Innovations in pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Africa's vaccines manufacturing revolution: Lessons from COVID-19, ongoing efforts, and challenges to overcome.","authors":"Olivier Sibomana, Marie Grace Uwizeyimana","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i3.6592","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i3.6592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant disparities in global vaccine production and distribution, with Africa being disproportionately impacted. Despite accounting for 17% of the global population, the continent received only a small fraction of the initial global vaccine supply. Currently, 99% of vaccines used in Africa are imported, with only 1% produced locally. The pandemic underscored the critical need for Africa to achieve self-sufficiency in vaccine production, highlighting the importance of developing manufacturing capacity for future pandemic preparedness and the eradication of infectious diseases. In response, Africa has set a target to locally produce 60% of its vaccine requirements by 2040, supported by initiatives such as the Partnerships for African Vaccine Manufacturing (PAVM), the African Vaccine Manufacturing Accelerator (AVMA), and the Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing Collaborative (RVMC), along with other considerable efforts. Despite progress, challenges related to infrastructure, human resources, and financing remain. This paper aims to describe Africa's vaccine manufacturing revolution, drawing lessons from COVID-19, exploring ongoing efforts, and addressing the challenges that must be overcome to achieve vaccine independence in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adequacy of vancomycin initial dosing in CRBSI for hemodialysis patients in a specialized district hospital of Malaysia.","authors":"Rohidayah Abd Majid, Pei San Err, Nurul Fazleen Abd Malik, Mohd Afif Syazani Sulaiman, Nur Fatin Afiqah Fakhrul Anwar, Muhammed Luqmanulhakim Abu Bakar","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i3.6757","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i3.6757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a common complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients with central venous catheters (CVCs), and are often caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Vancomycin is the preferred first-line treatment for MRSA-related CRBSI. At Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah (HPSF), the current protocol for CRBSI in HD patients involves a weight-based intravenous (IV) vancomycin loading dose (LD) of 25 mg/kg, followed by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) within 48 hours post-administration. This study evaluates the adequacy of the initial dosing regimen in achieving the target serum vancomycin concentration (SVC) of 15-20 mcg/ml. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized HD patients receiving IV vancomycin from July 1, 2022, to July 31, 2023. Data were collected from TDM request orders in the Pharmacy Information System (PhIS). The primary outcomes analyzed were the proportion of patients achieving the target SVC and factors influencing vancomycin pharmacokinetics. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between SVC and variables such as time-to-first-sampling (TTFS), age, and initial vancomycin dose. <b>Results:</b> A total of 106 TDM samples were analyzed. The mean vancomycin LD was 1568.2 mg (SD 303.6), with a mean TTFS of 41.2 hours (SD 11.8). Only 32.1% of patients achieved the target SVC, while 56.6% had subtherapeutic levels and 11.3% had supratherapeutic levels. Multiple linear regression identified TTFS (p=0.003), age (p=0.002), and initial dose (p=0.004) as significant predictors of SVC. <b>Conclusion:</b> The current vancomycin dosing protocol at HPSF does not consistently achieve therapeutic SVC in HD patients with CRBSI. Increasing the LD to 25-35 mg/kg and optimizing TTFS within 24-48 hours may improve target attainment. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and refine vancomycin dosing strategies in HD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational pilot study: Assessing utilization rates of safe-disposal systems for acute opioid prescriptions post pharmacist-led counseling.","authors":"Mary Catherine Platz, Erica Shelton, Gretchen K Garofoli, Betsy M Elswick","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i3.6326","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i3.6326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> While previous studies have highlighted the critical need for safe opioid disposal systems, there is limited information regarding patient utilization of these systems. This study aimed to determine if pharmacist-led education improved patients' use of medication disposal systems. <b>Methods:</b> An observational pilot study was conducted at a single location of a large community pharmacy chain, enrolling patients receiving acute opioid prescriptions for short-term pain management following an outpatient procedure or inpatient admission. The objective was to determine if in-depth, pharmacist-led disposal counseling had an impact on patient utilization of a safe disposal system. Eligible patients were assigned to either the control or study group and underwent the appropriate counseling. Both groups received standard-of-care pharmacist-led counseling at prescription pick-up, and the treatment group received additional information regarding the disposal system. After three weeks, participants were contacted via telephone to determine if the disposal system was used. <b>Results:</b> A total of 100 participants were enrolled, with 63 completing the follow-up questionnaire. Among those, 3 participants (4.8%) reported using the safe medication disposal system for the dispensed opioid or an unwanted medication in their household, though it was unclear if these medications were initially co-dispensed with the disposal system. Twenty-seven participants (42.9%) reported no remaining medication, while 6 participants (16.7%) with leftover medication expressed a desire to keep it in case of future pain. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrates that patients are unlikely to utilize safe disposal systems for unused opioids, even with pharmacist counseling. These findings highlight the need for further research into effective disposal strategies and the development of more robust interventions to enhance safe medication practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Project IMPACT: Test and Treat. Increasing access to Test and Treat services through community pharmacy.","authors":"Jonathan Little, Benjamin M Bluml, Ambarish J Ambegaonkar, Dhanish Revanth Rangaswamy Nandakumar","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6625","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Community pharmacists are able to provide patients with access to high-quality Test and Treat services for respiratory illness utilizing innovative rapid molecular diagnostic tests, and to prescribe medication treatment when appropriate. <b>Methods:</b> The primary objective of this prospective health economics and outcomes research was to evaluate the impact that pharmacists can have on patients through compensated and scalable rapid molecular Test and Treat services for COVID-19, influenza, and strep infection. Patients were surveyed to evaluate economic considerations and analyze the pharmacy-based care model. <b>Results:</b> Pharmacists enrolled 253 patients, among whom there were 71 positive test results and 259 negative test results. Of the 71 patients with a positive test, 26 were prescribed medications, and 23 were dispensed medication within one day of the positive test (88%). Overall, 98% of the survey respondents indicated satisfaction with the Test and Treat service. Furthermore, although the service was free to the patients enrolled, over 80% of survey respondents indicated a willingness to pay. Survey respondents indicated a very high opinion of the test itself, with 98% indicating that the use of rapid molecular testing gave them comfort in being tested in the pharmacy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Community pharmacists in this research were able to perform high-quality rapid molecular testing for respiratory illness, which led to significant interventions and high patient satisfaction. The pharmacists were able to serve patients who indicated that, if not for the pharmacy, they may otherwise have sought higher acuity care unnecessarily. When compared to similar testing service offerings through other providers and settings, the Test and Treat service demonstrated meaningful cost savings to the patient and the health care system. These results portend a strong case for establishing legislative authority for pharmacists to conduct these services throughout the U.S.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Considerations in Carbamazepine Pharmacogenomics Testing.","authors":"Madeline Yuzwa, Rachel Conrad Bracken","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6339","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbamazepine, a widely used anticonvulsant, exemplifies both the promise and challenges of pharmacogenomics in personalized medicine. This paper critically examines the ethical implications of pharmacogenomic testing for carbamazepine, focusing on the limitations of current FDA guidelines. Through a comprehensive literature review and ethical analysis, we argue that these guidelines inadequately address key ethical concerns, including patient privacy, autonomy, equitable access, and potential genetic discrimination. We propose an updated framework for ethical implementation of pharmacogenomic testing, emphasizing four key areas: ensuring consistent and equitable access to testing, comprehensive patient education and informed consent, robust patient privacy and data management practices, and culturally aware approaches to genetic counseling. Our recommendations call for interdisciplinary collaboration to develop more comprehensive guidelines that balance clinical efficacy with ethical considerations in the rapidly evolving field of pharmacogenomics.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated patient enrollment in Meds to Beds services.","authors":"Shervin Gorji, Alla Melamed Khaytin, Emily Zoelle, Anatoliy Fain, Jordan Denas, Tammy Nguyen, Joshua Yaich","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6378","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study evaluated the impact of pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated patient enrollment in the Meds to Beds program. The primary objective was to compare the number of high-risk readmission patients enrolled through pharmacist-initiated versus provider-initiated processes. Secondary objectives included comparing 30-day all-cause and heart failure readmission rates, number of prescriptions delivered, patients receiving pharmacist counseling, and impact on HCAHPS scores. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective, single-center cohort study compared patients in the provider-initiated program (August-October 2023) with those in the pharmacist-initiated program (November 2023-February 2024) at Mount Sinai Brooklyn. Inclusion criteria for the intervention group included patients with COPD, asthma, CHF, ACS, diabetes, hypertension, or age >75. Exclusion criteria included discharges to long-term care facilities and prescriptions for C-II controlled substances. Data analysis included the number of patients being enrolled, counseling numbers, prescribed medications, and readmission rates. Data were sourced from Epic. Descriptive statistics, p-values, and chi-squared testing were used for analysis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 380 patients were enrolled in the pharmacist-initiated group and 162 in the provider-initiated group; 228 and 162 patients received counseling in the respective groups. Of those counseled, 19.7% in the pharmacist-initiated group were readmitted within 30 days, compared to 19.1% in the provider-initiated group. For heart failure patients, 29.6% in the pharmacist-initiated group were readmitted within 30 days, versus 36.4% in the provider-initiated group. HCAHPS scores increased by 15% from Q1 to Q4 2023. The pharmacist-initiated process saw a 26% increase in total medications prescribed. <b>Conclusion:</b> Pharmacists played a pivotal role in enhancing the Meds to Beds process to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Equitable Use of Formulary Drug Tier Systems: Consequences for Geriatric Patient Population Access and Accessible Medication.","authors":"Vishwanauth Persaud, Albert I Wertheimer","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6330","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6330","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; This study examines the implications of formulary drug tier systems on the accessibility and affordability of medications for the elderly/geriatric population within the New York metropolitan area. By systematically reviewing the Medicare insurance formularies and evaluating the most prescribed medicines with reported beneficial outcomes for ailments frequently experienced by the geriatric population, this research identifies disparities in drug tier placements and the cost of dispensing that may affect patient outcomes. The focus is on five prevalent conditions: Alzheimer's dementia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2DM). The findings aim to highlight the need for more equitable healthcare policies that consider the financial and medical needs of the elderly population. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This study reviewed the formulary tier systems used by Medicare, the primary insurance provider for the elderly in New York City. The research focused on medications prescribed for Alzheimer's disease, COPD, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes. Data on tier placements were extracted from Medicare Part D formularies, with a detailed examination of the criteria for tier assignment. The study identified the three most prescribed medications for each condition, using data from relevant health organizations and literature. An economic analysis was conducted to compare the costs associated with these medications, assessing the financial burden on patients. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The study revealed a prevalence of chronic conditions among New York City's elderly population. Medications commonly prescribed for these conditions were reviewed, with a focus on their placement within the Medicare Formulary Tier system and associated costs. The analysis highlighted substantial variations in cost and tier placement, affecting patient affordability and adherence. For example, Alzheimer's medications like galantamine and rivastigmine were found in higher tiers, leading to increased out-of-pocket expenses, while COPD treatments such as Symbicort and Trelegy Ellipta, although in preferred tiers, still imposed significant financial burdens. Rheumatoid arthritis drugs showed a wide cost range, with Humira in Tier 5 presenting the highest financial challenge. Similarly, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes medications varied in affordability, with drugs like Eliquis and Steglatro positioned in higher tiers, significantly impacting patient costs and potential treatment adherence. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Elderly patients in the United States, especially those dealing with chronic conditions are facing a substantial financial strain due to the increasing prices of prescription medications. Even with recent initiatives like the Inflation Reduction Act aimed at lowering expenses, the financial burden persists, causing issues with treatment adherence and negative heal","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Therapeutic drug monitoring of Isavuconazole in Invasive Mold Infection on Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - A Case Report.","authors":"Blain Thayer, Taylor D Steuber, Alexandria Rydz, Jenna Fleming, Justin Sorenson, Michael Arnold, Taylor Nelson","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6563","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isavuconazole is an azole antifungal with extended activity against yeast and molds. It is highly lipophilic, largely protein bound, and has a large volume of distribution. Critically ill patients exhibit altered pharmacokinetics (PK) of antimicrobials due to physiologic changes and other organ support modalities, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Azole antifungals, including isavuconazole, are prone to significant reduction in serum concentrations during ECMO support as a result of sequestration in the circuit and mechanical destruction of the drug via centrifugal pump, often necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Herein, we report a case of a young male treated for suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis who was placed on ECMO and treated with isavuconazole. Despite escalating doses and intense TDM, therapeutic concentrations were unable to be achieved. The patient was switched to voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B. The patient