arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of the Future of Atomically Precise Manufacturing","authors":"Vadym Shvydun, Justin Sato, Gabriel Bristot","doi":"arxiv-2409.00955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.00955","url":null,"abstract":"Atomically Precise Manufacturing (APM) refers to the assembly of materials\u0000with atomic precision, representing a highly advanced technology with\u0000significant potential. However, the development of APM remains in its early\u0000stages, with applications largely confined to specialized fields and lacking\u0000cohesion within a unified discipline. The current literature on APM is often\u0000dominated by older, speculative papers that discuss its immense potential risks\u0000and benefits without sufficient grounding in the latest advancements or\u0000practical limitations that exist today. This paper aims to bridge this gap by\u0000providing a comprehensive assessment of current APM and near-APM technologies,\u0000as well as using the barriers to further progress to predict future\u0000developments. Through this analysis, we seek to establish a clearer\u0000understanding of the present state of the technology and then use these\u0000insights to predict the future trajectory of APM. By doing so, we aim to create\u0000a more grounded discourse on APM and its potential risks and benefits, while\u0000also guiding future research on the necessary regulations and safety\u0000considerations for this emerging field.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare system resilience and adaptability to pandemic disruptions in the United States","authors":"Lu Zhong, Dimitri Lopez, Sen Pei, Jianxi Gao","doi":"arxiv-2409.01454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.01454","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding healthcare system resilience has become paramount, particularly\u0000in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which imposed unprecedented burdens on\u0000healthcare services and severely impacted public health. Resilience is defined\u0000as the system's ability to absorb, recover from, and adapt to disruptions;\u0000however, despite extensive studies on this subject, we still lack empirical\u0000evidence and mathematical tools to quantify its adaptability (the ability of\u0000the system to adjust to and learn from disruptions). By analyzing millions of\u0000patients' electronic medical records across US states, we find that the\u0000COVID-19 pandemic caused two successive waves of disruptions within the\u0000healthcare systems, enabling natural experiment analysis of the adaptive\u0000capacity for each system to adapt to past disruptions. We generalize the\u0000quantification framework and find that the US healthcare systems exhibit\u0000substantial adaptability but only a moderate level of resilience. When\u0000considering system responses across racial groups, Black and Hispanic groups\u0000were more severely impacted by pandemic disruptions than White and Asian\u0000groups. Physician abundance is the key characteristic for determining\u0000healthcare system resilience. Our results offer vital guidance in designing\u0000resilient and sustainable healthcare systems to prepare for future waves of\u0000disruptions akin to COVID-19 pandemics.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervised Pattern Recognition Involving Skewed Feature Densities","authors":"Alexandre Benatti, Luciano da F. Costa","doi":"arxiv-2409.01213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.01213","url":null,"abstract":"Pattern recognition constitutes a particularly important task underlying a\u0000great deal of scientific and technologica activities. At the same time, pattern\u0000recognition involves several challenges, including the choice of features to\u0000represent the data elements, as well as possible respective transformations. In\u0000the present work, the classification potential of the Euclidean distance and a\u0000dissimilarity index based on the coincidence similarity index are compared by\u0000using the k-neighbors supervised classification method respectively to features\u0000resulting from several types of transformations of one- and two-dimensional\u0000symmetric densities. Given two groups characterized by respective densities\u0000without or with overlap, different types of respective transformations are\u0000obtained and employed to quantitatively evaluate the performance of k-neighbors\u0000methodologies based on the Euclidean distance an coincidence similarity index.\u0000More specifically, the accuracy of classifying the intersection point between\u0000the densities of two adjacent groups is taken into account for the comparison.\u0000Several interesting results are described and discussed, including the enhanced\u0000potential of the dissimilarity index for classifying datasets with right skewed\u0000feature densities, as well as the identification that the sharpness of the\u0000comparison between data elements can be independent of the respective\u0000supervised classification performance.