arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society最新文献_第4页

Exploring Citation Diversity in Scholarly Literature: An Entropy-Based Approach 探索学术文献中的引文多样性：基于熵的方法

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: arxiv-2409.02592

suchismita Banerjee, Abhik Ghosh, Banasri Basu

{"title":"Exploring Citation Diversity in Scholarly Literature: An Entropy-Based Approach","authors":"suchismita Banerjee, Abhik Ghosh, Banasri Basu","doi":"arxiv-2409.02592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02592","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores global citation diversity,examining its various patterns\u0000across countries and academic disciplines.We analyzed citation distributions in\u0000top institutes worldwide,revealing that the higher citation end of the\u0000distribution follow Power law or Pareto law pattern and the Pareto law's\u0000scaling exponent changes with the number of institutes considered.An entropy\u0000based novel citation inequality measure has been introduced, enhancing the\u0000precision of our analysis. Our findings show that countries with small and\u0000large economies often group similarly based on citation diversity, with\u0000shifting the groupings as the number of institutes considered\u0000changes.Moreover,we analyzed citation diversity among award-winning scientists\u0000across six scientific disciplines,finding significant variations.We also\u0000explored the evolution of citation diversity over the past century across\u0000multiple fields.A gender-based study in various disciplines highlights citation\u0000inequalities among male and female scientists.Our innovative citation diversity\u0000measure stands out as a vital tool for evaluating citation inequality,providing\u0000insights beyond what traditional citation counts can offer.This thorough\u0000analysis deepens our understanding of global scientific contributions and\u0000promotes a more equitable view of academic accomplishments.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Power-grid modelling via gradual improvement of parameters 通过逐步改进参数建立电网模型

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: arxiv-2409.02758

Bálint Hartmann, Géza Ódor, Kristóf Benedek, István Papp

{"title":"Power-grid modelling via gradual improvement of parameters","authors":"Bálint Hartmann, Géza Ódor, Kristóf Benedek, István Papp","doi":"arxiv-2409.02758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02758","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of electric power systems are widely studied through the phase\u0000synchronization of oscillators, typically with the use of the Kuramoto\u0000equation. While there are numerous well-known order parameters to characterize\u0000these dynamics, shortcoming of these metrics are also recognized. To capture\u0000all transitions from phase disordered states over phase locking to fully\u0000synchronized systems, new metrics were proposed and demonstrated on homogeneous\u0000models. In this paper we aim to address a gap in the literature, namely, to\u0000examine how gradual improvement of power grid models affect the goodness of\u0000certain metrics. To study how the details of models are perceived by the\u0000different metrics, 12 variations of a power grid model were created,\u0000introducing varying level of heterogeneity through the coupling strength, the\u0000nodal powers and the moment of inertia. The grid models were compared using a\u0000second-order Kuramoto equation and adaptive Runge-Kutta solver, measuring the\u0000values of the phase, the frequency and the universal order parameters. Finally,\u0000frequency results of the models were compared to grid measurements. We found\u0000that the universal order parameter was able to capture more details of the grid\u0000models, especially in cases of decreasing moment of inertia. The most\u0000heterogeneous models showed very low synchronization and thus suggest a\u0000limitation of the second-order Kuramoto equation. Finally, we show local\u0000frequency results related to the multi-peaks of static models, which implies\u0000that spatial heterogeneity can also induce such multi-peak behavior.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Language Understanding as a Constraint on Consensus Size in LLM Societies 语言理解是 LLM 社会共识规模的制约因素

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: arxiv-2409.02822

Giordano De Marzo, Claudio Castellano, David Garcia

{"title":"Language Understanding as a Constraint on Consensus Size in LLM Societies","authors":"Giordano De Marzo, Claudio Castellano, David Garcia","doi":"arxiv-2409.02822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02822","url":null,"abstract":"The applications of Large Language Models (LLMs) are going towards\u0000collaborative tasks where several agents interact with each other like in an\u0000LLM society. In such a setting, large groups of LLMs could reach consensus\u0000about arbitrary norms for which there is no information supporting one option\u0000over another, regulating their own behavior in a self-organized way. In human\u0000societies, the ability to reach consensus without institutions has a limit in\u0000the cognitive capacities of humans. To understand if a similar phenomenon\u0000characterizes also LLMs, we apply methods from complexity science and\u0000principles from behavioral sciences in a new approach of AI anthropology. We\u0000find that LLMs are able to reach consensus in groups and that the opinion\u0000dynamics of LLMs can be understood with a function parametrized by a majority\u0000force coefficient that determines whether consensus is possible. This majority\u0000force is stronger for models with higher language understanding capabilities\u0000and decreases for larger groups, leading to a critical group size beyond which,\u0000for a given LLM, consensus is unfeasible. This critical group size grows\u0000exponentially with the language understanding capabilities of models and for\u0000the most advanced models, it can reach an order of magnitude beyond the typical\u0000size of informal human groups.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compact 15-minute cities are greener 15 分钟紧凑型城市更环保