achieved clinical improvement and switched back to isavuconazole to complete a 12-week course after ECMO decannulation occurred. This case highlights the importance of isavuconazole TDM, especially during ECMO, and consideration of alternative agents if necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact and clinical outcomes of a pharmacist and dietitian co-led employee wellness program.","authors":"Elena Patestos, Nicole C Pezzino","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6577","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Hypertension and diabetes are prevalent chronic disease states. Pharmacists and dietitians collaborated to develop and implement employee benefit programs for hypertension and diabetes at a regional grocery store. The hybrid program included virtual education modules and check-in calls to monitor participants. <b>Objectives:</b> The primary objective of this study is to measure the change in blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and/or weight through program participation. The secondary objective is to evaluate the participants' reported impact through survey results. <b>Methods:</b> Blood pressure, HbA1c, and weight data were collected at baseline and 3 months post-program participation. Investigators utilized descriptive statistics and a paired t-test to evaluate retrospective clinical data. Participants were recruited via email to complete a questionnaire to assess the reported impact.The questionnaire evaluated the impact on health, quality of life, lifestyle modifications, and knowledge through a four-point Likert Scale. Questionnaire data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 15 participants completed the employee wellness program, with 80 enrolling in the hypertension program and 35 in the diabetes program. Of the 115 participants, 66 chose to complete the survey. Clinical results of the hypertension program were average changes in systolic blood pressure of -4.15 mmHg (p<0.014), diastolic blood pressure -3.55 mmHg (p<0.001), and weight -2.95 lbs (p=0.001). Results of the diabetes program were average changes in HbA1c of -0.43% (p=0.004) and weight -4.57 lbs (p=0.004). Participants reported a positive impact on all aspects evaluated through the questionnaire. Content analysis identified program benefits including knowledge gained, condition improvements, positive experiences, and willingness to recommend to others. <b>Conclusion:</b> There was a clinically and statistically significant reduction in blood pressure, HbA1c, and weight from completing a pharmacist and dietitian co-led employee wellness program. Participants reported a positive impact on health, quality of life, lifestyle, and understanding of their condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist-Led Transitions of Care Reduced Hospital Readmission Rates for Medicare and Medicaid Patients.","authors":"Aubrey Baccari, Brian Henriksen, Vivian Kadus, Yvonne Zubovic","doi":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6401","DOIUrl":"10.24926/iip.v16i2.6401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> A patient's understanding, implementation of, and adherence to hospital discharge instructions are important in keeping them from being readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. The understanding of and ability to follow these instructions after the transition from hospital to home may be significantly supported by additional follow-up interactions by healthcare professionals. Programs supporting this crucial time in a patient's health outcomes have been described as Transition of Care Management (TCM). This study evaluated the impact of pharmacist-led TCM on all-cause 30-day readmission rates among Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) patients. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective chart review included adult CMS patients from a family medicine residency's primary outpatient clinic who were admitted to area hospitals between August 2021 and December 2022. The pharmacy team attempted to provide TCM services 292 times. The team (pharmacist, pharmacy residents, and students) phoned the discharged patients within 48 hours to discuss discharge instructions and assistance needs, and to schedule a TCM appointment with the patient's physician. The pharmacy team notified the interdisciplinary care team members to ensure comprehensive services would be provided. Data analysis examined three cohorts: those who were contacted and who received TCM, those who could not be reached, and those who were contacted but refused TCM services. The interventions were tracked and assessed together with patient readmissions. Subsequent evaluation compared those who received services to those who did not. Chi-square and descriptive statistics were applied to determine the result's significance (p< .05). Logistic regression was conducted to investigate associations between receiving TCM and 30-day readmission while controlling for demographic variables. <b>Results:</b> Patients who received pharmacy-led TCM were less likely to be readmitted within 30 days of discharge (16.9%) than those who did not (34.7%, p = 0.008). The most common pharmacist interventions were medication reconciliations (98.5%, n = 140), medication education (80.3%, n = 114), and disease state education (43.6%, n = 62) During the medication reconciliation there were discrepancies noted among 79.6% of the encounters in the intervention group. <b>Conclusion:</b> Pharmacist-led TCM interventions and follow-up appointments significantly reduced 30-day readmission rates for adult CMS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":501014,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in pharmacy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}