Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"MULTIPLEX PCR FOR DIRECT IDENTIFICATION OF THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER, C. JEJUNI, C. COLI, C. LARI AND C. UPSALIENSIS AND SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF CDTB GENE","authors":"SUEPTRAKOOL WISESSOMBAT,&nbsp;JITWADEE INTHAGARD,&nbsp;KANOKWAN KITTINIYOM,&nbsp;POTJANEE SRIMANOTE,&nbsp;WIJIT WONGLUMSOM,&nbsp;SUPAYANG PIYAWAN VORAVUTHIKUNCHAI","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00181.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00181.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been developed for the identification of the four thermophilic</i> Campylobacter <i>commonly associated with human gastroenteritis including</i> C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari <i>and</i> C. upsaliensis. <i>The best combination of primers and the annealing temperature of multiplex PCR were examined. Detection limit was 2 × 10⁵ cfu and 100 ng of DNA or whole-cell suspension. The multiplex PCR was applied for the direct detection and differentiation of</i> Campylobacter <i>species in 33 human and 45 chicken caeca isolates. Of the 78 specimens evaluated by the multiplex PCR, 55 (70.5%) were identified as</i> C. jejuni, <i>18 (23.0%) as</i> C. coli <i>and 5 (6.41%) as a mixed infection with both species. Comparison of hippurate test and multiplex PCR demonstrated five (6.41%) isolates with false-positive hippurate enzymic activity and three (3.85%) with false-negative activity</i>. cdtB <i>gene was detected in 100% and 38.9% of</i> C. jejuni <i>and</i> C. coli, <i>respectively. This multiplex PCR was found to be rapid, easy to perform and had a high sensitivity and specificity, even with mixed cultures. The system is useful for the detection of the presence of</i> cdtB <i>gene that is responsible for toxin activity in</i> Campylobacter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows in a single tube PCR, the identification of the four clinically important <i>Campylobacter</i> species, with a simultaneous detection of the <i>cdtB</i> gene. The PCR works well in our hands with both purified genomic DNA and whole-cell suspension. This should greatly speed up identification by replacing the current biochemical phenotypic schemes. In addition, the system can detect the presence of <i>cdtB</i> gene that encodes the cytolethal-distending toxin activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"438-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00181.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED ASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF POULTRY SIGNIFICANT PSEUDOMONADS","authors":"IRENE HANNING,&nbsp;ROBIN JARQUIN,&nbsp;AWILDA O'LEARY,&nbsp;MICHAEL SLAVIK","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00185.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00185.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pseudomonas <i>genus-specific primers targeting the</i> 16s rRNA <i>gene were used in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid analysis of</i> Pseudomonas <i>isolated from retail chicken carcasses. A multiplex PCR assay was also designed using specific primers targeting the</i> gyrase B <i>sub-unit gene to rapidly distinguish between several species of poultry significant</i> Pseudomonads. <i>The assays were used to evaluate the species and level of spoilage</i> Pseudomonads <i>on raw chicken carcasses over an 8-day storage period. No</i> Pseudomonas <i>were detected on the chicken carcasses until 4 days after storage using culturing and plating techniques, but the PCR-based assays developed in this research were more sensitive and detected</i> Pseudomonas <i>in carcass rinses performed immediately after processing. With the multiplex PCR assay, it was determined that most of the</i> Pseudomonas <i>spoilage was because of</i> Pseudomonas fluorescens <i>and</i> Pseudomonas fragi.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Economic losses as a result of spoilage are estimated between 5 and 17 billion dollars annually. In the poultry industry, the <i>Pseudomonads</i> not only cause the majority of this spoilage, but are also primary biofilm formers which may harbor and spread pathogens. Currently, only biochemical assays are available in the food industry for detection and differentiation of <i>Pseudomonads</i>. However, biochemical assays require 5 days for results, are limited to detection of a few species, and often produce erroneous results. The PCR assays developed in this work can reduce detection time to a few hours. Furthermore, these nucleic acid-based assays have the potential to simplify the identification process, reduce food spoilage and foodborne illness, and speed the diagnosis of ill birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"490-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00185.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM O2β, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF VIBRIOSIS IN ATLANTIC COD, GADUS MORHUA","authors":"AMOD KULKARNI,&nbsp;CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE A. CAIPANG,&nbsp;MONICA F. BRINCHMANN,&nbsp;KJETIL KORSNES,&nbsp;VISWANATH KIRON","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00186.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00186.