medRxiv - Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Relationship Among Macronutrients, Dietary Components, and Objective Sleep Variables Measured by Smartphone Applications: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Jaehoon Seol, Masao Iwagami, Megane Kayamare, Masashi Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.25.24311028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.25.24311028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Few studies have used daily data from objective applications to explore macronutrient interactions in sleep and nutrition research.\u0000Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between macronutrients, dietary components, and sleep parameters, considering their interdependencies.\u0000Methods: Data from 4,825 users of sleep and nutrition apps for at least 7 days were analyzed. Multivariable regression analysis investigated associations between quartiles of macronutrients (protein, carbohydrate, and total fat, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats), dietary components (sodium, potassium, dietary fiber, and sodium-to-potassium ratio), and sleep variables (total sleep time [TST], sleep latency [SL], and % wakefulness after sleep onset [%WASO]). Nutrients were divided into quartiles, with the lowest intake group as the reference. Compositional data analysis accounted for interdependencies among macronutrients. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).\u0000Results: Higher protein intake was associated with longer TST in the 3rd (B = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.26) and 4th quartiles (B = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.27). Higher total fat intake was linked to shorter TST in the 3rd (B = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.20, -0.27) and 4th quartiles (B = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.25, -0.07). Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with shorter %WASO in the 3rd (B = -0.82, 95% CI = -1.37, -0.26) and 4th quartiles (B = -0.57, 95% CI = -1.13, -0.01), while higher total fat intake was linked to longer %WASO in the 4th quartile (B = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.06, 1.18). Higher dietary fiber intake was consistently associated with longer TST in the 3rd (B = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.19) and 4th quartiles (B = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.26), shorter SL in the 2nd (B = -1.71, 95% CI = -2.66, -0.76), 3rd (B = -2.23, 95% CI = -3.19, -1.27), and 4th quartiles (B = -2.30, 95% CI = -3.27, -1.33), and shorter %WASO in the 2nd (B = -1.06, 95% CI = -1.61, -0.51), 3rd (B = -1.04, 95% CI = -1.59, -0.48), and 4th quartiles (B = -1.05, 95% CI = -1.61, -0.48). A higher sodium-to-potassium ratio was linked to shorter TST in the 3rd (B = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.20, -0.02) and 4th quartiles (B = -0.19, 95% CI = -0.28, -0.10), longer SL in the 2nd (B = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.08, 1.98) and 4th quartiles (B = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.53, 2.47), and longer %WASO in the 4th quartile (B = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.15, 1.28). Compositional data analysis, involving 6% changes in macronutrient proportions, showed higher protein intake correlated with longer TST (B = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.35), while more monounsaturated fats were linked to longer SL (B = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.93, 7.34) and %WASO (B = 2.21, 95% CI = 0.63, 3.78). Higher polyunsaturated fat intake correlated with shorter TST (B = -0.22, 95% CI = -0.39, -0.05), shorter SL (B = -4.72, 95% CI = -6.58, -2.86), and shorter %WASO (B = -2.00, 95% CI = -3.08, -0.92).\u0000Conclusions: These findings highlight the intricate relationships between di","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unhealthful plant-based diet associates with frailty risk predominantly in men with low income from the UK Biobank cohort","authors":"Kerstin Alexandra Schorr, Mar Rodriguez-Girondo, Niels van den Berg, Lisette C.P.G.M. de Groot, P. Eline Slagboom, Marian Beekman","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.24310856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.24310856","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Plant-based diets (PBD) are generally promoted as beneficial for health. However, whether this is also the case at older ages, when energy deficits, muscle loss and frailty affect health, is unclear. Research has shown that among older adults, particularly in men, a healthful PBD is associated with a lower frailty risk. This relation was however, not studied in the context of socio-economic status (SES), a major factor influencing the risk of frailty. Therefore, we aim to assess whether plant-based diets associate with frailty risk at older ages and whether this association is moderated by sex and income in a large population-based dataset. Methods: we investigated data from the UK Biobank (UKB) (n=73 180, mean age=55.48±7.87). We applied a plant-based diet index [range 17-85], differentiating between a healthful (hPDI) and unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI). Frailty was assessed by the Fried frailty phenotype and categorized into 0-4 symptoms of frailty. Average household income was divided into three categories: low (<18.000 GBP), medium (18.000-52.000 GBP) and high (>52.000 GBP). We applied an ordinal logistic regression model with frailty as the categorical outcome and PDI as continuous predictor while adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, BMI and UKB assessment center. Secondly, we included an interaction term (PDI*sex*income). To identify subgroups driving any interactions, we stratified by sex and subsequently by income group to determine the effect of PDI in subgroups while additionally adjusting for lifestyle factors.