WIREs Climate Change最新文献_第2页

A First Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Agricultural Peatlands in Canada: Evaluation of Climate Change Mitigation Potential 加拿大农业泥炭地温室气体排放首次评估：评估减缓气候变化的潜力

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.925

Maria Strack, Kelly Ann Bona, Chang Liang

{"title":"A First Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Agricultural Peatlands in Canada: Evaluation of Climate Change Mitigation Potential","authors":"Maria Strack, Kelly Ann Bona, Chang Liang","doi":"10.1002/wcc.925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.925","url":null,"abstract":"Canada has a quarter of the world's peatlands accounting for an estimated 150 Gt of stored carbon. While over 98% of Canadian peatlands are intact, agriculture has been estimated as accounting for the greatest peatland disturbance by area. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatland agriculture can contribute a large proportion of national anthropogenic emissions for some countries. In Canada, estimates of GHG emissions from cultivated peat soils are incomplete. Improved accounting of these GHG emissions is required to inform decisions about where to deploy ecological restoration projects and where to allow future agricultural expansion as climate warms. Compiled studies that measured GHG fluxes from agricultural peat fields in Canada resulted in mean emissions factors of 5.1 t CO2e ha−1 year−1, −0.12 kg CH4 ha−1 year−1, and 14.3 kg N2O‐N ha−1 year−1 for carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, respectively. Combining these values with a compilation of estimates of agricultural peatland disturbance area in Canada, GHG emissions estimates in Canada arising from peatland converted to agriculture remain highly uncertain, ranging from 1.4 to 35 Mt CO2e year−1, with a median value near 18 Mt CO2e year−1. The largest contributor to this wide range of estimates is uncertainty peatland area affected, indicating an urgent need to improving mapping of organic soils under agriculture in Canada. To help guide decision‐making in Canada, we recommend a network of research stations across a range of agricultural management intensities and climate regions for monitoring hydrological conditions and GHG exchange on organic soils affected by agriculture.","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Cover Image, Volume 15, Issue 6 封面图片，第 15 卷第 6 期

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.926

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The Promise of Resistance: A New Lens for Climate Change Adaptation Research and Practice 抵抗的希望：气候变化适应研究与实践的新视角

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.922

Megan Mills‐Novoa, Michael Mikulewicz

{"title":"The Promise of Resistance: A New Lens for Climate Change Adaptation Research and Practice","authors":"Megan Mills‐Novoa, Michael Mikulewicz","doi":"10.1002/wcc.922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.922","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, thousands of climate change adaptation projects have been implemented globally. While there has been substantial scholarship on the extent and nature of adaptation efforts, fewer studies have examined why and how adaptation projects are being resisted. An analysis of resistance to adaptation offers critical insights to scholars and practitioners by recognizing the contentious nature of adaptation pathways and highlighting alternative visions for adaptation. Drawing on 20 case studies identified through a systematic review of the literature, we identify nine insights for research and practice. First, there is little literature on resistance to adaptation, suggesting that it is being underreported. Second, resistance to adaptation is not an anomaly, spanning sectors, actors, and geographies. Third, resistance to adaptation initiatives often has little to do with climate change skepticism. Fourth, the modes and outcomes of resistance are creative and diverse. Fifth, the state plays a critical, but not uniform, role in adaptation and thus resistance. Sixth, formal participation mechanisms can accommodate, neutralize, or facilitate resistance to adaptation. Seventh, the diverse goals of resistance reflect the multiplicity of imagined adaptation futures. Eighth, resistance is generative of material outcomes and novel subjectivities. Ninth, resistance can be costly, fracturing, and ineffective. This review highlights the need to further investigate resistance to climate change adaptation, which should be seen as a site of political struggle between different conceptions of what adaptation is and should be. It also provides insights for identifying maladaptation and pathways toward more emancipative forms of adaptation.","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Migration as Adaptation? The Falepili Union Between Australia and Tuvalu 移民是适应？澳大利亚和图瓦卢之间的法勒皮利联盟

