The Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"The available evidence does not support the claim of Nitikin et al. that 4CMenB is a cost-effective way to reduce gonorrhoea incidence.","authors":"Kenyon Chris","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus shapes the gut microbiome in the intensive care unit","authors":"Heekuk Park, Julian A Abrams, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Daniel E Freedberg","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf194","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Gut pathogen colonization with Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes, yet the timing of VRE colonization and its collateral effects on the gut microbiome are incompletely understood. Methods Medical ICU patients admitted with sepsis and receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics were sampled via deep rectal swabs at ICU admission and on ICU Day 3, 7, 14, and 30. Rectal swabs were cultured for VRE on selective media and analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Ninety patients were sampled (340 longitudinal swabs). VRE positivity rose from 20% at ICU admission to a peak of 33% by ICU Day 14 and then modestly declined to 31% by ICU Day 30. Paralleling this, alpha diversity fell while Enterococcus relative abundance rose through ICU Day 14 with both returning to baseline by ICU Day 30. The median relative abundance of Enterococcus was 38% (IQR 7.4 to 75%) for VRE positive samples compared to 0.01% (IQR 0 to 19%) for VRE negative samples (rank-sum p<0.01); 38 samples had ≥90% Enterococcus and 8 samples were 100% Enterococcus by sequencing. VRE was associated with lower alpha diversity (median Shannon index of 1.90 (IQR 0.89 to 2.66) if VRE positive versus 2.64 (IQR 1.58 to 3.22) if VRE negative, p<0.01). Conclusion VRE gut colonization peaked at ICU Day 14 followed by a modest decline and was associated with low alpha diversity. Improved understanding of dynamic changes in the gut microbiome may facilitate successful future ICU interventions.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further evidence and analysis are required to determine the level of protection against gonorrhea provided by 4CMenB.","authors":"Dariya Nikitin,Peter J White","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Responses and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Serofast Syphilis: Efficacy of Re-treatment in a Prospective Nested Case-Control Study","authors":"Rui-Lin Yan, Ying Xu, Jing Tong, Ping Chen, Li-Cheng Huang, Gui-Chun Wen, Li-Mei Li, Chun-Lai Zhang, Yong-Zheng Deng, Yu-Mao Cai, Bao-Qing Deng","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf193","url":null,"abstract":"Background There are inconsistencies in guidelines concerning the necessity for anti-syphilis re-treatment during pregnancy for women who tested seropositive despite having received treatment before pregnancy. While global guidelines indicate that no further treatment is necessary, Chinese guidelines advocate for an additional treatment course. Methods A prospective nested case-control study was conducted to analyze serological responses and pregnancy outcomes in women with serofast syphilis, focusing on the effects of re-treatment. Results Out of 584 women with serofast syphilis, 537 (92.0%) experienced normal pregnancy outcomes, comparable to the 93.6% in women without syphilis. However, 47 (8.0%) faced adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), which included 8 (1.4%) spontaneous abortions, 2 (0.3%) intrauterine fetal deaths, and 37 (6.3%) instances of preterm birth or low birth weight. The rate of APOs showed no significant difference between those treated with benzathine penicillin G and those who were not (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.59 [95% CI, 0.31–1.14]; P = 0.118). Among 462 newborns with follow-up, no congenital syphilis cases were identified. Serological responses were evaluated in 568 women, revealing that 74 (13.0%) experienced seroreversion of nontreponemal antibodies, 52 (9.2%) had a ≥ four-fold decrease in titers, 6 (1.0%) had a ≥ four-fold increase, and 436 (74.7%) maintained stable titers. No significant difference in seroreversion rates was found between the re-treated and non-re-treated groups (aOR, 1.43 [95%CI, 0.76-2.71]; P=0.271). Conclusions With adequate prenatal care and continuous monitoring of serological and symptomatic changes, it is unnecessary to re-treat serofast women exhibiting stable non-treponemal antibody titers during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-dependent susceptibility to prion infection encoded by Arg171 and Lys176 sheep-PrP polymorphic variants","authors":"Juan Carlos Espinosa, Natalia Fernández-Borges, Alba Marin-Moreno, Sara Canoyra, Patricia Aguilar-Calvo, Belén Pintado, Eva Pericuesta, Sylvie L Benestad, Romolo Nonno, Olivier Andréoletti, Juan María Torres","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf170","url":null,"abstract":"Background Classical scrapie in sheep is caused by several different strains rather than a single strain, as is the case for epidemic classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Polymorphisms R171 and K176 located in the β2-α2 loop region of sheep-PrP have been associated with potential protection for the