Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Study on concrete activation characteristics and safety management strategies for 30 MeV medical cyclotrons.","authors":"Yuan Ding, Maokai Rong, Zheng Liu, Min Li","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aded1c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aded1c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically analyses the concrete activation problem and associated radiation risk caused by long-term operation of medical cyclotron. The research shows that medium energy (10-30 MeV) medical cyclotrons under high current operating conditions can induce concrete activation with penetration depths of 100-120 cm, mainly producing long-lived radionuclides such as Eu-152 and Co-60 with activity concentrations up to 600 Bq g^-1and 250 Bq g^-1, respectively. Under operation at maximum design parameters, the peak ambient dose equivalent rate around the target chamber reaches 961<i>μ</i>Sv h^-1at the end of operation and remains above 500<i>μ</i>Sv h^-1even after two years of cooling, posing significant radiation risks to personnel. China's current radiation safety management system faces the twin challenges of a lack of standards and insufficient radioactive waste management capacity. Based on international practices such as IAEA, recommendations are proposed to improve the management system in three dimensions: revision of regulations and standards, financial safeguards, and technological innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical tool for calculating kerma-to-dose equivalent average conversion coefficients (<i>H</i>_p(10),<i>H</i>_p(3),<i>H</i>_p(0.07), and ICRU 95 recommended dosimetric quantities) for photon beams defined in ISO 4037-1, diagnostic, therapy beams, unfiltered x-rays, and custom photon spectra.","authors":"Rohit Yadav, A K Bakshi, B K Sapra","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adeab8","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adeab8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation protection for workers in diverse environments, exposed to varying radiation fields, is a critical aspect of occupational health and safety. To address the challenges in personnel dosimetry, this study introduces excel for kerma-to-dose equivalent conversion (EKDEC), a user-friendly, Excel-based analytical tool designed to calculate the kerma-to-dose equivalent average conversion coefficients for a wide range of photon radiation spectra. EKDEC supports the calculation of dose equivalents for the traditional International Commission on Radiological Protection quantities (<i>H</i>_p(10),<i>H</i>_p(3),<i>H</i>_p(0.07)) as well as the newly recommended ICRU 95 dose equivalents, including personal dose (<i>H</i>_p), local skin dose (<i>D</i>_{p,local skin}), and absorbed dose to the eye lens (<i>D</i>_p,lens). The tool is capable of handling photon beams such as those defined in International Organization for Standardization 4037-1, diagnostic x-rays, therapy beams, unfiltered x-rays, and custom photon spectra. Through rigorous validation, EKDEC demonstrates excellent agreement with previously published results, showing relative differences typically within ±5% for most cases. By offering high accuracy, flexibility, and ease of use, EKDEC empowers radiation safety professionals, health physicists, and dosimetry laboratories to perform precise dosimetric measurements. This tool provides a comprehensive solution for enhancing the safety of radiation workers, supporting both standard and custom dosimetry needs with precision and simplicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author's response to the letter 'Worker studies and their Interpretation' by Richardson<i>et al</i>.","authors":"Richard Wakeford","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade68f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade68f","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worker studies and their interpretation.","authors":"David B Richardson, Dominique Laurier, Richard Haylock, Kaitlin Kelly-Reif, Stephen Bertke, Robert D Daniels, Isabelle Thierry-Chef, Ausrele Kesminiene, Mary K Schubauer-Berigan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade68e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade68e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent commentary on epidemiological studies of nuclear workers notes that these studies can provide radiation risk estimates that complement those derived from the study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. The author asserts that the results from some nuclear worker studies are difficult to interpret due to the fact that ERR/Gy estimates vary across subcohorts, and subcohort-specific estimates are not always equal to estimates obtained in the overall study population. We discuss settings in which it is reasonable to expect that an estimate of association in a subcohort should be similar to an estimate obtained in the full cohort and settings in which a subcohort analysis may differ from the estimate obtained in a full cohort analysis. Focusing on the INWORKS study, we describe some of the steps taken to understand variation in estimates of ERR/Gy between subgroups and upon restrictions, as well as interpretation of estimates of external dose-mortality associations in the total study population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening radiation response and expanding cytogenetic applications: Indian biodosimetry network (IN-BioDoS).","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia, Nagesh N Bhat, Usha Yadav, Arshad Khan, B K Sapra, D K Aswal","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade8f9","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade8f9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As nuclear energy and radiation applications expand, advancing biodosimetry is crucial