The Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Azithromycin as host-directed therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis – a randomized pilot trial","authors":"Bart G J Dekkers, Huib A M Kerstjens, Helene W Breisnes, Diana J Leeming, Richard M Anthony, Henderik W Frijlink, Tjip S van der Werf, Jos G W Kosterink, Jan-Willem C Alffenaar, Onno W Akkerman","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf069","url":null,"abstract":"Background Adjunctive host-directed therapies are investigated that modulate host immune responses to reduce excessive inflammation and prevent tissue damage in tuberculosis (TB). Macrolides, including azithromycin, were shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects in addition to their antibacterial effects. In the current trial, we investigated whether azithromycin enhances resolution of systemic and pulmonary inflammation and decreases extracellular matrix-related tissue turnover in TB patients. Methods An open label, randomised controlled trial was performed. Adult patients with drug-susceptible, pulmonary TB aged above 18 years were randomly assigned to receive standard anti-TB care or azithromycin 250 mg orally once daily on top of standard care (SoC) for 28 days. Results Twenty-eight patients were included within 4 weeks after initiating anti-TB treatment. Twelve patients in both arms completed the trial. Participants were mostly young, male, had a smoking history and had no co-morbidities. No differences in baseline characteristics were observed between both arms. In blood, azithromycin treatment significantly reduced the TB marker interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (-38% vs -24% vs SoC, P<0.05) and the collagen type IV degradation product C4M (-26% vs -11%, P<0.05). In sputum, treatment with azithromycin significantly reduced neutrophils (-24% vs 0%, P<0.001), neutrophil elastase (-88% vs 75%, P<0.01), and transforming growth factor-β (-86% vs -68%, P<0.05). No significant effects were observed on other parameters. Treatment with azithromycin appeared to be safe. Conclusions The addition of azithromycin to standard anti-TB treatment appears to diminish excess neutrophilic inflammation in patients with pulmonary TB.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"30 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance markers pfcrt K76T and pfaat1 S258L in southern Rwanda, 2010 to 2023","authors":"Emma Schallenberg, Welmoed van Loon, Djibril Mbarushimana, Clement Igiraneza, Karolina Glanz, Christian Ngarambe, Jules Minega Ndoli, Jason A Hendry, Frank P Mockenhaupt","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf068","url":null,"abstract":"Background In many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance marker pfcrt K76T disappeared within a decade of ceased chloroquine use. Pfaat1 S258L has recently been implicated as another chloroquine resistance marker. Both genes may affect parasite susceptibility to partner drugs in artemisinin-based combination therapy. Rwanda abolished chloroquine in 2001, since 2006 the first-line antimalarial is artemether-lumefantrine. However, partial artemisinin resistance emerged in the region. We assessed the prevalence of pfcrt and pfaat1 markers in Huye district between 2010 -2023, following trends and updating the status in southern Rwanda. Methods P. falciparum positive blood samples from community children and malaria patients collected 2010, 2014, 2018, 2019 and 2023 were examined. Pfcrt K76T was genotyped by RFLP, pfaat1 S258L by high-resolution melting-curve (2010-2019). Samples from 2023 were subjected to nanopore sequencing. Results In 606 samples, pfcrt K76T prevalence declined from 76% (95% confidence interval, 68-83%) to 18% (11-25%) between 2010 and 2018 but stagnated since around 25% (P < 0.001). No further pfcrt markers were observed. Pfaat1 S258L remained at or near fixation. The artemisinin resistance marker pfk13 R561H was associated with pfcrt K76T (P = 0.02). Discussion The persistence of pfcrt K76T 20 years after abolishing chloroquine indicates ongoing drug selection or importation. The fixation of pfaat1 S258L argues against a major fitness cost of this variant in Huye. Partial artemisinin resistance increases in Rwanda, and molecular markers indicate compromised lumefantrine efficacy. The observed pfcrt and pfaat1 signatures in the study area might guide artemisinin partner drug alternatives.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in anti-EBV antibody responses","authors":"Sarah S Jackson, Julia Francis, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Carla Proietti, Anna E Coghill, Kelly J Yu, Yomani D Sarathkumara, Wan-Lun Hsu, Ilona Argirion, Cheng-Ping Wang, Chien-Jen Chen, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan, Allan Hildesheim, Denise L Doolan, Zhiwei Liu","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf067","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated anti-EBV IgA and IgG responses by sex among 387 cancer-free individuals in Asia. Antibody responses were measured using an EBV proteome array to assess age-adjusted sex-specific associations with 404 EBV-antigens in 86 protein sequences via meta-analysis and pathway analysis by EBV stage. Males were more likely to have elevated IgA responses (P=0.001) and females had higher IgG responses (P=0.003). Significant sex associations were observed across stages of lytic replication. The largest sex differences were seen in latent IgA, but no differences were observed in latent IgG antibodies. Higher IgA responses suggest higher rates of EBV reactivation in males.