propagation of classical scrapie. Methods The protective role of R171 and K176 polymorphic variants in susceptibility and resistance to different prion strains circulating in Europe was investigated using transgenic mouse lines expressing R171 or K176 sheep-PrP in comparable levels (R171-Tg552 and K176-Tg570 respectively). Both lines were intracranially challenged with a panel of isolates representative of diverse prion strains, including at least four different classical scrapie strains. These isolates were previously characterised by transmission studies in ovine (Wt-OvPrP-Tg501) and bovine (BoPrP-Tg110) transgenic mice. Results R171-Tg552 and K176-Tg570 mouse lines succumbed after the inoculation of atypical scrapie isolates with 100% attack rates and long survival times. However, the propagation of all tested classical scrapie isolated was completely blocked in R171-Tg552 mice while in K176-Tg570 mice the propagation of most of the classical scrapie isolates was highly restricted or completely blocked depending on the prion strain. BSE transmission to R171-Tg552 mice was only possible after its adaptation to sheep-PrP while no infection could be detected in K176-Tg570 mice, even after passage in sheep. Conclusions These results indicate that the R171 and K176 polymorphic variants of the ovine PrP sequence restrict the propagation of prions in a strain-dependent manner and are useful tools for prion strain discrimination.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Potential Impacts of Outpatient Antiviral Treatment in Reducing Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in the United States","authors":"Sinead E Morris, Sarabeth M Mathis, Emily Reeves, Jessie R Chung, Rebecca K Borchering, Nathaniel M Lewis, Svetlana Masalovich, Shikha Garg, Timothy M Uyeki, A Danielle Iuliano, Mark W Tenforde, Carrie Reed, Matthew Biggerstaff","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf061","url":null,"abstract":"Background Seasonal influenza causes an estimated 120 000 to 710 000 hospitalizations annually in the United States. Treatment with antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir, can reduce risks of hospitalization among people with influenza-associated illness. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends initiating antiviral treatment as soon as possible for outpatients with suspected or confirmed influenza who have severe or progressive illness or are at higher risk of influenza complications. Methods We developed a probabilistic model to estimate the impact of antiviral treatment in reducing hospitalizations among US outpatients with influenza. Parameters were informed by seasonal influenza surveillance platforms and stratified by age group and whether individuals had a condition associated with higher risk of influenza complications. We modeled different scenarios for influenza antiviral effectiveness and outpatient testing and prescribing practices, then compared our results with a baseline scenario in which antivirals were not used. Results Across the modeled scenarios, antiviral treatment resulted in 1215 to 14 184 fewer influenza-associated hospitalizations on average when compared with the baseline scenario (0.2%–2.7% reduction). The greatest effects occurred among adults aged ≥65 years and individuals with conditions associated with higher risk of influenza complications. Modeling 50% improvements in access to care, testing, prescribing, and treatment resulted in greater potential impacts, with over 71 000 (13.3%) influenza-associated hospitalizations averted on average compared to baseline. Conclusions Our results support recommendations to prioritize outpatient antiviral treatment among older adults and others at higher risk of influenza complications. Improving access to prompt testing and treatment among outpatients with suspected influenza could reduce hospitalizations substantially.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low levels of post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and their correlation with influenza protection among healthcare workers during the 2024/2025 A/H1N1 outbreak in Japan","authors":"Shohei Yamamoto, Tetsuya Mizoue, Mugen Ujiie, Kumi Horii, Junko S Takeuchi, Maki Konishi, Wataru Sugiura, Norio Ohmagari","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf183","url":null,"abstract":"Background After the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, during which the seasonal influenza epidemic was suppressed, Japan experienced a record-breaking influenza A/H1N1 outbreak in the 2024/2025 season. This situation also raises a concern about the immunogenicity of the annual inactivated influenza vaccine. This study evaluated post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers and their association with influenza infection risk among healthcare workers. Methods A serosurvey was conducted among staff at a national medical and research center in Tokyo in December 2024, one month after staff received the inactivated influenza vaccine. HI antibody titers against vaccine strains were measured, and participants were followed for influenza infection until January 2025. Seroprotection was defined as an HI titer ≥40. A Cox proportional hazards model assessed the association between HI titers and infection risk among vaccinated