\u0000Results: a 10-unit increase in hPDI, was associated with 3.4% lower odds for frailty (OR=0.966, 95%CI [0.946, 0.987]), whereas a 10-unit increase in uPDI was associated with 7.7% greater odds for frailty (OR=1.077, 95%CI [1.054, 1.101]). The association between uPDI and frailty was moderated by income and sex (uPDI*income*sex, p=0.002), whereas no such moderation was found for hPDI (p=0.602). Subsequent stratification reveals a significant effect of uPDI on frailty particularly among men with low income (OR=1.177, 95% CI [1.069, 1.298]), but not for women. This association in men largely persisted after adjustment for additional lifestyle factors (OR=1.119, 95%CI [0.995, 1.258]). Conclusion: we observed that adherence to an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with a higher risk for frailty. This relation was especially observed for men with lower incomes and not explained by other lifestyle factors. Therefore, this group may profit from refraining from an unhealthful plant-based diet.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and beliefs about dietary inorganic nitrate in a representative sample of adults from the United Kingdom","authors":"Alex Griffiths, Evie Grainger, Jamie Matu, Shatha Alhulaefi, Eleanor Whyte, Eleanor Hayes, Kirsten Brandt, John C Mathers, Mario Siervo, Oliver M Shannon","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.24.24310912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.24.24310912","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Evaluate knowledge and beliefs about dietary nitrate among United Kingdom (UK)-based adults. Design: An online questionnaire was administered to evaluate knowledge/beliefs about dietary nitrate. Overall knowledge of dietary nitrate was quantified using a 21-point Nitrate Knowledge Index. Responses were compared between sociodemographic groups. Setting: UK. Participants: A nationally representative sample of three hundred adults. Results: Only 19% of participants had heard of dietary nitrate prior to completing the questionnaire. Most participants (~70%) were unsure about the effects of dietary nitrate on health parameters (e.g., blood pressure, cognitive function, cancer risk) or exercise performance. Most participants were unsure of the average population intake (78%) and acceptable daily intake (ADI) (83%) of nitrate. Knowledge of dietary sources of nitrate was generally low, with only ~30% of participants correctly identifying foods with higher/lower nitrate contents. Almost none of the participants had deliberately purchased, or avoided purchasing, a food based around its nitrate content. Nitrate Knowledge Index scores were generally low (median[IQR]: 5[8]), but were significantly higher in individuals who were currently employed vs. unemployed (median[IQR]: 5[7]vs.4[7]; p<0.001), in those with previous nutritional education vs. no nutritional education (median[IQR]: 6[7]vs.4[8]; p=0.012), and in individuals who had heard of nitrate prior to completing the questionnaire vs. those who had not (median [IQR]: 9[8]vs.4 [7]; p<0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates low knowledge around dietary nitrate in UK-based adults. Greater education around dietary nitrate may be valuable to help individuals make more informed decisions about their consumption of this compound.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance to Iron Folic Acid Supplementation and its associated factors among post-partum mothers of Bharatpur Metropolitan","authors":"Amshu Pokhrel, Bimala Bhatta, Anup Adhikari","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.18.24310631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.18.24310631","url":null,"abstract":"Subject Submission of research article titled “Compliance to Iron Folic Acid Supplementation and its associated factors among post-partum mothers of Bharatpur Metropolitan” Abstract Background: Anemia is a major global health issue, especially affecting young children, pregnant and postpartum women, and adolescent girls, with 1.92 billion affected in 2021, notably in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Iron deficiency is a key cause, requiring interventions like iron and folic acid supplementation. Despite efforts in Nepal, anemia prevalence fluctuates, with compliance a concern. This study assesses iron and folic acid supplementation compliance among postpartum mothers in Bharatpur Metropolitan City.\u0000Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 303 postpartum mothers with babies aged 45days to 1 year in Bharatpur Metropolitan City. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire.\u0000Results: The compliance rate for iron and folic acid supplementation among postpartum mothers was 48.2%. Among different sociodemographic variables, religion of participants was found to be significantly associated with compliance to iron folic acid supplementation (OR 5.367, 95% CI 1.173-16.636). Moreover, participants having more than four antenatal visits (OR 3.465, 95% CI 1.366-8.792), participants having good knowledge about anemia (OR 5.554, 95% CI 2.485-12.415), and participants having good knowledge about iron and folic acid supplementation (OR 2.442, 95% CI 1.064-5.60) were also significantly associated with higher compliance.\u0000Conclusion: To improve IFAS adherence, healthcare providers should focus on health education on the postpartum importance of iron and folic acid supplementation, along with diligent follow-up using culturally tailored strategies. Enhanced compliance will lead to better health outcomes for mothers and their babies.