Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Long-term Abnormal Head Position on Carotid Artery Flow in Congenital Fourth Nerve Palsy.","authors":"Fahri Onur Aydın, İdil Çelen Arabacı, Fatma Zeynep Arslan, Fatma Savur, Tülin Öğreden, Havva Kaldırım","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250805-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250805-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the impact of long-term abnormal head position on internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA) flow patterns in patients with unilateral congenital fourth nerve palsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in a tertiary clinic and involved 29 patients with congenital fourth cranial nerve palsy, with a vertical deviation greater than 14 prism diopters. Demographic information, clinical presentations, and ophthalmological findings were reviewed, and carotid Doppler ultrasound measurements were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 21.4 ± 10.9 years, with 16 females and 13 males included in the study. The vertical deviation of the cases ranged from 14 to 35 prism diopters (PD), with a median deviation of 22 PD. ECA and ICA diameters were significantly lower on the non-paralytic side compared to the paralytic side (<i>P</i> = .001 and .008), whereas resistive index values were higher on the non-paralytic side (<i>P</i> = .009 and .011). A strong positive correlation was found between the angle of deviation and age (r = 0.685, <i>P</i> < .001), and a negative correlation was noted between carotid flow velocities and angle of deviation (r = -0.546 to -0.626, <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with congenital fourth nerve palsy, long-term abnormal head position may alter carotid artery flow, reducing vessel diameter, and increasing resistive index on the non-paralytic side. These changes may contribute to complications, suggesting that timely surgical intervention might help prevent carotid flow alterations, facial asymmetry, and musculoskeletal issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Research Trends in Nystagmus: A Bibliometric Analysis (1980-2024).","authors":"Mehmet Omer Kiristioglu, Meral Yildiz","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250813-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250813-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on nystagmus from 1980 to 2024, highlighting key contributors, evolving themes, collaborative patterns, and future directions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,570 English-language articles and reviews with \"nystagmus\" in the title were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Data were analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel. Trends in publication output, citation impact, keyword evolution, and co-authorship were examined. Mann-Kendall trend tests and linear regression were used to assess changes over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nystagmus research has increased steadily since 1980, with a significant surge after 2010 and peak output in 2021 (τ = 0.3509, <i>P</i> < .001). The United States led in publications (32.18%) and centrality (0.52), followed by Japan and England. Among 1,999 contributing institutions, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Case Western Reserve University were most productive. Authors such as Louis F. Dell'Osso, Irene Gottlob, and Ji-Soo Kim were prominent. Keyword clustering identified 10 thematic domains, with recent hotspots including infantile nystagmus, <i>FRMD7</i> mutations, and optical coherence tomography. Citation burst analysis revealed both historic and emerging influential authors and topics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to systematically map the intellectual structure of nystagmus research over four decades. Findings underscore increasing academic attention, but also reveal fragmented collaboration and underrepresentation of low- and middle-income countries. Future efforts should promote global partnerships and integration of artificial intelligence, imaging, and genetics to advance diagnosis and management of nystagmus.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"161-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infection Following Bilateral Strabismus Surgery: Case Report.","authors":"Nidhi B Agarwal, Jenil N Sheth, Supriya S Sharma, Madhu Rai, Somasheila I Murthy","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260312-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260312-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A rare case of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) after strabismus surgery is reported in a 7-year-old girl. The child presented with progressive pain and discharge, which was non-responsive to initial antibiotics. Surgical exploration and culture confirmed MRSA. Targeted vancomycin and linezolid led to complete resolution of the signs and symptoms. This case underscores importance of early postoperative follow-up and high clinical suspicion, coupled with prompt collaboration with microbiologists, particularly when managing unusual or drug-resistant postoperative infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"63 3","pages":"e10-e13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sinonasal Myxoma With Orbital Involvement: Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Anam Ahmed, Kara M Cavuoto, Steven Falcone, Ramzi Younis, Roxana M Lopez Yazdani, Andrew Rong, Michelle M Falcone","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260312-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260312-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sinonasal myxomas are rare benign tumors that typically occur in young children, with orbital involvement in 26% of reported cases. The authors report a case manifesting solely with progressive ocular motility restrictions and diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an expansile lesion occupying the right posterior ethmoid cavity with right orbital involvement. Surgical resection reduced the tumor size. Although rare, this case demonstrates that sinonasal myxoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in