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the High-Voltage Grid Using Open Data for Europe and Beyond","authors":"Bobby Xiong, Davide Fioriti, Fabian Neumann, Iegor Riepin, Tom Brown","doi":"arxiv-2408.17178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.17178","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides the background, methodology and validation for\u0000constructing a representation of the European high-voltage grid, including and\u0000above 200 kV, based on public data provided by OpenStreetMap. The\u0000model-independent grid dataset is published under the Open Data Commons Open\u0000Database (ODbL 1.0) licence and can be used for large-scale electricity as well\u0000as energy system modelling. The dataset and workflow are provided as part of\u0000PyPSA-Eur -- an open-source, sector-coupled optimisation model of the European\u0000energy system. By integrating with the codebase for initiatives such as\u0000PyPSA-Earth, the value of open and maintainable high-voltage grid data extends\u0000to the global context. By accessing the latest data through the the Overpass\u0000turbo API, the dataset can be easily reconstructed and updated within minutes.\u0000To assess the data quality, this paper further compares the dataset with\u0000official statistics and representative model runs using PyPSA-Eur based on\u0000different electricity grid representations.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exaptation: Academic mentees' career pathway to be independent and impactful","authors":"Yanmeng Xing, Ye Sun, Tongxin Pan, Xianglong Liang, Giacomo Livan, Yifang Ma","doi":"arxiv-2408.16992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.16992","url":null,"abstract":"In science, mentees often follow their mentors' career paths, but exceptional\u0000mentees frequently break from this routine, sometimes even outperforming their\u0000mentors. However, the pathways to independence for these excellent mentees and\u0000their interactions with mentors remain unclear. We analyzed the careers of over\u0000500,000 mentees in Chemistry, Neuroscience, and Physics over the past 60 years\u0000to examine the strategies mentees employ in selecting research topics relative\u0000to their mentors, how these strategies evolve, and their resulting impact.\u0000Utilizing co-citation network analysis and a topic-specific impact allocation\u0000algorithm, we mapped the topic territory for each mentor-mentee pair and\u0000quantified their academic impact accrued within the topic. Our findings reveal\u0000mentees tend to engage with their mentors' less-dominated topics and explore\u0000new topics at the same time, and through this exaptive process, they begin to\u0000progressively establish their own research territories. This trend is\u0000particularly pronounced among those who outperform their mentors. Moreover, we\u0000identified an inverted U-shaped curve between the extent of topic divergence\u0000and the mentees' long-term impact, suggesting a moderate divergence from the\u0000mentors' research focus optimizes the mentees' academic impact. Finally, along\u0000the path to independence, increased coauthorship with mentors impedes the\u0000mentees' impact, whereas extending their collaboration networks with the\u0000mentors' former collaborators proves beneficial. These findings fill a crucial\u0000gap in understanding how mentees' research topic selection strategies affect\u0000academic success and offer valuable guidance for early-career researchers on\u0000pursuing independent research paths.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cartographie du confort thermique au sein d'une cours d'{é}cole parisienne : couplage de mesures microclimatiques fixes et mobiles","authors":"Ghid KaramLIED, Maïlys ChanialLIED, Maxime ChaumontLIED, Martin HendelLIED, Laurent Royon","doi":"arxiv-2409.00148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.00148","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change will result in more frequent, more intense and longer-lasting\u0000heat waves by 2050. As part of its Climate Plan and its resilience strategy,\u0000the City of Paris is deploying, through its Oasis program, a network of urban\u0000cool islands to mitigate the urban heat island phenomena: schoolyards are\u0000renovated in order to reduce the heat stress of users. We establish a\u0000methodology aiming to quantify the microclimatic impact of the transformation.\u0000Mobile measurements are carried out within a case courtyard under hot\u0000conditions and coupled with fixed weather station data to evaluate heat stress\u0000using UTCI. The heat stress mapping thus obtained allows a first microclimatic\u0000diagnosis of the schoolyard.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autocorrelation properties of temporal networks governed by dynamic node variables","authors":"Harrison Hartle, Naoki Masuda","doi":"arxiv-2408.16270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.16270","url":null,"abstract":"We study synthetic temporal networks whose evolution is determined by\u0000stochastically evolving node variables - synthetic analogues of, e.g., temporal\u0000proximity networks of mobile agents. We quantify the long-timescale\u0000correlations of these evolving networks by an autocorrelative measure of edge\u0000persistence. Several distinct patterns of autocorrelation arise, including\u0000power-law decay and exponential decay, depending on the choice of node-variable\u0000dynamics and connection probability function. Our methods are also applicable\u0000in wider contexts; our temporal network models are tractable mathematically and\u0000in simulation, and our long-term memory quantification is analytically\u0000tractable and straightforwardly computable from temporal network data.