The Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Immune disturbances in individuals with post-COVID syndrome are not characterized by enhanced SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity","authors":"Veronica Ober, Felix Völk, Julia Sbierski-Kind, Eva Gruener, Renate Stirner, Gabriele Reiling, Svenja Feldmann, Gerardo Ibarra, Ulrich Seybold, Hans Stubbe, Kristina Adorjan, Johannes R Bogner, Julia Roider","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf211","url":null,"abstract":"Background Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is characterized by persistent symptoms lasting beyond 12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The underlying pathomechanims remain poorly understood. Methods We conducted detailed immunological analyses in 47 individuals with PCS, assessed >12 weeks post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and compared them to 25 convalescent controls without symptoms. We performed immune phenotyping of T and B cell subsets, assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific responses using activation-induced marker (AIM) flow cytometry for T cells, and tetramer staining of spike-specific B cells. Cytokine levels in peptide-stimulated cell supernatants and plasma were quantified using a Luminex platform. Results PCS individuals exhibited reduced frequencies of AIM+ SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells (OX40+, PDL1+) and CD8 T cells (CD137+, CD69+) following petide stimulation with S- or N-Antigen, accompanied by diminished IFNγ and IL2 as measured in the cell culture supernatants. In contrast, non-virus specific T cell populations, including their memory differentiation, activation and helper cell differentiation status did not differ between the groups. PCS individuals showed a significant increase in total (CD19+) and activated B cells (CD86+, HLA-DR+), but not in SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific B cells (∼0.2% of total B cells). Plasma cytokine analysis revealed elevated markers associated with vascular damage and inflammation in PCS individuals. Conclusion Persistent immune disturbances in individuals with PCS are characterized by reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses, increased B cell activation, and altered inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of PCS and may contribute to biomarker discovery and therapeutic development. Trialnumber: DRKS00030974 registry’s URL: https://www.bfarm.de/EN/BfArM/Tasks/German-Clinical-Trials-Register/_node.html","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of durable HBsAg loss after pegylated interferon-based therapy in HBeAg-negative CHB patients: a multicenter real-world study","authors":"Jun Chen, Zebing Huang, Xueyao Yang, Yongwen Yang, Min Tan, Lihua Duan, Xuexuan Li, Shang Gao, Zhiliang Gao, Yan Huang","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf198","url":null,"abstract":"Background Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is durable in some chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNɑ)-based treatment. However, factors associated with durable HBsAg loss are not clear. This study aimed to investigate predictors of durable HBsAg loss. Methods CHB patients with HBsAg loss were enrolled from 2018 to 2022 in the Everest Project and were followed up for 48 weeks after Peg-IFNɑ therapy discontinuation. Sustained response (SR) was defined as durable HBsAg loss with or without hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) appearance at the end of follow-up (EOF), while recurrence was characterized by HBsAg reversal and/or HBV DNA detectable during follow-up. Data on the risk factors of durable HBsAg loss were analyzed between SR and recurrence. Results 1046 patients were included in this study (822 with SR and 224 with recurrence). 21.41% (224/1046) of patients relapsed at EOF. HBsAb at the end of Peg-IFN treatment (EOT) and Peg-IFN consolidation therapy time were associated with SR (AUROC = 0.709, p < 0.001 and AUROC = 0.620, p < 0.001, respectively), with the optimal cut-off values of 25.67 IU/L and 12.786 weeks, respectively. The prediction model was developed based on HBsAb at EOT and consolidation therapy time, and AUROCs of the model for predicting efficacy in the training and validation sets were 0.7071 and 0.736, respectively. Conclusions HBsAb at EOT and Peg-IFN consolidation therapy time are potential predictors of durable HBsAg loss.