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assay for the detection of</i> Vibrio anguillarum <i>O2β, the causative agent of vibriosis in Atlantic cod,</i> Gadus morhua<i>, was developed. Five sets of primers targeting the flanking regions of the genes, hemolysin and</i> amiB<i>, which encodes the peptidoglycan hydrolase N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase of the pathogen were designed. The primers were specific for the detection of</i> Vibrio anguillarum <i>O2β with no cross reactions to other bacterial pathogens commonly infecting Atlantic cod, e.g., Yersinia ruckeri, Francisella piscicida, Aeromonas salmonicida and some endogenous bacteria found in the gut of Atlantic cod. The detection limit of the assay was 10 pg of bacterial DNA/mL or 10 fg of bacterial DNA per LAMP reaction; however, the sensitivity of the reaction decreased by 3-log dilution in the presence of 1 mg/mL of mucus samples as inhibitors. Nevertheless, the assay can be potentially used as a direct and nondestructive method to detect the pathogen in the fish, thus making the assay less time-consuming. These results suggest that the LAMP assay is a specific and sensitive molecular method to detect vibriosis in Atlantic cod and will be helpful for routine surveillance programs in aquaculture systems.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a potential diagnostic technique performed under isothermal conditions without the use of any sophisticated equipment, can be used for the rapid and early detection of <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i> 02β causing vibriosis in Atlantic cod. The developed assay is highly sensitive and can be used to detect the pathogen prior to the onset of infection, thus, immediate measures can be applied to prevent heavy losses of the cultured stock.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"503-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00186.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODIFICATION OF FUNG DOUBLE TUBE AND CP ANASELECT OXYPLATE METHODS TO IMPROVE THEIR PERFORMANCE IN ENUMERATING CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS FROM SEWAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS","authors":"KANNAPPAN VIJAYAVEL,&nbsp;DANIEL Y.C. FUNG,&nbsp;ROGER S. FUJIOKA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00188.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00188.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>The Fung Double Tube (FDT) and the newly developed CP AnaSelect Oxyplates methods can enumerate concentrations of</i> Clostridium perfringens <i>without need for external anaerobic generating systems. Because</i> Clostridium perfringens <i>is a reliable indicator of fecal contamination and it is one of the fastest growing fecal bacteria, these two methods were evaluated as feasible methods to screen recreational waters for sewage contamination. To increase the sensitivity and selectivity of these methods, three modifications were evaluated. The first modification was to pretreat the water samples using a microwave oven to attain high temperature (70C) for a short time (2.5 min) to reduce the interfering growth of non</i>-C. perfringens <i>colonies on the selective media. The second modification was the addition of phosphatase reaction, thus enumerated colonies could be confirmed as</i> C. perfringens. <i>The third modification was to increase the sample volume for the FDT test from 5 to 10 mL/tube. The data collected showed that these modifications improved the selectivity and sensitivity of these two methods to enumerate</i> C. perfringens <i>from sewage-contaminated water samples as well as environmental water samples such as streams, harbors, canals and coastal swimming beaches. The recovery efficiencies of the FDT and experimental CP AnaSelect Oxyplate for</i> C. perfringens <i>were similar to traditionally used membrane</i> C. perfringens, <i>tryptose sulfite cycloserine and Shahidi Ferguson perfringens agar media by membrane filtration technology, followed by incubation in anaerobic chambers. These results show that the modified FDT and CP AnaSelect Oxyplate methods are feasible and reliable methods to monitor environmental waters for</i> C. perfringens. <i>The FDT method is especially promising because it is simple, inexpensive and can produce results in 5–6 h.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is currently being evaluated as a reliable indicator of sewage contamination in recreational waters. However, traditional methods to assay for <i>C. perfringens</i> are expensive and cumbersome because of the need for external anaerobic generating systems. In addition, target colonies must be confirmed by a second test. In this study, two methods are described, with capabilities to self-generate anaerobic conditions and to immediately confirm the target colonies as <i>C. perfringens</i>. Moreover, one of the methods meets the difficult criterion of obtaining results in 6 h so decision on closing the beach can be reached on the same day the beach water sample is tested. Since these two methods are feasible and reliable, it will encourage many laboratories to assay their recreational waters for <i>C. ","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"535-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00188.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FUNG'S CORNER","authors":"DANIEL Y.C. FUNG MSPH, Ph.D.","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00190.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00190.