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typical daily profiles of PM concentrations in parisian underground railway stations","authors":"Valisoa RakotonirinjanaharyPC2A, Suzanne CrumeyrolleLOA, Mateusz BogdanPC2A, Benjamin HanounePC2A","doi":"arxiv-2409.08291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08291","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the understanding of air quality within underground railway\u0000stations (URS), a methodology has been developed to establish a baseline\u0000profile of particle concentrations (PM10 and PM2.5). This approach incorporates\u0000an extensive data cleaning process based on the identification of URS operation\u0000periods, physically inconsistent or mathematically aberrant data, and comparing\u0000the profile of each day to an average profile. The versatility of this\u0000methodology allows its application to different particle classes within various\u0000URS. The results obtained from the three studied URS indicate the possibility\u0000of obtaining reliable daily typical profiles even over short measurement\u0000periods (up to one or two weeks).","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Utilization Patterns Among Migrant Populations: Increased Readmissions Suggest Poorer Access. A Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Elma Dervić, Ola Ali, Carola Deischinger, Rafael Prieto-Curiel, Rainer Stütz, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Peter Klimek","doi":"arxiv-2408.16317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.16317","url":null,"abstract":"Equal access to health ensures that all citizens, regardless of\u0000socio-economic status, can achieve optimal health, leading to a more\u0000productive, equitable, and resilient society. Yet, migrant populations were\u0000frequently observed to have lower access to health. The reasons for this are\u0000not entirely clear and may include language barriers, a lack of knowledge of\u0000the healthcare system, and selective migration (a \"healthy migrant\" effect). We\u0000use extensive medical claims data from Austria (13 million hospital stays of\u0000approximately 4 million individuals) to compare the healthcare utilization\u0000patterns between Austrians and non-Austrians. We looked at the differences in\u0000primary diagnoses and hospital sections of initial hospital admission across\u0000different nationalities. We hypothesize that cohorts experiencing the healthy\u0000migrant effect show lower readmission rates after hospitalization compared to\u0000migrant populations that are in poorer health but show lower hospitalization\u0000rates due to barriers in access. We indeed find that all nationalities showed\u0000lower hospitalization rates than Austrians, except for Germans, who exhibit a\u0000similar healthcare usage to Austrians. Although around 20% of the population\u0000has a migration background, non-Austrian citizens account for only 9.4% of the\u0000hospital patients and 9.79% of hospital nights. However, results for\u0000readmission rates are much more divergent. Nationalities like Hungary, Romania,\u0000and Turkey (females) show decreased readmission rates in line with the healthy\u0000migrant effect. Patients from Russia, Serbia, and Turkey (males) show increased\u0000readmissions, suggesting that their lower hospitalization rates are more likely\u0000due to access barriers. Considering the surge in migration, our findings shed\u0000light on healthcare access and usage behaviours across patients with different\u0000nationalities, offering new insights and perspectives.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Decade's Power Outage Data Reveals the Increasing Vulnerability of U.S. Power Infrastructure","authors":"Bo Li, Junwei Ma, Femi Omitaomu, Ali Mostafavi","doi":"arxiv-2408.15882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.15882","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant anecdotal evidence regarding the vulnerability of the\u0000U.S. power infrastructure, there is a dearth of longitudinal and nation-level\u0000characterization of the spatial and temporal patterns in the frequency and\u0000extent of power outages. A data-driven national-level characterization of power\u0000outage vulnerability is particularly essential for understanding the urgency\u0000and formulating policies to promote the resilience of power infrastructure\u0000systems. Recognizing this, we retrieved 179,053,397 county-level power outage\u0000records with a 15-minute interval across 3,022 US counties during 2014-2023 to\u0000capture power outage characteristics. We focus on three dimensions--power\u0000outage intensity, frequency, and duration--and develop multiple metrics to\u0000quantify each dimension of power outage vulnerability. The results show that in\u0000the past ten years, the vulnerability of U.S. power system has consistently\u0000been increasing. Counties experienced an average of 999.4 outages over the\u0000decade, affecting an average of more than 540,000 customers per county, with\u0000disruptions occurring approximately every week. Coastal areas, particularly in\u0000California, Florida and New Jersey, faced more frequent and prolonged outages,\u0000while inland regions showed higher outage rates. A concerning increase in\u0000outage frequency and intensity was noted, especially after 2017, with a sharp\u0000rise in prolonged outages since 2019. The research also found positive\u0000association between social vulnerability and outage metrics, with the\u0000association becoming stronger over the years under study. Areas with higher\u0000social vulnerability experienced more severe and frequent outages, exacerbating\u0000challenges in these regions. These findings reveal the much-needed empirical\u0000evidence for stakeholders to inform policy formulation and program development\u0000for enhancing the resilience of the U.S. power infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":501043,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Physics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}