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.924

Jon Barnett, Carol Farbotko, Taukiei Kitara, Bateteba Aselu

{"title":"Migration as Adaptation? The Falepili Union Between Australia and Tuvalu","authors":"Jon Barnett, Carol Farbotko, Taukiei Kitara, Bateteba Aselu","doi":"10.1002/wcc.924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.924","url":null,"abstract":"Australia and Tuvalu recently signed a unique treaty called the Australia‐Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty, on climate change adaptation, migration, and security. Here we analyze the treaty's migration provision which will enable citizens of Tuvalu to live and work in Australia. We ground our analysis in the state of knowledge about climate change and migration in Tuvalu, explaining the Falepili Union and the ways in which its migration provision may be either a mechanism for adaptation or maladaptation. We then describe a range of policy conditions to maximize the adaptation outcomes for Tuvalu and Tuvaluans. These include measures from the Australian government to support Tuvaluans who migrate as well as the Tuvaluan‐Australians who will be key to their integration, and invest in key sectors in Tuvalu such as coastal protection, ICT, and transport. Cooperation between the Tuvalu and Australian governments will also be needed to help direct remittances into public goods and adaptive technologies and practices, to harness the benefits of skills and training for both economies and to monitor the scheme to ensure it delivers adaptation outcomes to Tuvalu and Tuvaluans. Further policy measures discussed include the selection of people eligible for migration and improved communications about the benefits and risks and governance of the scheme. Most if not all of these will be necessary if the migration provision of the Faleplili Union is to be a mechanism for adaptation.","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Adaptation and Peace: Extending the Agenda for Capacity‐Building in Climate and Conflict‐Affected Communities 适应与和平：扩展受气候和冲突影响社区的能力建设议程

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.921

Luisa Fernanda Bedoya Taborda, Michele L. Barnes, Tiffany H. Morrison

{"title":"Adaptation and Peace: Extending the Agenda for Capacity‐Building in Climate and Conflict‐Affected Communities","authors":"Luisa Fernanda Bedoya Taborda, Michele L. Barnes, Tiffany H. Morrison","doi":"10.1002/wcc.921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.921","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change impacts on the social–ecological conditions that communities depend on may increase the vulnerabilities to new conflicts. Yet, the communities that will be most impacted by climate change, as noted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are already conflict‐affected communities. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies (n = 212) in Spanish and English on the climate–conflict relationship. We found that most studies are focused on a direct relationship between climate change and violent conflict, and there has been less attention on a contextual or indirect relationship in already conflict‐affected communities. Studies on this contextual or indirect relationship suggest a climate change–conflict cycle that is negatively reinforcing, whereby violent conflict increases climate change vulnerability and feedback from climate change increases violent conflict vulnerability. While limited in number, such studies provide important insights enabling further conceptual development and empirical examination of how climate impacts interact with violent conflict, and how governance efforts can simultaneously support peacebuilding and climate change adaptation. Drawing this work together with the latest frameworks in conflict studies and adaptation, we sketch out a promising synthetic agenda, focusing on how to design policies and projects that build synergistic capacities and address cumulative and interactive impacts of climate change and violent conflict. Without such insight, efforts to treat climate and conflict in parallel may be ineffective or even counterproductive, worsening violent conflict and, in turn, further reducing the capacities of communities to build peace and resilience.","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Past Answers to Present Concerns. The Relevance of the Premodern Past for 21st Century Policy Planners: Comments on the State of the Field 过去对当前关切的回答。前现代的过去对 21 世纪政策规划者的意义：对该领域现状的评论

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.923

John Haldon, Lee Mordechai, Andrew Dugmore, Merle Eisenberg, Georgina Endfield, Adam Izdebski, Rowan Jackson, Luke Kemp, Inga Labuhn, Thomas McGovern, Sarah Metcalfe, Kathleen D. Morrison, Timothy Newfield, Benjamin Trump

{"title":"Past Answers to Present Concerns. The Relevance of the Premodern Past for 21st Century Policy Planners: Comments on the State of the Field","authors":"John Haldon, Lee Mordechai, Andrew Dugmore, Merle Eisenberg, Georgina Endfield, Adam Izdebski, Rowan Jackson, Luke Kemp, Inga Labuhn, Thomas McGovern, Sarah Metcalfe, Kathleen D. Morrison, Timothy Newfield, Benjamin Trump","doi":"10.1002/wcc.923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.923","url":null,"abstract":"How is history relevant to the present, or indeed the future? Governments around the world have used history to inform planning and decision‐making in various fields for years, but more recently it has taken on a renewed importance as governments grapple with increasingly complex challenges arising from the impacts of climatic change. Yet identifying “lessons from the past” is not straightforward. Especially in the case of big questions about historical structures and social processes, establishing precise causal relationships is complex and interpretive, making consensus difficult among specialists. A second major challenge arises over the uses of history. Historical precedent can and does play a role in some contexts in helping formulate new strategies for addressing local environmental challenges. At the national level policy‐makers and politicians often look to the past for inspiration, guidance, or justification. In both respects, the cases and examples chosen are often highly selective and tend to align with pre‐existing assumptions. This article briefly reviews these challenges within the context of climate change and associated environmental and sustainability issues, comments on recent work in the field, and suggests some ways forward for historians.","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Climate change mitigation policies in agriculture: An overview of sociopolitical barriers 农业气候变化减缓政策：社会政治障碍综述