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"339 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status and Lifestyle of Children in Orphanages and Middle-Class Families in Khulna City, Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Tohora Safa, Mir Fhamid Ahsan Alvi, Maliha Mahazabin","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.10.24310074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.10.24310074","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of biological parents has a significant effect on a child's growth and overall welfare. This study examines the circumstances of children living in orphanages where one or both parents have passed away, as well as children from middle-class households. The main focus is on their lifestyle, nutritional status, and well-being. We performed a chi-square test and descriptive analysis to establish a correlation. Our research revealed that orphaned children in the orphanage tend to mostly consume carbohydrate-rich foods in their diet. Inadequate access to nourishing food can impede their capacity to sustain optimal physical and mental well-being. Furthermore, the absence of recreational amenities in the orphanage may impede their mental well-being, as they already experience psychological challenges due to the absence of parental affection. Children from middle-class households are often exposed to a significant amount of unhealthy fast food and bakery items. This practice should be discontinued in order to promote a healthier society","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141586852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between mid-upper Arm circumference and Body Mass index in the assessment of adult nutritional status in Malawi.","authors":"Thokozani Mzumara, Adriano Focus Lubanga, Joseph Afonne, George Munthali, Byenala Kaonga, Gracian Harawa, Akim Nelson Bwanali","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.09.24310002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.09.24310002","url":null,"abstract":"Background Body Mass Index (BMI) is a widely used and accepted indicator of nutritional status in adults. Mid-Upper-Arm-Circumference (MUAC) is another anthropometric measure used primarily among children. While BMI remains the best indicator of nutritional status, it can sometimes be impractical because of logistical requirements for weight and height measurement, especially for large population-based studies and bed-ridden patients. Therefore, we analyzed anthropometric data collected from the Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU) Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) survey to determine the correlation between BMI and MUAC in the assessment of adult nutritional status in Malawi. Methods A secondary data analysis utilizing descriptive and correlational statistical research methods was used to determine the relationship between BMI and MUAC in the assessment of adults’ nutritional status in Malawi. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 27. The independent t test and Chi-square were employed. Furthermore, the study included the Pearson correlation test to assess the relationship between variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study assessed 30,575 participants, of whom the majority (61.8%) were females. The mean MUAC was 27.2 (SD = 3.300), and the mean BMI was 23.5 (SD = 4.55). The study found a strong positive statistically significant correlation between MUAC and BMI among Malawians (r = 0.836, CI = (0.832-0.839) such that for each additional centimeter increase in MUAC, BMI is expected to increase by approximately 1.153 units (BMI = -7.797 + 1.153 (MUAC)). There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and MUAC in both males and females and in rural and urban residents (P<0.01). The ROC curve was excellent for BMI in the overweight range (AUC = 0.87), and the findings were superior in the obese range (AUC = 0.956). Conclusion The correlation between MUAC and BMI is positive regardless of sex or rural/urban residence. Therefore, the MUAC can be used as a clinical test to predict BMI .","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of a Polyphenol-Rich Supplement on Epigenetic and Cellular Markers of Immune Age: A Pilot Clinical Study","authors":"Austin D Perlmutter, Jeffrey S Bland, Arti Chandra, Sonia S Malani, Ryan Smith, Tavis L Mendez, Varun Bhamidipati Dwaraka","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.05.24309915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.05.24309915","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related alterations in immune function are believed to increase risk for a host of age-related diseases leading to premature death and disability. Programming of the immune system by diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors occurs across the lifespan and influences both makeup and function of the immune system. This programming is believed to act in large part through epigenetic modification. One group of dietary molecules linked to generally healthier aging and relative immune resilience and homeostasis are polyphenols, which are consumed by humans primarily in the form of plant foods. While polyphenols are widely distributed throughout the plant and fungal kingdoms, certain foods are known to possess distinctive and relatively higher levels of these compounds. One such food is Tartary buckwheat (fagopyrum tataricum), an ancient seed historically prized for its health benefits. It is suggested that the specific composition of polyphenols found in foods like Tartary buckwheat may lead to a unique impact on longevity-related physiological pathways that could be interrogated through immune and epigenetic analyses. The objective of this study was to investigate the epigenetic effects on peripheral immune cells in healthy individuals of a standardized polyphenol concentrate based on naturally occurring nutrients in Tartary buckwheat. A pilot clinical trial was designed to test the effects of consuming 90 days of this concentrate on immune cell epigenetic methylation patterns and immune cell phenotypes in 50 healthy male (40%) and female (60%) participants aged 18-85 years using epigenetic age clocks and deconvolution methods. Analysis revealed significant intervention-related changes in multiple epigenetic age clocks and immune markers as well as population-wide alterations in gene ontology (GO) pathways related to longevity and immunity. This study provides previously unidentified insights into the immune, longevity and epigenetic effects of consumption of polyphenol-rich plants and generates additional support for health interventions built around historically consumed plants like Tartary buckwheat while offering compelling opportunities for additional research.