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DHEA counteracts Leishmania donovani-induced cortisol: GR signalling-mediated immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory bias","authors":"Anuradha Seth, Mukul Dutta, Ritika Sarkar, Prabha Prusti, Shivani Katiyar, Susanta Kar","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf223","url":null,"abstract":"Imbalance of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) level was observed in several infectious diseases and high plasma cortisol levels were also found in human visceral leishmaniasis. However, the mechanism remains ambiguous. In L. donovani-infected BALB/c mice, we observe increased cortisol versus decreased DHEA levels coincide with high organ parasite burden and anti-inflammatory cytokines along with increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD1) expression. DHEA treatment in J774 and THP-1-derived macrophages restrains L. donovani-induced cortisol levels by inhibiting 11βHSD1 expression that increases pro-inflammatory and decreases anti-inflammatory mediators, thereby lowering intracellular parasitemia. In infected THP-1-derived macrophages, DHEA reciprocally regulates glucocorticoid receptors (GR) - GRα and GRβexpression, increasing GRα/GRβ heterodimers, which antagonize GRα homodimer binding on IL-10, DUSP-1 and IκBα promoters. Finally, L. donovani induces PPAR-γ binding on 11βHSD1 promoter by lipophosphoglycan, which drives cortisol production. Collectively, our observations identify DHEA as a potent immunomodulator which inhibits cortisol-mediated immunosuppression and GRβ induction to counteract GRα-anti-inflammatory signalling.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Tropism and Viral Genetics in Appendix Tissue Reservoirs of Subtype C HIV-1 Infected Aviremic Persons","authors":"Zhou Liu, Peter Julius, Dicle Yalcin, Guobin Kang, Cordilia Maria Himwaze, Luchenga Adam Mucheleng’anga, Luis Del Valle, John T West, Charles Wood","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf201","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress plasma viral loads in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), it cannot eliminate HIV-1 proviruses persisting in various tissue reservoirs, and HIV-1 will rebound after ART cessation. We have recently identified the appendix as a novel HIV tissue reservoir, but nothing is known about the provirus and the cellular tropism in this tissue. Methods We utilized single genome analysis of HIV-1 env DNA and compared the viral sequences from appendix tissues and lymph nodes of the same PLWH. Sequential multiplex immunofluorescence labeling and RNAscope in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded appendix sections were performed to identify cell types harboring HIV-1 proviral DNA in the appendix, by visualizing viral and cellular biomarkers co-localization. Results The viral populations from the appendix were less heterogeneous compared to the lymph nodes in aviremic individuals, suggesting there is reduced ART selective pressure or the presence of appendix tropic HIV-1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the follicular dendritic cell (FDC), rather than CD4+ T cell within the appendix is the major cell type harboring subtype C HIV-1. Notably, although some subtype C HIV-1 signals could be remaining virions captured by FDCs even in aviremic individuals, HIV-1 proviral DNA was detected in some FDCs in the appendix tissues of aviremic individuals, indicating the presence of infected FDCs. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of analyzing all potential tissue and cellular tropism across different HIV-1 subtypes, to inform tailored therapeutic strategies for the diverse reservoirs that may differ across subtypes.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The strain properties of Korean and North American CWD prions are indistinguishable","authors":"Hyun Joo Sohn, Joseph P DeFranco, Hoo-Chang Park, Kyung Je Park, Jifeng Bian, Jenna Crowell, Sehun Kim, Bailey K Webster, Hae-Eun Kang, Glenn C Telling","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf210","url":null,"abstract":"Background Chronic wasting disease (CWD) in North America is an ineradicable and deadly infectious neurodegenerative disorder of free-ranging and captive cervids caused by prions. While CWD was inadvertently introduced to South Korea (SK) following importation of sub-clinically diseased elk from North America, it is unclear whether this event represented a bottleneck infection by an uncommon prion strain and/or if variant strains evolved during subsequent transmissions to additional farmed cervid species residing in SK. Considerable uncertainty therefore surrounds the prevalence and properties of SK CWD prion strains. Methods We propagated prions from the brains of nine diseased SK cervids to multiple lines of genetically-modified, CWD-susceptible mice. We ascertained the strain properties of SK CWD prions by evaluating disease outcomes and by characterizing the infectious and biochemical properties of the resulting prions. Results Multiple SK CWD prion isolates produced uniform disease outcomes during iterative transmissions in both gene targeted and transgenic mice. SK CWD prions had infectious and biochemical properties, including conformational features, that were indistinguishable from those of North American CWD prions. Conclusion These invariant features are consistent with infection of SK and North American cervids by the same CWD prion strain. Our findings contribute to a developing picture where a single dominant prion strain is responsible for contagious CWD transmission among North American and SK cervids. The stability and consistency of this established strain contrasts the highly diverse and relatively unstable features of incipient prion strains causing novel emergent CWD infections in moose, reindeer, and red deer from Northern Europe.