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with the transmission of the delta SARS-CoV-2 variant in households: the Israeli COVID-19 Family Study (ICoFS)","authors":"Thomas Cortier, Mayan Gilboa, Maylis Layan, Gili Joseph, Lilac Meltzer, Sharon Amit, Carmit Rubin, Yaniv Lustig, Sharon Alroy-Preis, Yitshak Kreiss, Simon Cauchemez, Gili Regev-Yochay","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf001","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how interpersonal interactions and immunological factors shape SARS-CoV-2 transmission in households is crucial for designing control measures. We developed a Bayesian data augmentation transmission model to evaluate the effects of isolation, parental care, and vaccine-induced immunity on Delta variant transmission from the follow-up of 1,093 Israeli households (July–August 2021). Among the 2883 household contacts, 1096 (38%) were infected. Children were 38% (CI: 7-81) more likely to be infected than adults. Isolation measures reduced transmission by 52% (CI: 46-57). Transmission was 39% (CI: 11-76) higher between children and adult females than males. Vaccine effectiveness was 78% (CI: 54-90), 85% (CI: 70-94), and 73% (CI: 49-88) for one, two, and three doses of recent vaccination (< 90 days), respectively but dropped to 18% (CI: (-6)-36) for two doses administered more than 90 days ago. Household member interactions significantly shaped transmission, and isolation measures effectively reduced transmission.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic Manifestations of the Mpox Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Shivam Rohilla, Shilpa Gaidhane, Ashok Kumar Balaraman, G Padmapriya, Irwanjot Kaur, Madan Lal, Suhaib Iqbal, G V Siva Prasad, Atreyi Pramanik, Teena Vishwakarma, Praveen Malik, Promila Sharma, Mahendra Pratap Singh, Ambanna Yappalparvi, Ankit Punia, Megha Jagga, Muhammed Shabil, Rachana Mehta, Sanjit Sah, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Hashem Abu Serhan, Ganesh Bushi","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf066","url":null,"abstract":"Background Recent outbreaks of monkeypox (Mpox) have raised concerns about its complications, including ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, and potential vision impairment. The lack of comprehensive data on these ocular complications hinders the development of effective clinical guidelines. This review aim to synthesize existing evidence on the prevalence and characteristics of Mpox-related ocular complications. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, covering studies up to September 8, 2024. Studies focusing on conjunctivitis, keratitis, eye lesions, visual impairment, and other ophthalmic outcomes in Mpox cases were included. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to estimate pooled prevalence rates, with heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessments were also conducted. Results A total of 25 studies were included, with 22 contributing to the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of conjunctivitis in Mpox cases was 8.9% (95% CI: 4.4%–17.1%), keratitis 3.4% (95% CI: 1.4%–7.7%), eye lesions 3.4% (95% CI: 1.4%–7.7%), and visual impairment 4.3% (95% CI: 0.8%–20.6%). Other ocular manifestations had a pooled prevalence of 12.4% (95% CI: 0.6%–76.9%). Significant heterogeneity was observed, particularly for conjunctivitis and other ocular manifestations, suggesting variability in presentation. Conclusion Conjunctivitis is the most common ophthalmic complication of Mpox, followed by notable rates for keratitis, eye lesions, and visual impairment. These findings emphasize the need for early recognition, routine ocular exams, and effective management of Mpox-related eye complications. Further high-quality research is necessary to better understand and address these ocular complications.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"lPrediction of Vancomycin Area-under-the-curve using Trough Concentrations Only: Performance Evaluation of Pediatric Population Pharmacokinetic Models","authors":"Stef Schouwenburg, Tim Preijers, Robert B Flint, Enno D Wildschut, Birgit C P Koch, Brenda C M de Winter, Alan Abdulla","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf059","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives In pediatric patients, vancomycin plays a pivotal role in combating infections, necessitating precise therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure efficacy and safety. The adoption of model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) has demonstrated potential in optimizing dosing strategies based on the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC24h). However, predictive performance of population pharmacokinetic models using only trough concentrations to estimate AUC24h has not been evaluated. Methods Predictive performance of 23 vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models