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on SM23-33 Abundance in Stool and Children with Obesity A Mendelian Randomization Analysis","authors":"Min Zhang","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.01.24309764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.01.24309764","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children with obesity may be associated with gut microbiota and omega-3 fatty acids. However, the understanding of children with obesity, gut microbiota, and omega-3 fatty acids remains unclear.\u0000Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationships between omega-3 fatty acids, SM23-33 abundance in stool, and children with obesity.\u0000Methods: We conducted LDSC to assess the genetic correlation between SM23-33 abundance in stool, Omega-3 fatty acids, and children with obesity. Subsequently, bidirectional MR analyses were performed to investigate the causal connections between SM23-33 abundance in stool and children with obesity, while a two-step MR analysis was employed to identify any potential mediation by Omega-3 fatty acids in this relationship. All statistical analyses were carried out using R software, and the STROBE-MR checklist was followed for reporting MR studies.\u0000Results: There was no significant genetic correlation among SM23-33 abundance in stool, Omega-3 fatty acids, and children with obesity (rg_p>0.05). MR analysis identified SM23-33 abundance in stool causally associated with children with obesity (OR=0.747, 95%CI: 0.584-0.957, P=0.021). Furthermore, there was no strong evidence that genetically predicted children with obesity affected SM23-33 abundance in stool. Further, two-step MR analysis found the associations between SM23-33 abundance in stool and children with obesity were mediated by Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) of Omega-3 fatty acids with proportions of 3.56% (95%CI: 3.43%, 3.69.0%). Conclusions: The present study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between SM23-33 Abundance in Stool and Children with Obesity, with a potential effect mediated by Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). KEYWORDS\u0000SM23-33 abundance in stool, omega-3 fatty acids, mendelian randomization, docosahexaenoic acid, children with obesity","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diverse high-fibre plant-based dietary intervention improves gut microbiome composition, gut symptoms, energy and hunger in healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Alice C Creedon, Hannah Bernard, Federica Amati, Nicola Segata, Meg Wallace, Alberto Arrè, Harry A Smith, Alex Platts, William J Bulsiewicz, Kate M Bermingham, Joan Capdevila Pujol, Elisa Piperni, Ana Roomans Ledo, Claire Johnson, Catherine Caro, Nafisa Karimjee, Inbar Linenberg, Francesca Giordano, Richard Davies, Jonathan Wolf, Francesco Asnicar, Timothy Spector, Sarah E Berry","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.02.24309816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.02.24309816","url":null,"abstract":"Diets low in diverse fibre-rich plant foods are a major factor in the rise of chronic diseases globally. The BIOME study (NCT06231706) was a 6-week, parallel design randomised controlled trial in 399 healthy adults in the UK, investigating a simple dietary intervention containing 30+ whole-food ingredients high in plant polyphenolic compounds, fibre and micronutrients. Participants were randomised to the primary intervention (prebiotic blend; 30g/d) or control (bread croutons; 28g/d; isocaloric functional equivalent) or a daily probiotic (L. rhamnosus). The primary outcome was change in favourable and unfavourable microbiome species compared to control, secondary outcomes included changes in blood metabolites, gut symptoms, stool output, anthropometric measures, subjective hunger, sleep, energy and mood. A crossover test meal challenge sub-study was conducted in 34 participants, investigating postprandial glucose responses, subjective hunger, satiety and mood. In the 349 male and female participants (mean age 50yrs) included in the analysis (intention-to-treat), self-reported adherence was high (> 98% for all treatments). Following the prebiotic blend, significant improvements were seen in the change and ranking of favourable and unfavourable species as well as beta diversity (weighted-UniFrac measure), but not in the control or probiotic group. There were significantly greater improvements in self reported indigestion, constipation, heartburn, flatulence and energy, following the prebiotic vs control, and hunger following the prebiotic vs probiotic. Addition of the prebiotic to a high carbohydrate test meal challenge resulted in significant improvements in subjective hunger, fullness, and energy (3h incremental area under the curve). No other significant differences between groups were observed. This prebiotic blend is a simple dietary strategy that benefits gut microbiome composition, gut symptoms and self-reported energy and hunger.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suboptimal dietary patterns are associated with accelerated biological aging in young adulthood: a twin study","authors":"Suvi Ravi, Anna Kankaanpää, Leonie H. Bogl, Aino Heikkinen, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Jaakko Kaprio, Miina Ollikainen, Elina Sillanpää","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.25.24309391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.25.24309391","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background &amp; aims</strong> Suboptimal diets increase morbidity and mortality risk. Epigenetic clocks are algorithms that can assess health and lifespan, even at a young age, before clinical manifestations of diseases. We investigated the association between dietary patterns and biological aging in young adult twins.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}