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoengineering: An Emerging Field in Infectious Diseases","authors":"Alexander M Tatara, Antonios G Mikos, Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf209","url":null,"abstract":"As the disciplines of materials science, bioengineering, and immunology mature in the twenty-first century, the convergence science of immunoengineering has emerged as a paradigm to augment host immunity. By delivering biochemical and mechanical cues with engineered precision, the immune system can be stimulated to respond to specific antigens with a designed phenotype. While cancer has driven the early discoveries in immunoengineering, the field of infectious diseases stands to benefit tremendously by applying the concepts of immunoengineering to current clinical challenges. Antimicrobial resistance, highly communicable emerging pathogens, and infections in immunocompromised hosts are some examples of current problems that are suitable for immunoengineering approaches. Here, we will introduce basic concepts associated with immunoengineering and provide current examples applied to infectious diseases, including cell therapies, immunomodulating small molecule delivery, and next-generation vaccine development with implantable biomaterials.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did horses act as intermediate hosts that facilitated the emergence of 1918 pandemic influenza?","authors":"Martin Furmanski, Pablo R Murcia","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf197","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological factors that led to the 1918 influenza pandemic remain unknown. We hypothesise that horses acted as intermediate hosts spreading a pre-pandemic avian-origin virus before 1918. This is supported by reports describing a large epizootic of unusually severe equine influenza beginning in 1915. Furthermore, the high horse demand during WWI resulted in one of the biggest equine mobilisations in North America between 1914 and 1918. This extensive movement of horses provided abundant opportunities for virus reassortment between pre-pandemic avian and human influenza viruses. Archived equine tissues or serum samples will be needed to test this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic and clinical associations between doravirine-containing ART and injectable and implantable hormonal contraceptive methods among women living with HIV in South Africa","authors":"Rena C Patel, Nkosiphile Ndlovu, Pooja Maheria, Reolebogile Kgoa, Lindsay Kew, La-Donna Kapa, Krishnaveni Reddy, Merusha Govindasami, Nomasonto Matswake, Nompumelelo Sigcu, Mohammed Seedat, Lerato Shale, Nashon Yongo, Shukri A Hassan, Tommy L Williams, David W Erikson, Kimberly K Scarsi, Thesla Palanee-Phillips","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf196","url":null,"abstract":"Background Drug resistance and intolerance of dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) are rising in low- and middle-income countries, resulting in a potentially increased use of doravirine-containing ART use. There are knowledge gaps regarding doravirine and hormonal contraceptive drug-drug interactions among women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods We conducted a five parallel group, prospective pharmacokinetic study among WLWH aged 18-45 years in Johannesburg, South Africa between November 2021 and February 2024. We included a sixth, historical comparator group from a Kenyan study. After a ≥6-week lead-in period with doravirine-containing ART, participants initiated injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), implantable etonogestrel (ENG), or non-hormonal intrauterine device contraception and were observed every 2-4 weeks for an additional 12 or 24 weeks. We analyzed serum MPA and ENG and plasma doravirine or dolutegravir concentrations per visit, using validated liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays. We assessed log-transformed concentrations of each drug with geometric mean ratios (GMR; 90% confidence intervals) and a multivariate model adjusted for age and body mass index. We described safety, tolerability, and effectiveness (HIV viral load <40 copies/mL) of doravirine-containing ART. Results A total of 128 participants are included in this analysis. There were no significant reductions in the MPA, ENG, or doravirine concentrations. A total of 8 (3%) adverse events grade 2 or higher were considered attributable to doravirine-containing ART and 22 (8%) to the contraceptive method. ART satisfaction was 100%, and viral suppression at study exit ranged from 86-96%. Conclusions We found no detrimental bidirectional drug-drug interactions and few adverse events between doravirine and hormonal contraceptives.