was retrospectively evaluated in two cohorts; (A) 21 subjects with PNA<50 days, (B) 124 subjects with PNA≥50 days. Multiple scenarios were investigated using; (a) peak and trough concentration, (b) using either peak or (c) trough concentration solely, (d) covariate information (a priori). The median AUC24h per subject across all models was used as ‘true’ AUC24h. Results For both cohorts, relative root mean square error (rRMSE) for the AUC24h precision using only trough concentrations was similar to the rRMSE using both a peak and trough sample. For cohort A, the model by Chen, Colin, and Mehrotra showed best trough-based performance with the lowest relative Bias (rBias) (-3.3% and -2.6%) and rRMSE (6.8% and 7.3%). For cohort B, the models from Alsultan and Lv illustrated the lowest rBias (1.75% and -5.4%) and rRMSE (16.6% and 15.1%). Conclusions This study illustrates that trough concentration-based AUC24h estimation is a feasible approach in vancomycin MIPD. These findings endorse the selected models for advanced MIPD vancomycin therapy in pediatrics, though further investigation into clinical outcomes is recommended.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of natural remission of mother-to-child retroviral transmission","authors":"Poonam Grover, Megumi Murata, Maureen Kidiga, Sakura Hayashi, Hirotaka Ode, Yasumasa Iwatani, Mayumi Morimoto, Takayoshi Natsume, Akihisa Kaneko, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, Masao Matsuoka, Madoka Kuramitsu, Yohei Seki, Takuo Mizukami, Hirofumi Akari","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf064","url":null,"abstract":"Background Spontaneous remission once a retroviral infection has been established does not occur and infection persists lifelong. Methods Stored blood samples obtained from simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1)-infected Japanese macaque (JM; Macaca fuscata) mothers and their offspring during long-term follow-up as well as periodic health checkups were analyzed for proviral DNA levels, anti-STLV-1 antibody titer, DNA sequence, viral transcription, and viral clonality in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results We found spontaneous remission after the establishment of retrovirus mother-to-child transmission (MTCT); three JM infants were positive for the provirus at 5 and 8 months of age; however, no evidence of persistent STLV-1 infection was found in any of these infants thereafter up to 3 years of age. The viral env sequencing showed the presence of “signature nucleotide polymorphisms,” which were identical between each mother and infant but not others, suggesting STLV-1 MTCT. STLV-1-infected cells were capable of viral transmission and were composed of a heterogeneous population of clones, which were completely replaced between 5 and 8 months of age, suggesting the possibility of ongoing de novo infection from mother to infant cells. Furthermore, a retrospective study showed that 8 of 38 infants born to STLV-1-infected mothers developed transient infection comparable to the cases above. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate for the first time that spontaneous remission can occur after the establishment of retroviral MTCT. Our results unveil the unique dynamics of retroviral infection during MTCT.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Soluble Factors and T-Cell Subsets as Immunological Predictors of Therapy Response in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","authors":"Amanda B Figueiredo, Katia L P Morais, Israel T Silva, Lorhenn B L Maia, Jaqueline R Buttura, Bruna D F Barros, Natalia S Alves, Flavio Pignataro-Oshiro, Samara M M Shimon, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Lucas Almeida, Edgar Carvalho, Paulo Machado, Jenefer M Blackwell, Lea Castellucci, Walderez O Dutra, Kenneth J Gollob","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf042","url":null,"abstract":"Background Human cutaneous leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis, presents treatment challenges due to varying therapeutic responses. Current therapies often encounter limited efficacy and treatment failure, demanding a deeper understanding of immunopathogenesis and predictive markers. Methods We explored the immunological determinants influencing therapy response in human cutaneous leishmaniasis, focusing on the intricate host–parasite immune interactions. We evaluated blood and lesions from the same individuals before therapeutic intervention and followed the patients for 60 days to determine treatment efficacy. We employed multiparameter flow cytometry methods for peripheral blood analysis of soluble factors and T-cell subpopulations, and RNA sequencing for analysis of lesion biopsies. Results Our investigation identified a combined set of circulating soluble factors as promising noninvasive predictive markers for treatment outcomes. Additionally, we reveal an association between circulating CD8+ mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells with increased lesion pathology, and a gene signature in lesions associated with CD8+ MAIT cells in refractory patients. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential for tailored interventions and novel immunomodulatory strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and address challenges in unresponsive cases of this debilitating disease.