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.916

Kayenat Kabir, Sophie de Vries Robbe, Catrina Godinho

{"title":"Climate change mitigation policies in agriculture: An overview of sociopolitical barriers","authors":"Kayenat Kabir, Sophie de Vries Robbe, Catrina Godinho","doi":"10.1002/wcc.916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.916","url":null,"abstract":"The realization of the economic and technical potential of climate mitigation policies in agriculture is influenced by how sociopolitical issues are considered in policy development and implementation. Based on a narrative review of the literature, this article provides an overview of common sociopolitical barriers facing supply‐side and demand‐side mitigation measures in agriculture. Understanding these sociopolitical issues can provide opportunities for the full realization of mitigation policy potentials. They are presented under four themes: local context, adoption capacity, and distributional impacts; food security, costs, and choices in food consumption; political considerations related to electoral weight and lobbying; and international aspects regarding emissions metrics, trade, and big agriculture. Designing complementary policies and second‐best options, incorporating local knowledge in policy design, recognizing women's voice and role in sustainable agriculture, planning for job transitions, engaging stakeholders through multiscalar platforms, and appropriately framing and communicating policies in a digestible manner are some considerations to address these sociopolitical barriers.This article is categorized under: Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation ","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Managing the decline of coal in a decarbonizing China 在去碳化的中国管理煤炭的衰退

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.918

Michael R. Davidson

{"title":"Managing the decline of coal in a decarbonizing China","authors":"Michael R. Davidson","doi":"10.1002/wcc.918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.918","url":null,"abstract":"Pressures to address climate change are eroding the privileged role coal has held in China throughout its modernization. Phasing down coal requires a suite of supply‐ and demand‐side tools to both reduce production (and therefore, maintain sufficiently high prices) and shift to coal alternatives across diverse consumption sectors. This review outlines contours of the coming coal transition by documenting coal's rise in modern China, its status in key debates of today's energy system, and the range of modeling scenarios of coal's future to mid‐century. In addition, through an analysis of current efforts and impacts in four transition policy areas—supply‐side, demand‐side, employment and social impacts, and stranded assets and fiscal revenues—it identifies gaps and future recommendations. Emerging scholarship on enhancing political feasibility and fostering a “just transition” needs to move beyond global cases and address highly localized and temporally bound impacts.This article is categorized under: The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Future of Global Energy Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy ","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Corporations and climate change: An overview 公司与气候变化：概述

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.919

Christopher Wright, Daniel Nyberg

{"title":"Corporations and climate change: An overview","authors":"Christopher Wright, Daniel Nyberg","doi":"10.1002/wcc.919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.919","url":null,"abstract":"Corporations are primary emitters of greenhouse gases yet are also portrayed as key agents in responding to climate change. This overview article explains corporate responses to the climate crisis at three levels of analysis: (i) political (shaping the climate debate and influencing climate policy); (ii) organizational (enacting strategies and practices to address climate change); and (iii) individual (managers and employees caring about and acting on climate change in their personal and professional lives). Our synthesis of the burgeoning literature on corporations and climate change in the fields of management and organization studies, human geography, and political economy highlights how and why particular corporate responses have been enacted, encompassing managerial as well as more critical and radical understandings of business activities.This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation ","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Nonanthropocentric climate ethics 非人类中心主义气候伦理

WIREs Climate Change Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.920

John Nolt, Trevor Hedberg

{"title":"Nonanthropocentric climate ethics","authors":"John Nolt, Trevor Hedberg","doi":"10.1002/wcc.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.920","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic climate change poses increasingly severe long‐term threats to living things worldwide. It may even contribute to a mass extinction that would leave biodiversity depleted for millions of years—quite possibly longer than the duration of the human species. Such effects are obviously of ethical concern, but because traditional ethical theories have focused on the relatively short‐term interests of human beings, they offer little guidance. In the late 20th century, a growing number of ethical activists and theorists sought to expand moral consideration to nonhuman animals and to the diverse life forms and habitats of wild nature. Simultaneously and at first independently, others began to develop long‐term (sometimes called “intergenerational”) ethics, which extends moral consideration into the distant future. Concerns about future climate change quickly became a central focus of this work. But only in this century have there been concerted efforts to integrate these lines of thought into far‐sighted nonanthropocentric climate ethics. These efforts are the subject of this review.This article is categorized under: Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Assessing Climate Change in the Context of Other Issues Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Comparative Environmental Values ","PeriodicalId":501019,"journal":{"name":"WIREs Climate Change","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0