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of macrolide resistance on azithromycin for prevention of rehospitalization or death among children discharged from hospitals in Western Kenya.","authors":"Polycarp Mogeni,John Benjamin Ochieng,Hannah E Atlas,Kirkby D Tickell,Doreen Rwigi,Kevin Kariuki,Laura Riziki Aluoch,Catherine Sonye,Evans Apondi,Lilian Ambila,Mame M Diakhate,Benson O Singa,Jie Liu,James A Platts-Mills,Ferric C Fang,Judd L Walson,Eric R Houpt,Patricia B Pavlinac","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf208","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe Toto Bora trial tested whether a 5-day course of azithromycin reduced the risk of re-hospitalization or death in the 6 months following hospitalization among Kenyan children and found no overall benefit. We hypothesized that macrolide resistance in gut microbes could modify azithromycin's effect.METHODSFrom June 2016 to November 2019, Kenyan children aged 1-59 months were enrolled at hospital discharge and randomized to azithromycin or placebo. DNA from fecal samples and E. coli isolates was analyzed for common macrolide resistance genes. Cox proportional hazards regression models, including interaction terms between randomization arm and individual macrolide-resistance genes, were used to analyze time to rehospitalization or death, with Bonferroni correction applied to account for multiple comparisons.RESULTSAmong 1,393 children tested, 94.7% had at least one macrolide-resistance gene in their fecal DNA at hospital discharge; most commonly mph(A) (68.6%; 955/1393), followed by msr(D) (67.3%; (937/1393), and erm(B) (60.7%; 846/1393). Mef(A) (23.7%; 330/1393) was the only macrolide-resistance gene that modified azithromycin's effect on re-hospitalization or death (interaction p-value=0.008). In children without the mef(A) gene, azithromycin reduced the hazard of rehospitalization or death by a third (HR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.45-0.99) whereas among children with the mef(A) gene, there was a higher risk in those randomized to azithromycin (HR=2.72, 95%CI: 1.21-6.09). The effect size of azithromycin's impact on mortality and rehospitalization as separate outcomes in children with and without mef(A) were consistent but underpowered.INTERPRETATIONMacrolide resistance in the gut microbiome may influence the efficacy of azithromycin in children discharged from the hospital.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Maternal Antibodies Post ZIKV in Pregnancy is Associated with Lower Risk of Microcephaly and Structural Brain Abnormalities in Exposed Infants.","authors":"Karin Nielsen-Saines,Tahmineh Kalbasi-Romero,Ana Claudia Machado Duarte,Stephanie Almeida da Silva,Kristina Adachi,Luana Damasceno,Tara Kerin,Trevon Fuller,Jaime G Deville,Maria Elisabeth Moreira,Zilton Vasconcelos,Andrea Zin,Myung Shin-Sim,Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima,Patricia Brasil","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf146","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDWe investigated the association between maternal neutralizing antibodies (nAb) to Zika virus (ZIKV) in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.METHODSIn pregnant participants with confirmed ZIKV infection, we determined trimester of infection, collected sera longitudinally, and measured nAbs via plaque reduction. In neonates, adverse outcomes included microcephaly (MC), structural brain abnormalities (SBA), hearing, and eye abnormalities. Associations between trimester of infection, nAbs, and neonatal outcomes were analyzed with Cox regression.RESULTSIn total, 137 ZIKV-positive pregnant participants had neutralization assays performed during pregnancy and postdelivery. Infection rates were 29% in the first, 50% in the second, and 21% in the third trimester. Mean ZIKV nAb titer >2 weeks postinfection was 64 258 (SD 213 288). Ten percent of 90% plaque reduction neutralization assays (PRNT90) titers were <500, 10% 500-1000, 73% > 1000, and 7% did not have serologic follow-up; 15%. of infants had adverse findings. Protective factors against MC in 88 mothers with nAb titers available during pregnancy included infection later in gestation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.06; P = .036) and adequate nAb titers (aHR, 0.17; P = .014). No SBA was associated with later infection in pregnancy (aHR, 0.16; P = .017) and adequate nAb titers (aHR, 0.34; P = .012). Adjusting for trimester, higher maternal nAb titers were associated with lower risk of MC and SBA. Seven of 137 participants (5.1%) had positive serum ZIKV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results beyond 14 days (range, 35-269 days). Participants with ZIKV PCR positivity >60 days (n = 2) had infants with MC/SBA.CONCLUSIONSMC and SBA were less frequent in infants of mothers with higher ZIKV nAb titers during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}