Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Basal forebrain-ventral tegmental area glutamatergic pathway promotes emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice.","authors":"Xia-Ting Gong,Zhang-Shu Li,Zhuo-Li Chen,Xin-Cheng Wu,Ling-Yi Shangguan,Zhi-Peng Xu,Li Chen,Changxi Yu,Ping Cai","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0007-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0007-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"Recent evidence highlights the importance of glutamatergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) in promoting cortical activity; however, whether BF glutamatergic neurons are involved in regulating general anesthesia and the underlying neural circuits remains unclear. Here, the authors show that the activity of BF glutamatergic neurons decreased during the induction of isoflurane anesthesia and restored during the emergence in mice. Optogenetic activation of BF glutamatergic neurons accelerated the emergence from isoflurane anesthesia, decreased isoflurane sensitivity, and increased arousal score of mice. Moreover, optogenetic activation of BF glutamatergic neurons decreased EEG delta power and burst-suppression ratio, while increased pupil size and respiration rate of mice during isoflurane anesthesia. Similar results were observed during the optogenetic activation of BF glutamatergic terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Additionally, the authors found that the activity of BF glutamatergic neurons and VTA glutamatergic neurons synchronously fluctuate during isoflurane anesthesia, and optogenetic activation of BF glutamatergic terminals in the VTA potently increased the calcium signals of VTA glutamatergic neurons during isoflurane anesthesia. Collectively, their study illustrated that BF glutamatergic neurons promote isoflurane anesthesia emergence via activating VTA glutamatergic neurons. Both male and female mice were used in this study.Statement of Significance General anesthesia is widely used in modern medicine; however, its specific neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. The basal forebrain (BF) is a critical component of the ascending arousal system, and its glutamatergic neurons were implicated in sleep-wake behavior and cortical activity. Here, we report that optogenetic activation of BF glutamatergic neurons significantly promoted cortical activation, behavioral emergence and physiological indicators in mice under isoflurane anesthesia. Photostimulation of BF glutamatergic terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) produced similar effects, and significantly increased the activity of VTA glutamatergic neurons. Our findings illustrated that BF glutamatergic neurons promote emergence from isoflurane anesthesia via VTA glutamatergic neurons, highlighting a potential target for attenuating anesthesia depth and accelerating anesthesia emergence in clinical anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-microsaccadic modulation in foveal V1: enhancement in the current and future stimulus locations.","authors":"Tomer Bouhnik, Ofir Korch, Hamutal Slovin","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2448-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2448-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microsaccades are miniature saccades performed during visual fixation that were shown to play a pivotal role in active sensing. Recent studies suggested that pre-microsaccadic attention may underlie the enhanced visual processing at the stimulus site. However, the neuronal mechanism underlying this phenomenon at the foveal scale remains unknown. Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging we investigated the neural responses to uninstructed, spontaneous microsaccades in the fovea of the primary visual cortex (V1) in behaving monkeys (macaque, male). We found that prior to microsaccades onset toward a small visual stimulus, the neuronal activity at the current and future landing stimulus sites was enhanced relative to microsaccades away from the stimulus. This enhancement was spatially confined to the current and future landing stimulus sites, which appeared to merge along the microsaccades ( < 1 deg ) trajectory in V1. Finally, we found a pre-microsaccadic increased synchronization at the current stimulus site. Our findings shed new light on neural modulations preceding microsaccades and suggest a link to neural signatures of attention.<b>Significance statement</b> Microsaccades are miniature eye-movements that occur during visual fixation. Behavioral studies have suggested that pre-microsaccadic attention enhances visual processing in the fovea. However, the underlying neuronal mechanisms at the foveal scale remain unknown. Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging in monkeys, we investigated how microsaccades influence neural activity in the foveal region of the primary visual cortex. Just before a microsaccade toward a small visual stimulus, neural activity was enhanced at both the current and future landing stimulus locations, compared to microsaccades directed away. This enhancement appeared over the microsaccade path and was accompanied by increased synchronization at the current stimulus location. Our findings reveal novel neural modulations preceding microsaccades, and suggest a link between microsaccades and neural signatures of attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Changes in Brain Cellular Membrane and Energy Metabolism: A Multi-Occasion ³¹P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.","authors":"Yana Fandakova, Naftali Raz, Ulman Lindenberger, Dalal Khatib, Usha Rajan, Jeffrey A Stanley","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2222-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2222-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structural neuroimaging studies of typical development reveal increases in grey matter volume during childhood, followed by shrinkage in adolescence and early adulthood. With neuropil constituting the bulk of grey matter, these developmental changes may reflect neuropil reorganization accompanied by alterations in cellular membranes, as well as changes in related energy demand. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P MRS) allows in vivo assessment of changes in the brain's high-energy phosphates - phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - as well as metabolites associated with synthesis and degradation of membrane phospholipids (MPLs) - phosphocholine (PC) and phosphoethanolamine (PE), and their breakdown products, glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE). Forty-nine children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years at baseline (37 boys, 12 girls) were assessed on up to three occasions approximately 12 months apart. MPL precursor levels decreased across all examined regions over time, including cortical and subcortical gray matter and two major white matter tracts. Breakdown products increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in younger children but decreased in their older counterparts. While ATP and Pi decreased across most regions, PCr changes were heterochronic and regional: Hippocampal increases were more pronounced in older children, whereas most of the remaining regions showed no change. Changes in MPL precursors were positively associated with change in PFC cortical thickness, suggesting that the expansion and contraction of neuropil are coupled with structural brain changes during childhood and adolescence. Thus, in vivo ³¹P MRS provides new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of normal brain development.<b>Significance Statement</b> In childhood and adolescence, structural neuroimaging reveals marked changes in the brain's grey matter, most likely indicating contraction and expansion of its main component - the neuropil. The neurobiological mechanisms of these changes are, however, poorly understood. In the first of its kind longitudinal study of 6- to 14-year-old children, we examined in vivo changes in metabolites associated with brain energetics and the synthesis and degradation of membrane phospholipids using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We identify developmental changes in the metabolites associated with contraction and expansion of the neuropil and their coupling with structural changes in late-to-mature brain regions of the prefrontal cortex, indicating candidate mechanisms of brain development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Regulation of Early Trafficking of the NMDA Receptors by the Ligand-Binding Domains of the GluN1 and GluN2A Subunits.","authors":"Jakub Netolicky, Petra Zahumenska, Anna Misiachna, Marharyta Kolcheva, Kristyna Rehakova, Katarina Hemelikova, Stepan Kortus, Emily Langore, Jovana Doderovic, Marek Ladislav, Jan Korabecny, Michal Otyepka, Martin Srejber, Martin Horak","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0226-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0226-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>N</i>-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a crucial role in excitatory neurotransmission, with numerous pathogenic variants identified in the GluN subunits, including their ligand-binding domains (LBDs). The prevailing hypothesis postulates that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control machinery verifies the agonist occupancy of NMDARs, but this was tested in a limited number of studies. Using microscopy and electrophysiology in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, we found that surface expression of GluN1/GluN2A receptors containing a set of alanine substitutions within the LBDs correlated with the measured EC₅₀ values for glycine (GluN1 subunit mutations) while not correlating with the measured EC₅₀ values for l-glutamate (GluN2A subunit mutations). The mutant cycle of GluN1-S688 residue, including the pathogenic GluN1-S688Y and GluN1-S688P variants, showed a correlation between relative surface expression of the GluN1/GluN2A receptors and the measured EC₅₀ values for glycine, as well as with the calculated Δ<i>G</i> _binding values for glycine obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast, the mutant cycle of GluN2A-S511 residue did not show any correlation between the relative surface expression of the GluN1/GluN2A receptors and the measured EC₅₀ values for l-glutamate or calculated Δ<i>G</i> _binding values for l-glutamate. Coexpression of both mutated GluN1 and GluN2A subunits led to additive or synergistic alterations in the surface number of GluN1/GluN2A receptors. The synchronized ER release by ARIAD technology confirmed the altered early trafficking of GluN1/GluN2A receptors containing the mutated LBDs. The microscopical analysis from embryonal rat hippocampal neurons (both sexes) corroborated our conclusions from the HEK293 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anchoring Functional Connectivity to Individual Sulcal Morphology Yields Insights in a Pediatric Study of Reasoning.","authors":"Suvi Häkkinen, Willa I Voorhies, Ethan H Willbrand, Yi-Heng Tsai, Thomas Gagnant, Jewelia K Yao, Kevin S Weiner, Silvia A Bunge","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0726-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0726-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A salient neuroanatomical feature of the human brain is its pronounced cortical folding, and there is mounting evidence that sulcal morphology is relevant to functional brain architecture and cognition. However, the relationships between sulcal anatomy, brain activity, and behavior are still poorly understood. We previously found that the depth of three small, shallow sulci in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) was linked to reasoning performance during development (Voorhies et al., 2021). These findings beg the question: What is the linking mechanism between sulcal morphology and cognition? Here, we investigated functional connectivity among sulci in LPFC and the lateral parietal cortex in participants drawn from the same sample as our previous study. We leveraged manual parcellations (21 sulci/hemisphere, 1,806 total) and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a reasoning task from 43 participants aged 7-18 years (20 females). We conducted clustering and classification analyses of individual-level functional connectivity among sulci. Broadly, we found that (1) connectivity patterns of individual sulci could be differentiated and more accurately than cortical patches equated for size and shape; (2) sulcal connectivity did not consistently correspond with that of probabilistic labels or large-scale networks; (3) sulci clustered based on connectivity patterns, not dictated by spatial proximity; and (4) across individuals, greater depth was associated with higher network centrality for several sulci under investigation. These results illustrate how sulcal morphology can be functionally relevant and provide proof of concept that using sulci to define an individual coordinate space for functional connectomes is a promising future direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear Dendritic Integration Supports Up-Down States in Single Neurons.","authors":"Alessio Quaresima, Hartmut Fitz, Peter Hagoort, Renato Duarte","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1701-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1701-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the activity profile of cortical neurons are due to effects at the scale of local and long-range networks. Accordingly, abrupt transitions in the state of cortical neurons-a phenomenon known as Up-Down states (UDS)-have been attributed to variation in the activity of afferent neurons. However, cellular physiology and morphology may also play a role in causing UDS. This study examines the impact of dendritic nonlinearities, particularly those mediated by voltage-dependent NMDA receptors, on the response of cortical neurons to balanced excitatory/inhibitory synaptic inputs. Using a neuron model with two segregated dendritic compartments, we compared cells with and without dendritic nonlinearities. NMDA receptors boosted somatic firing in the balanced condition and increased the correlation between membrane potentials across the compartments of the neuron model. Dendritic nonlinearities elicited strong bimodality in the distribution of the somatic potential when the cell was driven with cortical-like input. Moreover, dendritic nonlinearities could detect small input fluctuations and lead to UDS whose statistics and dynamics closely resemble electrophysiological data. UDS also occurred in recurrent networks with oscillatory firing activity, as in anaesthetized animal models, when dendritic NMDA receptors were partially disabled. These findings suggest that there is a dissociation between cellular and network-level features that could both contribute to the emergence of UDS. Our study highlights the complex interplay between dendritic integration and activity-driven dynamics in the origin of cortical bistability.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Hippocampal Theta Oscillations Reflect Experience-Dependent Learning in Backward Temporal Order Memory Retrieval.","authors":"Hongjie Jiang, Jing Cai, Diogo Santos-Pata, Xuanlong Zhu, Zhiyong Deng, Chenyang Li, Ruoxi Luo, Lei Shi, Yudian Cai, Rui Wang, Jiaona Tong, Jia Yin, Shaomin Zhang, Sze Chai Kwok","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1223-23.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1223-23.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Navigating within our neighborhood or learning a set of concepts requires remembering the relationship between individual items that are presented sequentially. Theta activity in the mammalian hippocampus is related to the encoding and recall of relational structures. However, how theta oscillations are involved in retrieving temporal order information in opposing directionality (forward vs backward) has not been characterized. Here, using intracranial recordings from 10 human epileptic patients of both genders with hippocampal electrodes, we tested the patients with a temporal order memory task in which they learned the spatial relationship among individual items arranged along a circular track and were tested on both forward-cued and backward-cued retrieval conditions. We found that sustained high-power oscillatory events in the hippocampal theta (2-8 Hz) band, as quantified by <i>P</i> _episode rate, were higher for the backward conditions during the later stage but not in the earlier stage. The theta <i>P</i> _episode rate results are consistent with the behavioral memory performance and the theta phase to gamma power cross-frequency coupling. Control analyses on change in theta or gamma power and their peak frequencies, aperiodic activity, hemispheric differences, and <i>P</i> _episode duration confirm that elevated theta rhythmic activity carry specific physiological information with respect to experience-dependent (episodic) learning. In contrast, we observed a stronger effect of forward than backward retrieval for the low gamma (30-70 Hz) <i>P</i> _episode rate irrespective of stages. Our results revealed how theta oscillations are specifically implicated in the learning process for efficient retrieval of temporal order memories under opposing directionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epigenetic Reader PHF23 Is Required for Embryonic Neurogenesis.","authors":"Yue Wen, Ping He, Zongyao Huang, Chaoqiong Ding, Ting Zhang, Lanxin Zhang, Jianan Zheng, Mei Chen, Chong Chen, Yu Liu, Yuan Wang, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2090-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2090-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in the tightly regulated process of neurogenesis from radial glial cells (RGCs) to intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) to neurons during embryonic brain development. Plant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins as important epigenetic readers are implicated in development and diseases, yet their roles in embryonic neurogenesis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we found different PHD finger proteins are differentially expressed along the neurogenesis trajectory. Among them, we investigated the function of PHF23 using mouse models, which is highly expressed in RGCs and IPCs, but not in neurons. Our findings demonstrate that PHF23 is essential for proper neurogenesis, and <i>Phf23</i> knock-out (<i>Phf2</i>3-KO) results in cortical developmental defects due to differentiation blockade of RGCs. Mechanistically, PHF23 bind with HDAC2, inhibiting its deacetylation activity on the active histone mark H3K27ac, thereby promoting the expression of neuronal differentiation pathway genes such as <i>Tcf4</i> and <i>Eya1</i> Overexpression of <i>Tcf4</i> rescues the differentiation defects of <i>Phf2</i>3-KO NSCs. These results establish PHF23 as a pivotal regulator of neurogenesis, indicating cell type-specific functions of PHD finger proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"µ-Opioid Receptor Control of Glutamate/GABA Coreleasing SUM and VTA Projections to the Dentate Gyrus.","authors":"Daria Oleinichenko","doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0095-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0095-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Bellocchio et al., \"Sustained G_q-Protein Signaling Disrupts Striatal Circuits via JNK\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0980-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0980-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}