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: arxiv-2409.01817

Francesco Marzolla, Matteo Bruno, Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Vittorio Loreto

{"title":"Compact 15-minute cities are greener","authors":"Francesco Marzolla, Matteo Bruno, Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Vittorio Loreto","doi":"arxiv-2409.01817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.01817","url":null,"abstract":"The 15-minute city concept, advocating for cities where essential services\u0000are accessible within 15 minutes on foot and by bike, has gained significant\u0000attention in recent years. However, despite being celebrated for promoting\u0000sustainability, there is an ongoing debate regarding its effectiveness in\u0000reducing car usage and, subsequently, emissions in cities. In particular,\u0000large-scale evaluations of the effectiveness of the 15-minute concept in\u0000reducing emissions are lacking. To address this gap, we investigate whether\u0000cities with better walking accessibility, like 15-minute cities, are associated\u0000with lower transportation emissions. Comparing 700 cities worldwide, we find\u0000that cities with better walking accessibility to services emit less CO$_2$ per\u0000capita for transport. Moreover, we observe that among cities with similar\u0000average accessibility, cities spreading over larger areas tend to emit more.\u0000Our findings highlight the effectiveness of decentralised urban planning,\u0000especially the proximity-based 15-minute city, in promoting sustainable\u0000mobility. However, they also emphasise the need to integrate local\u0000accessibility with urban compactness and efficient public transit, which are\u0000vital in large cities.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topological communities in complex networks 复杂网络中的拓扑群落

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: arxiv-2409.02317

Luís F Seoane

{"title":"Topological communities in complex networks","authors":"Luís F Seoane","doi":"arxiv-2409.02317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02317","url":null,"abstract":"Most complex systems can be captured by graphs or networks. Networks connect\u0000nodes (e.g. neurons) through edges (synapses), thus summarizing the system's\u0000structure. A popular way of interrogating graphs is community detection, which\u0000uncovers sets of geometrically related nodes. {em Geometric communities}\u0000consist of nodes ``closer'' to each other than to others in the graph. Some\u0000network features do not depend on node proximity -- rather, on them playing\u0000similar roles (e.g. building bridges) even if located far apart. These\u0000features can thus escape proximity-based analyses. We lack a general framework\u0000to uncover such features. We introduce {em topological communities}, an\u0000alternative perspective to decomposing graphs. We find clusters that describe a\u0000network as much as classical communities, yet are missed by current techniques.\u0000In our framework, each graph guides our attention to its relevant features,\u0000whether geometric or topological. Our analysis complements existing ones, and\u0000could be a default method to study networks confronted without prior knowledge.\u0000Classical community detection has bolstered our understanding of biological,\u0000neural, or social systems; yet it is only half the story. Topological\u0000communities promise deep insights on a wealth of available data. We illustrate\u0000this for the global airport network, human connectomes, and others.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The overlooked need for Ethics in Complexity Science: Why it matters 复杂性科学中被忽视的伦理需求：为何重要

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: arxiv-2409.02002

Olumide Adisa, Enio Alterman Blay, Yasaman Asgari, Gabriele Di Bona, Samantha Dies, Ana Maria Jaramillo, Paulo H. Resende, Ana Maria de Sousa Leitao

{"title":"The overlooked need for Ethics in Complexity Science: Why it matters","authors":"Olumide Adisa, Enio Alterman Blay, Yasaman Asgari, Gabriele Di Bona, Samantha Dies, Ana Maria Jaramillo, Paulo H. Resende, Ana Maria de Sousa Leitao","doi":"arxiv-2409.02002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02002","url":null,"abstract":"Complexity science, despite its broad scope and potential impact, has not\u0000kept pace with fields like artificial intelligence, biotechnology and social\u0000sciences in addressing ethical concerns. The field lacks a comprehensive\u0000ethical framework, leaving us, as a community, vulnerable to ethical challenges\u0000and dilemmas. Other areas have gone through similar experiences and created,\u0000with discussions and working groups, their guides, policies and\u0000recommendations. Therefore, here we highlight the critical absence of formal\u0000guidelines, dedicated ethical committees, and widespread discussions on ethics\u0000within the complexity science community. Drawing on insights from the\u0000disciplines mentioned earlier, we propose a roadmap to enhance ethical\u0000awareness and action. Our recommendations include (i) initiating supportive\u0000mechanisms to develop ethical guidelines specific to complex systems research,\u0000(ii) creating open-access resources, and (iii) fostering inclusive dialogues to\u0000ensure that complexity science can responsibly tackle societal challenges and\u0000achieve a more inclusive environment. By initiating this dialogue, we aim to\u0000encourage a necessary shift in how ethics is integrated into complexity\u0000research, positioning the field to address contemporary challenges more\u0000effectively.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DAOs of Collective Intelligence? Unraveling the Complexity of Blockchain Governance in Decentralized Autonomous Organizations 集体智慧的 DAO？解开去中心化自治组织区块链治理的复杂性

