Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Spotlight on EMF research: a literature review service by the German federal office for radiation protection.","authors":"Heinrich A M Leymann, Alexander Astanin, Dan Baaken, Dimitri Belenki, Andreas Deser, Lukas Gernand, Dirk Geschwentner, Felix Meyer, Blanka Pophof, Janine-Alison Schmidt, Evelyn Weiser, Heide Wilsdorf-Koehler, Martin Zang, Jens Kuhne","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8aff","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8aff","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the area of research on electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and health, decision makers and practitioners face an increasingly complex information landscape, characterised by high publication volumes, heterogeneous methods and the occasional spread of oversimplified claims. '<i>Spotlight on EMF Research</i>', offered by the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), wants to support the EMF-interested community by providing regular, structured assessments of selected scientific publications.<i>Spotlight on EMF Research</i>offers concise summaries and critical commentaries, brief Literature Suggestions, comprehensive literature lists, and a quarterly newsletter aimed at regulators, advisory bodies, scientists, and other expert users. This article describes the underlying rationale and workflow, including regular database searches, AI-assisted categorisation, and an interdisciplinary editorial and review process. It also presents descriptive data on the screened and featured literature and summarises early user feedback. We discuss the systematic limitations and potential selection biases of the format, its implications for risk communication in a changing media landscape, and how<i>Spotlight on EMF Research</i>complements existing scientific EMF literature information services.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of threshold-like behaviour in low-dose radiation risk using improved statistical evaluation methods and implications for further investigation.","authors":"Hiroto Kawakami, Tsugio Yokoyama, Hideo Maki","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae890f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae890f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large number of epidemiological cohort studies have evaluated radiation risks at low doses; however, the applicability of the linear no-threshold model to the low-dose range (LDR) remains an unresolved issue. This study argues that conventional statistical methods used in cohort analyses may not be suitable for assessing radiation effects in the LDR. Major limitations include the use of broad attained-age stratification, the dominance of high-dose observations in single-model regression, and inconsistent treatment of strongly correlated confounders such as smoking. To address these limitations, we propose improved statistical procedures optimised for the LDR and apply them to the publicly available dataset of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation's life span study (LSS-2009). The proposed method derives baseline estimates exclusively from non-exposed groups, excludes individuals of unknown smoking status, and varies the upper boundary of the LDR while maintaining fixed baseline coefficients. Under these analytical conditions, the excess relative risk coefficient appears to change sign within a certain dose range, which may suggest the possibility of threshold-like behaviour. Even within the constraints of limited data, the present analysis indicates that adopting alternative analytical perspectives may allow such patterns to emerge. These findings suggest the importance of making additional datasets available and encouraging broader examination by the research community, so that conclusions can be refined through open and collective scientific discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From fragmentation to integration: building a globally harmonised biodosimetry framework for radiological emergency preparedness.","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia, Arshad Khan, Balvinder K Sapra","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8afe","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8afe","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Escalating geopolitical instability and the persistent risk of radiological or nuclear incidents highlight an urgent need for resilient global radiation emergency preparedness. In such crises, rapid and reliable biological dose assessment is indispensable for triage, therapeutic stratification, and long-term health surveillance. While the dicentric chromosome assay remains the gold standard for biodosimetry, its labour-intensive nature, limited throughput, and variability in implementation constrain large-scale responsiveness. Emerging approaches, including DNA-DSB repair foci analysis and G₀-phase premature chromosome condensation combined with fluorescence<i>in situ</i>hybridisation, offer promising acceleration, yet lack universally harmonised validation frameworks. Despite the existence of regional and international initiatives, global biodosimetry capacity remains fragmented, with heterogeneous protocols, uneven infrastructure, and limited interconnectivity. This commentary contends that isolated excellence is insufficient in the face of potential mass-casualty scenarios that transcend national boundaries. We propose the establishment of a formally integrated global biodosimetry consortium anchored in coordinated interlaboratory comparisons, standardised protocols aligned with IAEA and ISO guidance, shared digital platforms, and sustained training programmes. Modelling suggests that coordinated activation of existing laboratories could increase triage capacity by orders of magnitude compared to isolated national responses. A globally harmonised biodosimetry framework is not merely a technical aspiration; it is a strategic imperative. Integration will enhance scientific rigour, operational scalability, and collective resilience against radiological emergencies of unprecedented scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLUKA investigations of the applicability of