participants. Results Among 1,507 vaccinated participants, only 12.7% had seroprotective HI titers against A/H1N1. Around 90% had no influenza history for at least four seasons and had received repeated vaccinations over two seasons. Participants with HI titers <40 had a 4-fold higher infection risk than those with titers ≥40. A dose-response association was observed, even within the range below the titer of 40. Relative to titers <10, titers of 10 and 20 conferred 47.3% and 57.9% protection, respectively. Conclusions After a prolonged period without a major influenza epidemic, HI titers against A/H1N1 were extremely low in vaccinated healthcare workers. Nonetheless, higher post-vaccination HI titers, even at relatively low levels, were associated with protection, supporting the benefit of vaccines.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory CD11c+ B Cells Induced by the TREM2 Signal Accelerate Sepsis Development.","authors":"Siqi Ming,Zhenxing Chen,Jingwen Yang,Jiao Liu,Xi Liu,Lunhao Yang,Zhaofeng Tan,Haibo Zhou,Yongjian Wu,Xi Huang","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf112","url":null,"abstract":"CD11c+ B cells are an age-associated subset emerging in infections and autoimmune diseases. However, their role in sepsis is poorly clarified. This study identified a class of CD11c+ B cells with a proinflammatory phenotype that is expended in septic patients and mice. Notably, the transfer of these cells accelerates sepsis-induced lung injury and death in mice. Furthermore, the CD11c+ B cells were induced by the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) signal, which promotes their generation via the interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) pathway. Moreover, TREM2 directly participates in sepsis regulation mediated by CD11c+ B cells. This study reveals the proinflammatory role of CD11c+ B cells in sepsis and identifies TREM2 as a contributing factor in CD11c+ B-cell-mediated inflammatory injury during sepsis.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ancient Epstein-Barr virus genome recovered from a museum penis gourd from Papua","authors":"Augias Anaïs, Ponce-Soto Gabriel Yaxal, Chimènes Amélie, Charlier Philippe, Rascovan Nicolás","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf189","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient DNA provides a unique opportunity to study the history and spread of infectious diseases. Here, we analyzed 21 samples from a collection of 20th-century penis gourds (koteka) from Papua New Guinea housed at the Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac in Paris. Despite the presence of environmental species, we identified human-associated bacteria and, notably, an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) genome at high coverage. Phylogenetic analysis placed this strain within a Papua New Guinea–Indonesian cluster. These findings highlight museum collections as valuable reservoirs of genetic data, offering historical insights into the evolution and spread of human pathogens.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of dog serologic data for improved understanding of coccidioidomycosis: A One Health approach","authors":"Jane E Sykes, Simon K Camponuri, Amanda K Weaver, George R Thompson, Justin V Remais","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf184","url":null,"abstract":"Background Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) occurs when animals and humans inhale spores of Coccidioides spp., soil-dwelling fungi of the southwestern United States. The spatial epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis is poorly understood due to irregular detection of Coccidioides in soil, disease underdiagnosis, and lack of nationwide mandatory reporting. Data on seroreactivity to Coccidioides among dogs—which are highly susceptible to coccidioidomycosis, widespread across the U.S, and have limited travel—may strengthen our understanding human disease risk. Methods We analyzed serologic test results for 834,899 dogs between 2012-2022 from all known diagnostic laboratories conducting serologic testing for anti-Coccidioides antibodies in dogs in the United States. We used testing date and county-level location data to estimate spatial and temporal trends in incidence and test positivity for dogs and compared them to human surveillance data. Results The overall seropositivity rate among tested dogs was 37.6% (313,829/834,899)­. Average test positivity rates in states with ≥ 0.5 tests/annum/10,000 households were 35.4% (Texas) to 74.1% (Montana). For these states, average annual incidence/10,000 households was: Arizona (87.8), New Mexico (0.89), Nevada (0.79), California (0.75), Montana (0.63), Colorado (0.41), Oregon (0.41), Texas (0.38), Idaho (0.37), Wyoming (0.34), Utah (0.32), and Washington (0.26). Human incidence in California and Arizona between 2012–2022 was significantly correlated with dog incidence (ρ = 0.75 and ρ = 0.65, respectively). The distribution of seropositive dogs expanded from 76/3,144 counties (2.4%) in 2012 to 390 in 2022 (12.4%). Conclusions Further investment in human diagnostic infrastructure and provider knowledge may ameliorate significant under-recognition of this emerging fungal disease.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}