for assessing radiation exposure, especially during radiological emergencies. The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre's (BARC) Biodosimetry Laboratory has pioneered dose estimation techniques, including dicentric chromosome assay, cytokinesis block micronucleus assay, Chromosomal translocation by fluorescence<i>in situ</i>hybridisation,<i>γ</i>H2AX, 53BP1, and premature chromosome condensation. To enhance preparedness, BARC has launched the Indian biodosimetry network, integrating cytogenetic with an aim to standardise methods, promote collaboration, and ensure accurate dose assessments through inter-laboratory comparisons. Future expansions, including rapid biodosimetry techniques and global partnerships, will strengthen the handling of radiation emergencies. These techniques also hold potential in clinical diagnostics, personalised medicine, and drug testing, reinforcing societal applications in medical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of quality factors for space radiation at low Earth orbit: Monte Carlo-based microdosimetric approach.","authors":"Arghya Chattaraj, T Palani Selvam, R S Vishwakarma, B K Sapra","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to calculate quality factors (<i>Q</i>) for the radiation environment at low Earth orbit using Monte Carlo-based microdosimetric techniques. This study considers Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) ions (<i>Z</i>= 1-28), trapped protons, and albedo neutrons.<i>Q</i>is calculated with (2.8 g cm^-2polyethylene and 10 g cm^-2thick aluminum) and without shielding. FLUKA code is used to model a uniform radiation environment incident on a spherical spacecraft having the above shielding material while a spherical tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) is positioned at the center of this spherical envelope. The initial fluence spectra of the above radiation fields are based on the OLTARIS code. Microdosimetric distributions in the cavity of the TEPC are calculated separately for GCR ions, trapped protons, and albedo neutrons. Using the microdosimetric distributions,<i>Q</i>values for these radiations including mission<i>Q</i>values are calculated based on the theory of dual radiation action (TDRA) model, and the formalisms based on ICRP60 and ICRU40.<i>Q</i>initially increases with the<i>Z</i>of the ion, but beyond<i>Z</i>= 22, it becomes insensitive to<i>Z</i>. Depending on the calculation model, the mission<i>Q</i>value is in the range of 1.91-2.45 for no shielding, 1.67-2.07 for 2.8 g cm^-2polyethylene shielding, and 1.81-2.48 for 10 g cm^-2aluminum shielding. The microdosimetry-based mission<i>Q</i>values corresponding to 2.8 g cm^-2polyethylene shielding calculated according to the ICRP60 and ICRU40 models compare well with the published measured values of previous space missions. The calculated TDRA-based<i>Q</i>values compare well with the values derived from the OLTARIS code. A significant reduction in the dose equivalent is achieved with 10 g cm^-2Al shielding as compared to 2.8 g cm^-2polyethylene. Overall, the study enhances the understanding of how shielding influences<i>Q</i>and dose equivalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a military-specific mesh-type computational phantom library and its application to internal dosimetry and in-field radiological triage screening.","authors":"Wyatt W Smither, Yitian Wang, Chansoo Choi, Robert Dawson, Yi Wei, Shaheen A Dewji, David Hooper, Wesley E Bolch","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/added1","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/added1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimates of organ-absorbed and committed doses to individuals exposed to radioactive materials via acute inhalation often rely on internal dose coefficients and detector responses from reference human computational models. To achieve more accurate dose assessments to United States Armed Forces service members exposed in-field, computational models with varying morphometric parameters representative of this population are necessary. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 145 provides detailed mesh reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) for adult males and females, with morphometric parameters matched to the 50th percentile. Previously, these phantoms were 2D and 3D scaled to match desired height, mass, and secondary anthropomorphic parameters in the creation of the University of Florida / Memorial Sloan Kettering (UF/MSK) computational phantom library. To achieve body fat percentage targets required for accession into the US Armed Forces, muscle and fat volumes were adjusted accordingly, thus, creating the UF/Department of Defence computational phantom library presented in this study. A comprehensive library of mesh-type computational human phantoms was created, including 57 adult males and 49 adult females with morphometric parameters aligned with United States Armed Forces service members. Phantoms were restricted to a body mass index between 19 and 27.5, with body fat percentages below 26% for males and 36% for females. Specific absorbed fractions were computed for selected source and target combinations, demonstrating how variations in height and body mass influence energy absorption in target regions relative to the ICRP MRCPs. Radiation detector responses were also computed, revealing that higher body masses resulted in decreased registered counts in the detection volume. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating morphometric variability in computational phantoms to achieve more accurate dose assessments and radiation detection responses for United States Armed Forces service members who inhale radioactive materials in-field.