Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Macular Structural Changes and Visual Function in Retinopathy of Prematurity.","authors":"Amanda Ely, Victoria Nguyen, Allen Kunselman, Joel Weinstein","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260415-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260415-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess macular structure and function in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational cohort study performed on children with laser-treated ROP (n = 32 eyes of 17 children, age 9.12 ± 2.60 years) and untreated ROP (n = 22 eyes of 12 children, age 10.40 ± 2.76 years), or premature children meeting ROP screening criteria but without ROP (immature retina) (n = 10 eyes of 6 children, age 9.00 ± 2.00 years), and full-term control patients (n = 42 eyes of 21 children, age 11.67 ± 2.87 years) comparing foveal function (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] visual acuity, contrast sensitivity [CS]) and retinal morphology (central retinal thickness [CRT]). Linear mixed models were fit, followed by post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey-Kramer method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual acuity of laser-treated eyes (0.26 logMAR, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.33) was significantly worse than that of untreated (0.06 logMAR, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.165, <i>P</i> = .004) and control (-0.02 logMAR, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.05, <i>P</i> < .001) eyes, but not different from immature retina eyes (0.11 logMAR, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.22, <i>P</i> = .12). CS in treated eyes (1.56 log units, 95% CI: 1.48 to 1.63) was significantly worse than normal eyes (1.69 log units, 95% CI: 1.62 to 1.76, <i>P</i> = .05), but not different from either untreated (1.66 log units, 95% CI: 1.56 to 1.75, <i>P</i> = .35), or immature retina (1.65 log units, 95% CI: 1.51 to 1.78, <i>P</i> = .63) eyes. CRT of laser-treated eyes (330.98 µm, 95% CI: 318.18 to 343.79) was significantly greater than untreated (290.32 µm, 95% CI: 276.32 to 304.32, <i>P</i> < .001), immature (298.39 µm, 95% CI: 280.29 to 316.50, <i>P</i> = .02), and control (272.07 µm, 95% CI: 260.96 to 283.19, <i>P</i> < .001) eyes. In lasered-treated eyes there was a statistically significant negative correlation between logMAR and CRT (correlation = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.03, <i>P</i> = .03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Laser-treated eyes had abnormal macular structure and function compared to untreated eyes and normal control eyes. Further studies are needed to determine whether these abnormalities are attributable to increased severity of ROP in laser-treated patients, the effect of laser treatment, or both.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a Novel MRI Sign of the Optic Chiasm in Patients With Optic Nerve Hypoplasia.","authors":"Jonathan L Tong, Asha Parvathaneni, Aditya Santoki, Joshua Shimony, Andrew R Lee, Gregg Lueder, Margaret M Reynolds","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260408-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260408-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding affecting the optic chiasm in patients with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective case-control study including 78 patients diagnosed as having ONH at a single institution, with an average age at MRI of 2.66 years. The control group included 70 patients of similar demographics without a diagnosis of ONH or gross abnormalities on MRI. MRI images obtained on a Siemens 3T Prisma or Siemens 1.5T Aera (Siemens Healthineers) were examined for all patients by two independent graders for presence of an optic chiasm deviation termed the Y-sign. Main outcome measures were presence of the Y-sign on MRI imaging in the coronal view.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Y-sign was identified in 55.1% of patients with ONH and 0% of control patients. Odds of the Y-sign were significantly higher in patients younger than 1 year (odds ratio [OR]: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.4 to 9.14; <i>P</i> = .008) and in patients with bilateral ONH (OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.08 to 7.33; <i>P</i> = .034). No association was found between the Y-sign and visual acuity or endocrine abnormalities (<i>P</i> = .11 and <i>P</i> = .78, respectively). However, there was a moderate effect size noted between the Y-sign and absence of the septum pellucidum (<i>P</i> = .052).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The authors present a novel MRI finding seen in more than half of patients with ONH that appears to be highly specific and mildly sensitive for the condition. Results indicate that the Y-sign may be a sign for absence of the septum pellucidum, but other clinical outcomes require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Occlusion and Supplemental Role of Mobile Games in the Treatment of Adult Amblyopia.","authors":"Rishabh Sah, Aarushi Saini, Shivani Kumari, Anam Ansari, Vaishali Tomar, Aakanksha Raghuvanshi, Subhash Dadeya, Kanchita Pandey","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260318-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260318-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the supplemental role of dichoptic mobile video games in the treatment of adults with amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 18 to 40 years with unilateral mild to moderate amblyopia and no prior history of amblyopia treatment were recruited after 6 weeks of optimal refractive correction. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups, each comprising 15 participants. The control group was prescribed 6 hours of daily patching. The study group played dichoptic mobile video games (stereoblocks) in addition to patching. They attended 2-hour sessions weekly for 12 weeks. Follow-up assessments included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for distance and near, as well as stereoacuity measurements at baseline and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of patients was 21.5 years (range: 19.5 to 26.5 years). The distance and near BCVA in the amblyopic eye showed an improvement at the final follow-up visit (12 weeks) in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference in improvement between the two groups at the final follow-up visit, with the study group performing better (<i>P</i> = .04). There was no significant improvement in either of the groups in terms of stereoacuity (<i>P</i> = .29). In intergroup and subgroup analysis, patients with anisometropia showed a significantly better improvement compared to strabismic and mixed amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Video games as a supplement to patching have additional benefits to patching in terms of BCVA in adults with amblyopia. Patients with anisometropic amblyopia appear to benefit more from this combined approach compared to those with strabismic or mixed amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Socioeconomic and Demographic Correlation of Non-accidental Traumatic Retinal Hemorrhages?","authors":"Leonard B Nelson","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260415-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20260415-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"63 3","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrovascular Retinal Membrane and Tractional Retinal Detachment in a Pediatric Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Case Report.","authors":"Chengzhi Liu, Mingrui Jin, Songfeng Li, Liang Li, Jinghua Liu","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260312-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20260312-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by mutations in the <i>NF1</i> gene and is commonly associated with ocular manifestations such as Lisch nodules, optic pathway gliomas, and choroidal abnormalities. Retinal structural changes are rarely reported. The authors describe a 3-year-old girl with NF1 who presented with decreased vision in her left eye. Ophthalmic imaging revealed an epiretinal fibrovascular membrane with vitreoretinal traction, cystic macular changes, and localized tractional retinal detachment (TRD) with a retinal tear. RetCam (Clarity Medical Sysetms, Inc) imaging and fluorescein angiography demonstrated vitreous opacities, fibrovascular adhesions, and vascular leakage. Systemic examination identified multiple café-au-lait spots and a plexiform neurofibroma confirmed by histopathology. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with membrane removal and silicone oil tamponade, resulting in stable retinal attachment during follow-up. This case expands the spectrum of retinal manifestations associated with NF1 and highlights the importance of regular ophthalmic surveillance in affected children.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"63 3","pages":"e18-e21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Childhood Myopia.","authors":"Simon Fung, Mitchell B Strominger, Aldo Vagge, Leonard B Nelson","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20260316-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20260316-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":"63 3","pages":"158-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal Gaze Palsy and Progressive Scoliosis: Clinical Profile and Review of Literature.","authors":"Manjushree Bhate, Shruthi Bathula, Ravi Varma","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-04","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe a rare inherited disorder in five patients presenting with horizontal gaze palsy along with characteristic abnormalities on neuroimaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted from January 2016 to December 2022 of all patients with the diagnosis of horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). Neuroimaging was performed in all patients and genetic testing in those who consented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All five patients had limitation of abduction and adduction in both eyes on attempted horizontal gazes with intact elevation, depression, and convergence. Two patients presented with synergistic convergence. Esotropia requiring strabismus surgery was present in one patient. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbit in all patients showed brainstem hypoplasia with \"split pons\" sign and a \"butterfly configuration\" of the medulla, which are characteristic of HGPPS. Genetic analysis of 3 patients confirmed the presence of <i>ROBO3</i> gene mutations. Scoliosis was noted in 2 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach is important in the management of such cases. Phenotypic variations such as in the cases described may be observed in HGPPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Ocular Pathology in Rett Syndrome.","authors":"Ashvin Babu, Faruk H Orge","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250806-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250806-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the risk of developing ocular alignment disorders, refractive errors, amblyopia, and nystagmus in patients with Rett syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used de-identified patient data from the TriNetX US Collaborative network and compared a Rett syndrome and a control cohort. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance demographics and well-characterized comorbidities. Statistical analysis calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with significance defined by excluding CIs between 0.9 and 1.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with Rett syndrome had an increased risk of developing strabismus (RR: 3.39; CI: 2.47 to 4.65) and risk for the specific horizontal subtypes of esotropia (RR: 4.06; CI: 2.26 to 7.26) and exotropia (RR: 2.92; CI: 1.83 ro 4.68). Additionally, patients with Rett syndrome had an increased risk of developing amblyopia (RR: 1.90; CI: 1.28 to 2.82) and nystagmus (RR: 1.98; CI: 1.12 to 3.53). No differences in risk were found for astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia development given Rett syndrome diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate the importance of regularly monitoring ocular health in patients with Rett syndrome and a need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms linking the disease with these specific ocular pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"199-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Demographics and Qualities of Retinal Hemorrhages in Patients With Non-accidental Trauma.","authors":"Florence Yan, Catherine Sano, Md Sohel Rana, William P Madigan","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250724-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and type of retinal hemorrhages in patients with non-accidental trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical charts of patients with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes corresponding to non-accidental trauma and retinal hemorrhage at one institution in Washington, DC, from 2010 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information including race and ethnicity, age, sex, and insurance coverage were recorded. Retinal hemorrhage characteristics (including the layer depth and the extension of hemorrhage), and follow-up visual acuity data were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that patients with deep or subretinal hemorrhages were more likely to have Medicaid insurance than those with preretinal hemorrhages (<i>P</i> = .049). Patients with hemorrhages extending to the periphery and ora serrata were younger than those with hemorrhages concentrated around the disc (<i>P</i> = .018). The duration of time before the first follow-up visit was significantly longer for Hispanic/Latino/Spanish patients, and the duration of time to the second follow-up visit was significantly longer for patients who had Medicaid.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous studies discerning correlative factors for pediatric patients with non-accidental trauma who have severe retinal hemorrhage. The significant associations between Medicaid insurance and young age with more severe retinal hemorrhages may provide insight to help establish priorities for interventions to reduce non-accidental trauma events in these demographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratometric Evaluation of the Anterior and Posterior Corneal Surface Before and After Corneal Cross-linking for Pediatric Keratoconus.","authors":"Bogumiła Wójcik-Niklewska, Małgorzata Janik","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20250619-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/01913913-20250619-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate keratometric measurements of the anterior and posterior corneal surface before and after corneal cross-linking (CXL) surgery for pediatric keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 111 eyes were found eligible for CXL. Anterior and posterior corneal surface keratometry values obtained before and after CXL were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean anterior keratometry values were 47.99 ± 3.96 and 47.74 ± 3.63 diopters (D) before and after CXL. The mean anterior surface steep keratometry was 50.05 ± 4.70 D before CXL and 49.58 ± 4.01 D at the end of the follow-up. The mean anterior surface flat keratometry was 45.91 ± 3.31 D before CXL and 45.93 ± 3.45 D at the end of the follow-up. The mean astigmatism of the anterior surface was 3.98 ± 2.34 cylinder diopters (Dcyl) before CXL and 3.63 ± 1.86 Dcyl at the end of the follow-up. The mean posterior surface keratometry value was -7.16 ± 0.81 D before CXL and -7.27 ± 0.76 D at the end of the follow-up. The mean posterior surface steep keratometry value was -7.52 ± 0.86 D before CXL and -7.64 ± 0.81 D at the end of the follow-up. The mean posterior surface flat keratometry value was -6.81 ± 0.80 D before CXL and -6.90 ± 0.75 D at the end of the follow-up. The mean posterior surface astigmatism was 0.71 ± 0.33 Dcyl before CXL and 0.73 ± 0.34 Dcyl at the end of the follow-up. The difference was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CXL is recommended for children with keratoconus. The treatment does not significantly alter anterior and posterior corneal surface keratometry values.</p>","PeriodicalId":50095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"210-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}