young patients with ocular motility restrictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"63 3","pages":"e14-e17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Text-to-Image Generation in Pediatric Ophthalmology.","authors":"Sarah Jong, Qais A Dihan, Mohamed M Khodeiry, Ahmad Alzein, Christina Scelfo, Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the quality and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated images depicting pediatric ophthalmology pathologies compared to human-illustrated images, and assess the readability, quality, and accuracy of accompanying AI-generated textual information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional comparative study analyzed outputs from DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and Gemini Advanced (Google). Nine pediatric ophthalmology pathologies were sourced from the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) \"Most Common Searches.\" Two prompts were used: Prompt A asked large language models (LLMs), \"What is [insert pathology]?\" Prompt B requested text-to-image generators (TTIs) to create images of the pathologies. Textual responses were evaluated for quality using published criteria (helpfulness, truthfulness, harmlessness; score 1 to 15, ≥ 12: high quality) and readability using Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (≤ 6th-grade level: readable). Images were assessed for anatomical accuracy, pathological accuracy, artifacts, and color (score 1 to 15, ≥ 12: high quality). Human-illustrated images served as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DALL·E 3 images were of poor quality (median: 7; range: 3 to 15) and significantly worse than human-illustrated controls (median: 15; range: 9 to 15; <i>P</i> < .001). Pathological accuracy was also poor (median: 1). Textual information from ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced was high quality (median: 15) but difficult to read (Chat-GPT-4o: SMOG: 8.2, FKGL: 8.9; Gemini Advanced: SMOG: 8.5, FKGL: 9.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Text-to-image generators are poor at generating images of common pediatric ophthalmology pathologies. They can serve as adequate supplemental tools for generating high-quality accurate textual information, but care must be taken to tailor generated text to be readable by users.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"186-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Outcomes of Patients With Mild to Moderate Exodeviation With and Without Combined Superior Oblique Palsy.","authors":"Miriam Ehrenberg, Gad Dotan, Ronit Friling, Dahlia Palevski, Uri Elbaz, Amir Sternfeld","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250929-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250929-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare surgical outcomes in pediatric patients with superior oblique palsy and exodeviation to those with isolated intermittent exotropia lacking a vertical component, with a focus on the horizontal components in both groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing strabismus surgery from January 2010 to September 2022 in a single tertiary hospital's pediatric ophthalmology unit. The superior oblique palsy and exodeviation group was matched with the intermittent exotropia control group. All patients included had an exodeviation of 25 prism diopters (PD) or less. Surgical success was defined by residual horizontal strabismus of 10 PD or less or residual vertical deviation of 4 PD or less, and lack of additional surgery for residual or consecutive strabismus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 45 eligible patients, 17 were in the superior oblique palsy and exodeviation group and 28 in the isolated intermittent exotropia group. At follow-up, patients with combined superior oblique palsy and exotropia exhibited significantly lower horizontal measurements at distance (1.8 ± 2.5 vs 6.6 ± 6.6 PD, <i>P</i> = .006) and near (1.9 ± 3.3 vs 7.4 ± 6.8 PD, <i>P</i> = .004). Additional surgery rates were also lower in this group (5.9% vs 21.4%). One patient with superior oblique palsy and exotropia had residual exotropia exceeding 10 PD (5.9%), compared to 21.4% in the intermittent exotropia group. The success rate was higher in the mixed group (88.2% vs 57.1%, <i>P</i> = .045). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the type of strabismus (<i>P</i> = .013) and shorter follow-up (<i>P</i> = .004) emerged as significant predictors of a successful surgical outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with small to moderate superior oblique palsy and exodeviation demonstrated superior surgical outcomes for their exodeviation compared to those with small to moderate isolated intermittent exotropia, emphasizing the distinction between these groups and the potential impact on surgical expectations. These findings highlight the need for extended follow-up in intermittent exotropia cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"204-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Exudative Retinal Detachment in a Child With Sturge-Weber Syndrome.","authors":"Marie Michele Macaron, Basil K Williams, Ta Chen Peter Chang","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260105-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260105-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Chamber Versus Retropupillary Iris-Claw Intraocular Lens Fixation in Aphakic Children With Insufficient Capsular Support.","authors":"Christina S Farag, Ghada Gawdat, Dina El-Fayoumi, Hala Elhilali, Sara Maher","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250909-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250909-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare structural and visual outcomes of anterior versus retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic children with inadequate capsular support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two pediatric aphakic eyes with inadequate capsular support were prospectively randomized to anterior or retropupillary fixation. Outcome measures were evaluated at 1, 6, and 12 months. Visual acuity, refraction, central endothelial cell density (CECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), IOL tilt, and centration of both groups were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the 32 eyes (18 children), mean age at implantation was 6.5 years. Mean best corrected visual acuity improved to 0.23 ± 0.24 and 0.18 ± 0.21 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at 12 months in the anterior and retropupillary groups, respectively (<i>P</i> = .32). There was a decrease in CECD that was significant in the anterior fixation group (<i>P</i> = .006), but not in the retropupillary fixation group (<i>P</i> = .154). The lower CECD in the anterior fixation group was statistically significant at 12 months (<i>P</i> = .018). Mean endothelial cell loss at 12 months was 17.4% and 5.6% in the anterior fixation group and the retropupillary fixation group, respectively. Haptic dis-enclavation occurred in 1 eye per group (6%). Pupillary block occurred in 1 eye (6%) and a significant anterior chamber (AC) reaction occurred in 2 eyes (12%) in the anterior fixation group. At 1 year of follow-up, differences in CCT and angle width between both groups were insignificant. IOL tilt and decentration were less than 4 degrees and less than 0.6 mm, respectively, in both groups. AC was significantly shallower (<i>P</i> < .001) in the anterior fixation group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anterior fixation of iris-claw IOLs displayed higher endothelial cell loss than retropupillary fixation at 1 year of follow-up, higher incidence of inflammatory reaction, pupillary block, and shallower AC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"216-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Guidelines for Late Follow-up of Non-treatment-Requiring Retinopathy of Prematurity.","authors":"Laurel Lam, Samantha Pastore, Sudheshna Vemula, Betul Bayraktutar, Barry N Wasserman","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260312-04","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260312-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the incidence of visual complications in low-risk, non-treatment-requiring infants following retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening and determine whether workforce constraints in pediatric ophthalmology and limited resources affect compliance with current guidelines advising 4- to 6-month ophthalmic follow-up for all infants with ROP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study included premature infants with resolved non-treatment- requiring ROP (NT-ROP) evaluated 6 to 12 months after screening and full-term infants younger than 19 months referred for ophthalmologic evaluation following failed routine vision screening. Data were collected over a 14-month period in a private practice setting. Refractive and ophthalmic outcomes were compared between groups. Outcomes included manifest strabismus in primary gaze and visually significant refractive error: myopia (>3.00 diopters [D]), hyperopia (>4.00 D), astigmatism (>3.00 cylinder), or anisometropia (>1.25 D difference).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-three infants with NT-ROP and 39 full-term infants referred after failed routine pediatric vision screening were included. Incidence of late visual complications was low in both groups, with no significant difference observed between groups on follow-up. (<i>P</i> > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infants with resolved NT-ROP did not exhibit a greater incidence of late visual complications compared to full-term infants with failed routine vision screening. These preliminary findings will require validation with larger cohorts, but suggest that for infants with mild, non-treatment-requiring ROP, routine pediatric photoscreening 4 to 6 months after ROP screening may suffice as an alternative to full cycloplegic dilated examination. This approach could improve resource allocation without compromising surveillance. Study limitations include its retrospective, single-center design and small sample size. Larger, multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Case-Control Study of the Visual Outcomes in Patients With Glaucoma Following Cataract Surgery at the Queensland Children's Hospital.","authors":"Timothy Kalas, Richa Sharma, Syeda Farah Zahir, Michael Barkley, Mark Y Chiang, Shuan Dai","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260316-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260316-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To better characterize the epidemiology of glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS) in an Australian population and to inform clinical decision-making in patients with GFCS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center retrospective case-control study looking at the incidence, management, and outcomes of glaucoma in a cohort of eyes that underwent lensectomy surgeries for congenital cataract at the Queensland Children's Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-seven eyes underwent lensectomy for congenital cataract. GFCS was diagnosed in 24.7% of eyes, and mean age of diagnosis was 54.14 months. Surgical management was required in 53.6% of GFCS cases. Significant associations were found between age at lensectomy surgery and age at glaucoma diagnosis (<i>r</i> = 0.77, <i>P</i> < .001) and between requirement for glaucoma surgery and age at both lensectomy (<i>P</i> = .03), and glaucoma diagnosis (<i>P</i> = .01). At most recent review, median intraocular pressure (IOP) was 18 mmHg and median visual acuity was 0.8 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) in patients with glaucoma and 0.7 logMAR in patients with glaucoma suspect. A significant correlation was noted between latest IOP and age at glaucoma diagnosis (<i>r</i> = 0.42, <i>P</i> = .03) and between most recent logMAR visual acuity and glaucoma diagnosis status (<i>P</i> < .01). There was also a statistically significant association between length of follow-up and glaucoma diagnosis (<i>P</i> = .02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide valuable long-term data on GFCS in the Australian pediatric population, aiding clinical decision-making and patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}