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: arxiv-2409.01823

Mark C. Ballandies, Dino Carpentras, Evangelos Pournaras

引用次数: 0

Detection of anomalous spatio-temporal patterns of app traffic in response to catastrophic events 针对灾难性事件检测应用程序流量的异常时空模式

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: arxiv-2409.01355

Sofia Medina, Shazia'Ayn Babul, Rohit Sahasrabuddhe, Timothy LaRock, Renaud Lambiotte, Nicola Pedreschi

{"title":"Detection of anomalous spatio-temporal patterns of app traffic in response to catastrophic events","authors":"Sofia Medina, Shazia'Ayn Babul, Rohit Sahasrabuddhe, Timothy LaRock, Renaud Lambiotte, Nicola Pedreschi","doi":"arxiv-2409.01355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.01355","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we uncover patterns of usage mobile phone applications and\u0000information spread in response to perturbations caused by unprecedented events.\u0000We focus on categorizing patterns of response in both space and time and\u0000tracking their relaxation over time. To this end, we use the NetMob2023 Data\u0000Challenge dataset, which provides mobile phone applications traffic volume data\u0000for several cities in France at a spatial resolution of 100$m^2$ and a time\u0000resolution of 15 minutes for a time period ranging from March to May 2019. We\u0000analyze the spread of information before, during, and after the catastrophic\u0000Notre-Dame fire on April 15th and a bombing that took place in the city centre\u0000of Lyon on May 24th using volume of data uploaded and downloaded to different\u0000mobile applications as a proxy of information transfer dynamics. We identify\u0000different clusters of information transfer dynamics in response to the\u0000Notre-Dame fire within the city of Paris as well as in other major French\u0000cities. We find a clear pattern of significantly above-baseline usage of the\u0000application Twitter (currently known as X) in Paris that radially spreads from\u0000the area surrounding the Notre-Dame cathedral to the rest of the city. We\u0000detect a similar pattern in the city of Lyon in response to the bombing.\u0000Further, we present a null model of radial information spread and develop\u0000methods of tracking radial patterns over time. Overall, we illustrate novel\u0000analytical methods we devise, showing how they enable a new perspective on\u0000mobile phone user response to unplanned catastrophic events, giving insight\u0000into how information spreads during a catastrophe in both time and space.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of flows in social media uncovers a new multi-step model of information spread 社交媒体信息流分析揭示了一种新的多步骤信息传播模式

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: arxiv-2409.01225

Matteo Serafino, G. Virginio Clemente, James Flamino, Boleslaw K. Szymanski, Omar Lizardo, Hernan A. Makse

{"title":"Analysis of flows in social media uncovers a new multi-step model of information spread","authors":"Matteo Serafino, G. Virginio Clemente, James Flamino, Boleslaw K. Szymanski, Omar Lizardo, Hernan A. Makse","doi":"arxiv-2409.01225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.01225","url":null,"abstract":"Since the advent of the internet, communication paradigms have continuously\u0000evolved, resulting in a present-day landscape where the dynamics of information\u0000dissemination have undergone a complete transformation compared to the past. In\u0000this study, we challenge the conventional two-step flow model of communication,\u0000a long-standing paradigm in the field. Our approach introduces a more intricate\u0000multi-step and multi-actor model that effectively captures the complexities of\u0000modern information spread. We test our hypothesis by examining the spread of\u0000information on the Twitter platform. Our findings support the multi-step and\u0000multi-actor model hypothesis. In this framework, influencers (individuals with\u0000a significant presence in social media) emerges as new central figures and\u0000partially take on the role previously attributed to opinion leaders. However,\u0000this does not apply to opinion leaders who adapt and reaffirm their influential\u0000position on social media, here defined as opinion-leading influencers.\u0000Additionally, we note a substantial number of adopters directly accessing\u0000information sources, suggesting a potentialdecline if influence in both opinion\u0000leaders and influencers. Finally, we found distinctions in the diffusion\u0000patterns of left- and right-leaning groups, indicating variations in the\u0000underlying structure of information dissemination across different ideologies.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemic paradox induced by awareness driven network dynamics 意识驱动网络动力学诱发的流行病悖论

arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: arxiv-2409.01384

Csegő Balázs Kolok, Gergely Ódor, Dániel Keliger, Márton Karsai

引用次数: 0