forschack, Dirk van Moorselaar, Matthias M Müller, Jan Theeuwes","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1973-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1973-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through experience, humans can learn to suppress locations that frequently contain distracting stimuli. However, the neural mechanism underlying learned suppression remains largely unknown. In this study, we combined steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) with event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the mechanism behind statistically learned spatial suppression. Twenty-four male and female human participants performed a version of the additional singleton search task in which one location contained a distractor stimulus frequently. The search stimuli constantly flickered on-and-off the screen, resulting in steady-state entrainment. Prior to search onset, no differences in the SSVEP response were found, though a post hoc analysis did reveal proactive alpha lateralization. Following search onset, clear evoked differences in both the SSVEP and ERP signals emerged at the suppressed location relative to all other locations. Crucially, the early timing of these evoked modulations suggests that learned distractor suppression occurs at the initial stages of visual processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensorimotor Transformations for Postural Control in the Vermis of the Cerebellum.","authors":"Robyn L Mildren,Kathleen E Cullen","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0249-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0249-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"The cerebellar vermis plays an essential role in maintaining posture and balance by integrating sensory inputs from multiple modalities to effectively coordinate movement. By transforming convergent sensory information into precise motor commands, it ensures smooth, adaptive motor control, enabling the body to maintain stability in dynamic environments. This review examines recent findings that investigate the distinct neural computations performed by the anterior vermis and posterior vermis (nodulus/uvula). Specifically, we examine how Purkinje cells in these regions integrate vestibular and proprioceptive signals to convert self-motion information from a head-centered to a body-centered reference frame, which is essential for maintaining precise postural control in response to unexpected movements. Additionally, we consider recent findings showing that, during voluntary self-motion, Purkinje cells in the anterior vermis selectively suppress responses in the vestibulospinal pathway by integrating motor inputs with sensory signals. Given the anterior vermis's role in maintaining balance during voluntary behaviors such as locomotion, its suppression prevents counterproductive stabilizing reflexes, enabling goal-directed movement through space. In contrast, the posterior vermis, encompassing the nodulus and uvula, integrates vestibular inputs from both the otoliths and semicircular canals to maintain equilibrium relative to gravitational forces. We thus hypothesize that Purkinje cells in the nodulus/uvula do not generate suppression signals like those observed in the anterior vermis but instead continuously compute our orientation in space, regardless of whether movement is voluntarily generated or unexpected. If our hypothesis is correct, the nodulus/uvula would effectively provide consistent \"ground truth\" information about self-motion relative to gravity.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence That Respiratory Phase May Modulate Task-Related Neural Representations of Visual Stimuli.","authors":"Lisa Stetza, Lena Hehemann, Christoph Kayser","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2236-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2236-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigate how respiration influences cognition by examining the interaction between respiratory phase and task-related brain activity during two visual categorization tasks. While prior research shows that cognitive performance varies along the respiratory cycle, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Though some studies have shown that large-scale neural activity reflecting for example changes in the excitation-inhibition balance is comodulated with the respiratory cycle, it remains unclear whether respiration directly shapes the neural signatures reflecting the encoding of task-specific external signals. We address this gap by applying single-trial multivariate analyses to EEG data obtained in humans (<i>n</i> = 25, any gender), allowing us to track how respiration relates to the sensory evidence reflected in this neurophysiological signal. Confirming previous studies, our data show that participant's performance varies with the respiratory phase prior and during a trial. Importantly, they suggest that respiration may directly influence the sensory evidence carried by neurophysiological processes emerging ∼300-200 ms prior to participant's responses. Hence, respiration and sensory-cognitive processes are not only highly intertwined but respiration may directly facilitate the representation of behaviorally relevant signals in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}