pure propane gas for TEPC-based microdosimetry of space radiation in low Earth orbit.","authors":"Arghya Chattaraj, T Palani Selvam","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8910","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) filled with tissue-equivalent propane (TEP) gas is the standard choice for microdosimetric studies. However, pure propane (PP) gas serves as an effective alternative for long-duration space missions due to its superior compositional stability. This study addresses the applicability of PP gas for the microdosimetry of space radiation using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. Towards this goal, microdosimetric distributions and total energy deposited in the TEPC cavity filled with PP and TEP gases are calculated at 1<i>μ</i>m site size, for GCR ions, trapped protons (TPs) and albedo neutrons present in the lower Earth orbit (LEO). The density scaling factor () is calculated using the calculated energy deposited in the gas cavities. The study reveals that the calculated value offor GCR ions and TPs is about 0.93 and that for albedo neutron is 0.88.is about 0.93 for the combined radiation environment at LEO. Whenis applied on the density of PP, the resultant microdosimetric distributions and mean quality factors are comparable to those for TEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation safety considerations for ultrafast lasers beyond laser machining.","authors":"Simon Bohlen-Blömers, Julian Holland, Rudolf Weber","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7f2b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7f2b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interaction of ultrafast lasers with plasmas has been studied for many years, primarily with respect to fundamental emission mechanisms. Only in recent years has ionising radiation emerged as a safety concern in ultrafast laser-based material processing, where high pulse energies, repetition rates, and average powers, combined with continuous material supply, can lead to sustained x-ray emission. These processing-specific findings have informed German radiation protection legislation, which mandates notification or approval for laser systems exceeding irradiances of. However, this threshold does not distinguish between material processing and other ultrafast laser applications. In this work, we show that the conditions required for x-ray generation are highly specific and are typically only met during material processing. We assess the applicability of existing radiation studies to non-processing environments and present experimental results demonstrating negligible or no dose production under representative laboratory conditions, such as ultrafast laser interactions with underdense gas or stationary solid targets. We conclude that current legislation generalises a processing-specific hazard to all ultrafast laser applications and does not adequately reflect the relevant physical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of radiation protection apron defect on radiation dose during fluoroscopy.","authors":"M K Liukkonen, S Kaartinen, A-P Ronkainen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae890e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae890e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational exposure should be minimised to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable. Radiation protection aprons and thyroid collars are effective in reducing occupational radiation dose as they typically attenuate at least 90% of scattered radiation. However, cracks and holes may compromise the shielding capacity of the apron. The aim of the study was to quantify change in radiation dose behind defects to support the development of rejection criteria for damaged aprons. Air kerma rates were measured with a calibrated solid-state dosimeter behind a 0.25 mm Pb-equivalent apron containing seven circular defects (diameter 1.5-20 mm) and one horizontal crack (50 mm) under two clinical fluoroscopy settings and compared with measurements obtained behind an intact apron. The air kerma rate increased by up to 165<i>µ</i>Gy h^-1behind the damaged apron. Based on average annual fluoroscopy times per operator at Kuopio University Hospital, the use of damaged apron could result in an annual air kerma increase of 9.7 mGy behind the damaged area. Defect size and location affect the shielding performance of protective aprons. Considering defect position in rejection criteria allows more realistic estimation of the potential impact on staff effective dose and helps avoid unnecessary replacement of protective garments. Based on the present measurements, defects smaller than approximately 1 cm did not produce a meaningful increase in air-kerma values under the tested conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance of radiation protection under uncertainty: LNT, ALARA, and narrative-driven reform<sup />.","authors":"Philip V Egidi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7b46","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae7b46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation protection has long operated under conditions of irreducible scientific uncertainty, particularly at low doses and low dose rates. Governance frameworks such as the linear no-threshold (LNT) model and the principle of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) were adopted not as claims of biological certainty, but as prudential tools to support transparent and accountable decision-making. Decades of epidemiological studies support the continued use of LNT as a reasonable approach for regulating low-dose exposures. Recent policy initiatives calling for reconsideration of these frameworks, including proposals to adopt deterministic exposure limits without transparent derivation, reflect a shift towards narrative-driven reform. This paper situates these developments within historical experience, contemporary legal constraints, and the 2025 National Academies framework on mis-, dis-, and malinformation, and evaluates the risks of destabilising radiation protection governance by substituting symbolic certainty for transparent management of risk and uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutron dose assessment by unfolding spectra from neutron activation analysis of a smartphone.","authors":"Botao Hu, Xu Xu, Tao Sun, Jingwei Yue, Chunyong Li, Xian Guan, Yong Yuan, Xiaomin Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8911","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smartphones are widely available and can serve as opportunistic dosimeters in nuclear emergencies. However, the complex internal structures of smartphones lead to neutron moderation, scattering, absorption and gamma-ray self-absorption. These effects may induce substantial errors when conducting activation analysis in a neutron field. This study developed a neutron spectrum unfolding method using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation with the SAND-II iterative algorithm. An equivalent smartphone model was established to approximate the real sample in both neutron transport and induced gamma-ray emission. The neutron spectrum simulated inside the smartphone was used as the initial input spectrum for unfolding. To verify this method, a smartphone sample was irradiated by a²⁵²Cf spontaneous fission source, and induced gamma rays from elements such as Au, Ni, Ti, and Al in the smartphone were measured by a high-purity germanium detector. The calculated reaction rates of the corresponding activation reactions agree with experimental values within 5%, and the unfolded neutron spectrum shows less than 2.1% deviation from the reference spectrum in the dose-dominant fast-neutron region. Based on the unfolded spectrum, the derived neutron effective dose rate was 0.761 Sv h^-1, representing a difference of just 2.2% from the reference value.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting local economic parameters in ALARA evaluations for the reuse of decommissioning remaining building.","authors":"Chang-Hee Han, Hye-Bin Min, Hyung-Woo Seo, Yeong-Il Na, Gang-Woo Ryu, Kwang-Pyo Kim","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae84d6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae84d6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After nuclear power plant decommissioning, remediation is required to ensure that radiation doses from residual radioactivity in remaining buildings do not exceed 0.1 mSv yr^-1, and decontamination below this legal criterion may be considered from the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) perspective. Accordingly, this study conducted an ALARA evaluation of remedial actions for the reuse of remaining buildings at Kori Unit 1 to determine the need for additional remediation and to identify the optimal remedial action. Evaluation factors were identified based on the ALARA Action Level methodology of NUREG-1757 and analyses of U.S. license termination plans and were redefined to reflect site-specific characteristics. Cost factors were derived for selected remedial actions, ALARA Action Levels were calculated, and the impact of the level of decontamination was analysed. The results showed that all remedial actions yielded ALARA Action Levels greater than unity, indicating that decontamination below the derived concentration guideline level is unnecessary. Shaving exhibited the lowest ALARA Action Level and was identified as the remedial action closest to satisfying the ALARA principle. These results are expected to support ALARA-based planning of remediation activities following nuclear power plant decommissioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the ICRU/ICRP proposal on operational quantities during interventional procedures: investigation through spectral measurements.","authors":"Tristan Genetay, Nicolas Cherbuin, Lucia Gallego Manzano, Thomas Otto, François Bochud, Pierre Carbonez, Marie Nowak, Jerome Damet","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8272","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae8272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In low-energy photon fields, such as those encountered during fluoroscopy-guided interventions, the current operational quantity for area dosimetry, ambient dose equivalent(10), overestimates effective dose by roughly a factor of two. International Commission on Radiation Units and measurements (ICRU) Report 95 introduces a revised set of operational quantities intended to better align with protection quantities, replacing(10) with ambient dosefor area monitoring. Experimental data validating these changes in realistic clinical environments remain scarce. This study examines the differences between current and newly proposed operational quantities in scattered radiation fields representative of occupational staff exposure during fluoroscopy-guided procedures. Measurements were performed using a Timepix4 hybrid pixel detector operated simultaneously as an x-ray spectrometer and dosimeter. The detector provides energy-resolved photon fluence measurements convertible into operational dose quantities via published fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients. Measurement campaigns were conducted in a urology theatre and an interventional cardiology (IC) theatre under realistic clinical conditions. Photon spectra were recorded at staff positions representative of standard procedures and converted into current and newly proposed quantities relevant to whole-body, skin, and eye lens exposure. The influence of beam angulation and additional shielding was further investigated in the IC theatre. For whole-body exposure, ratios betweenand(10) ranged from 0.52 in urology to 0.59 in IC. Quantities relevant to skin and eye lens exposure remained close to unity, with deviations not exceeding 5% and 8%, respectively. Beam angulation and shielding induced only minor variations in these ratios, below 5%. These results provide the first experimental validation of ICRU Report 95 quantities in interventional workplaces. Whole-body dosimetry is most affected by the transition, while skin and eye lens monitoring should remain largely unchanged. Ambient dosimeters calibrated in(10) used in low-energy photon fields may be recalibrated using a single procedure-specific calibration factor, whereas calibration procedures for skin and eye lens dosimeters may remain unchanged.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}