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABA-induced monocytic reactive oxygen species impair CD4 restoration in treated HIV-1 adults","authors":"Mehwish Younas, Sandrine Gimenez, Yea-Lih Lin, Clément Mettling, Domenico Maiorano, Jacques Reynes, Philippe Pasero, Philippe Rondard, Christina K Psomas, Pierre Corbeau","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf058","url":null,"abstract":"Background In order to better understand why about 15% of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (PWH) on highly active antiretroviral therapy do not restore their CD4 count, we explored the link previously reported between glutamate plasma level and CD4 count. Methods We recruited fourty-four adults living with HIV-1 aviremic under antiretroviral therapy. Their peripheral blood concentrations in glutamate and GABA were determined by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to detect GABA receptor, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by monocytes, and programmed T cell death. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and p53 phosphorylation were analyzed by western blot. DNA damage was quantified by immunofluorescence. Results We show that i) some virologic responders present high plasma levels of glutamate and of its derivative, GABA; ii) monocytes express the GABA receptor GABA-B1; iii) GABA-B1 stimulation induces monocytic ROS production; iv) GABA-B1-overexpressing monocytes of PWH with high plasma levels of GABA release high amount of ROS; and v) monocyte-derived ROS oxidise the DNA of CD4+ T cells, creating double-strand breaks which activate DNA-PK and p53, and finally apoptosis. The intensity of this cascade of events is inversely correlated with the slope of CD4+ T cell recovery in treated PWH. Discussion We propose that DNA damage resulting from ROS produced by GABA-activated monocytes plays a key role in impaired immune restoration. Consequently, GABA-B1 antagonists and/or ROS inhibitors might be a promising therapy for non-immunologic responders. Furthermore, the same mechanism could be involved in CD4 loss in the natural course of the infection.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Universal and Sentinel Surveillance Data for COVID-19: Insights from Argentina, Chile, and Mexico (2020–2022)","authors":"Lidia Redondo-Bravo, Kinda Zureick, Carla Jimena Voto, Xaviera Molina Avendaño, Laura Flores-Cisneros, Ashley Fowlkes, Luciana Eva Iummato, Carlos Maria Giovacchini, Maria Fernanda Olivares Barraza, Paula Rodriguez Ferrari, Rosaura Gutiérrez-Vargas, Christian Arturo Zaragoza-Jiménez, Gabriel García-Rodríguez, Hugo López-Gatell, Angel Rodriguez, Paula Couto, Marc Rondy, Andrea Vicari","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae620","url":null,"abstract":"Background In 2020, countries implemented universal surveillance to detect and monitor SARS-CoV-2 cases. Although crucial for early monitoring efforts, universal surveillance is resource intensive. To understand the implications of transitioning from universal to sentinel surveillance for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility, morbidity and mortality, and disease seriousness, we compared measures of SARS-CoV-2 reported from both surveillance strategies in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. Methods We obtained weekly case counts in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, in periods when both universal and sentinel surveillance were ongoing. To assess the countries’ surveillance strategies, we measured the proportion of total sites that were included in sentinel surveillance. We compared eight measures of SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility, morbidity and mortality, and disease seriousness between sentinel and universal surveillance and assessed the correlation between the two strategies for the eight measures. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation was classified as very strong (r(s)=0.8–1.0), strong (r(s)=0.60–0.79), moderate (r(s)=0.50–0.59), or poor (r<0.50). Results The proportion of total sites included in sentinel surveillance was 5.8% for Argentina, 1.1% for Chile, and 7.6% for Mexico. A total of 21 measures were calculated (8 for Mexico, 8 for Chile, and 5 for Argentina). Of these, 17 showed consistency between the two surveillance strategies, with strong or very strong correlations (r=0.66–0.99): all 8 measures for Mexico, 6 of 8 measures for Chile, and 3 out of 5 measures for Argentina.. Each country had at least one measure reflecting transmissibility and at least one reflecting morbidity and mortality for which the correlation was strong or very strong. Chile and Mexico also had at least one measure of disease seriousness for which the correlation was strong. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the integration of SARS-CoV-2 into national sentinel surveillance can yield information comparable to that provided by nationwide universal surveillance for measures related to SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility, morbidity and mortality, and seriousness of disease.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}