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of effective and equivalent dose derived from veterinary radiology applications using the Monte Carlo method.","authors":"Wilson Otto Batista, Maria Rosangela Soares, Jacqueline Machado Gurjão Rios","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade262","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the present study was to evaluate effective dose and equivalent dose values for x-ray equipment operators and the tutors of small animals during veterinary radiology procedures, using simulations via the Monte Carlo method with the heavy ion transport code system and MESH-type phantoms, as described in International Commission on Radiological Protection, Report 145. Scenarios of conventional and dental veterinary radiology were analysed, considering variations in beam incidence angle, tube voltage (kV), and the use or not of backscatter shield accessories. The results demonstrate that the use of the backscatter shield significantly reduces the doses received by the operator and the tutor, in addition to reinforcing the importance of safe practices. Adopting the appropriate parameters, kV and current-time product (mAs), adherence to radiological protection recommendations, and training professionals minimises exposures. All data reinforce the need for good practices; although the dose values are below the limits established in radiological protection, they should not be neglected. In dental radiographs, the absence of the backscatter shield can increase doses by up to 30 times. Thus, strict adherence to radiological protection standards, manufacturer's instructions, and international recommendations is essential for maintaining exposures as low as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archival records housed at USTUR support radium dial worker dosimetry.","authors":"Nicole E Martinez, Derek W Jokisch, Michael T Mumma, Sergey Y Tolmachev, Maia Avtandilashvili, George Tabatadze, Richard W Leggett, Caleigh Samuels, Ashley P Golden, Sara C Howard, Lawrence T Dauer, John D Boice","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad8bcf","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad8bcf","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American radium dial worker (RDW) cohort of over 3200 persons is being revisited as part of the Million Person Study (MPS) to include a modern approach to RDW dosimetry. An exceptional source of data and contextualization in this project is an extensive collection of electronic records (digitized from existing microfilm and microfiche) housed at the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR). Although the type, extent, and quality (e.g. legibility) of record(s) varies between individuals, the remarkable occupational, medical and demographic data include<i>in vivo</i>radiation measurements (e.g. radon breath, whole body counts), autopsy results, medical records (including copies of radiographs), interviews over the years, and correspondence. Of particular dosimetric interest are the details of radiation measurements. For example, there are some instances where hand-written and transcribed values are both available, along with notes providing context for why a particular measurement in a series of measurements was chosen to assign an intake, or if there were concerns about a particular measurement. Born prior to 1935, RDW have nearly all passed away. Thus, the updated dosimetry, especially for the skeletal tissues, will allow the correlation of lifetime cumulative dose with radiation risk. Here we review typical information available in this collection of historical records and highlight some interesting finds. Additionally, we discuss the relevance to current and ongoing work related to updating the dosimetry of the RDW in the MPS, including providing an example of the usefulness of information contained in these records. The RDW cohort provides a unique historical perspective on occupational exposure to radium, making it a valuable dataset for understanding long-term health effects and improving current radiation protection standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the occupational health impacts of ionising radiation exposure among healthcare professionals.","authors":"Rogério Lopes, Pedro Teles, Joana Santos","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/added2","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/added2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to low-doses of ionising radiation can induce biological effects in healthcare professionals, such as DNA damage, genotoxic effects, lens opacities, and risk of cancer. This systematic review aims to assess the current status and identify the health impacts of occupational exposure to ionising radiation. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Articles were included only if they specifically addressed the adverse biological effects of ionising radiation on healthcare professionals, particularly in medical applications. Studies published between January 2019 and December 2023 were considered, with sources obtained from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. A total of 345 articles were identified through an extensive literature search, and after the complete text screening, 32 articles were deemed suitable for inclusion in the review. Eleven studies reported significantly higher micronuclei (MN) frequencies in workers exposed to ionising radiation compared to unexposed. The MN studies reviewed found a significant correlation between dose or exposure time and MN frequencies. All studies revealed significantly higher chromosomal aberrations (CA) values when exposed to ionising radiation. The occurrence of lens opacities among interventional physicians varied significantly, with rates ranging from 16% to 47%. This review emphasizes the high occurrence of cataracts, increased cancer risk, and the relevant frequency of MN and CA in workers chronically exposed to low doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}