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"411-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00190.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION – AN ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF ATYPICAL FURUNCULOSIS CAUSED BY AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA IN ATLANTIC COD, GADUS MORHUA","authors":"AMOD KULKARNI,&nbsp;CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE A. CAIPANG,&nbsp;MONICA F. BRINCHMANN,&nbsp;KJETIL KORSNES,&nbsp;VISWANATH KIRON","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00184.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00184.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assay was developed for the detection of atypical furunculosis, caused by</i> Aeromonas salmonicida <i>in Atlantic cod,</i> Gadus morhua. <i>Gene</i> gyr<i>B encoding the B subunit of DNA gyrase present in the pathogen was selected for designing five sets of primers targeting the flanking regions of the gene. The primers were specific for the detection of</i> A. salmonicida <i>with no cross reactions to other bacterial pathogens commonly infecting Atlantic cod, e.g.,</i> Vibrio anguillarum, Francisella piscicida, Yersinia ruckeri <i>and some endogenous bacteria found in the gut of Atlantic cod. The detection limit of the assay was 1 picogram of bacterial DNA mL⁻¹, whereas there was a decrease in detection limit by 1 log dilution in the presence of mucus as inhibitor. Because of its specificity and sensitivity, LAMP can be considered a useful tool in routine surveillance programs in aquaculture systems for monitoring atypical furunculosis in Atlantic cod and other marine species.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LAMP is a potential diagnostic technique that can be used for the rapid and early detection of atypical <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>, the causative agent of furunculosis in Atlantic cod. This technique does not require sophisticated equipment and can be performed under isothermal conditions. The assay is highly sensitive to enable detection of the pathogen prior to the onset of infection, thus, mitigating measures can be applied to prevent heavy losses of the cultured stock.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"476-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00184.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODUCTION OF SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS BY ESCHERICHIA COLI O157 : H7: EFFECTS OF OTHER BACTERIA AND ANALOGS OF QUORUM SENSING MOLECULES","authors":"SHU-I. TU,&nbsp;JOSEPH UKNALIS,&nbsp;GEORGE PAOLI,&nbsp;YIPING HE,&nbsp;ANDREW GEHRING","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00180.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00180.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>Accompanied with the growth of</i> Escherichia coli <i>O157 : H7, there was a production of Shiga-like toxins by this pathogenic bacterium. Time-course studies indicated that the accumulation of toxins in the medium occurred mainly at the stationary phase of cell growth. The growth of</i> E. coli <i>O157 : H7 in culture media was not significantly affected by the presence of other bacteria, e.g.,</i> E. coli <i>K-12,</i> E. coli <i>B6,</i> Salmonella <i>and</i> Pseudomonas, <i>even at high ratios. However, the production of Shiga-like toxins by</i> E. coli <i>O157 : H7 could be reduced by certain other bacteria, e.g.,</i> E. coli <i>K-12,</i> Pseudomonas aeruginosa <i>but not</i> Pseudomonas putida. <i>These lowering effects by other background bacteria on the toxin production were also observed in experiments using regular and irradiated ground beef. The presence of analogs of quorum-sensing molecules such as homoserine lactone (HSL) and indole, in general decreased the production of toxins by</i> E. coli <i>O157 : H7. This decrease could be partially reversed by the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. The complex nature of the control of Shiga toxin production is discussed.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The toxic effects of pathogenic bacterium <i>E. coli</i> O157 : H7 are related to the production of Shiga-like toxins by the pathogen. Current studies on the influence of environmental factors such as cell density, presence of other bacteria, chemicals and food components indicated a complex influence on the production of Shiga-like toxins by <i>E. coli</i> O157 : H7. The observation that the presence of certain other bacteria could lower the ability of <i>E. coli</i> O157 : H7 to produce the toxins was of particular interest. The analyses of the results suggested several practical possibilities to lower the production of the toxins, and thus, the health risk of the pathogen to the general public.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"420-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00180.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF MONOSTAPH PLUS IN COMPARISON TO TWO OTHER LATEX AGGLUTINATION TESTS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS","authors":"MARIT SØRUM,&nbsp;ROBERT SKOV","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00177.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00177.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>Three latex agglutination kits for rapid identification of</i> Staphylococcus aureus <i>were compared by testing a selection of isolates, which included methicillin resistant</i> S. aureus, <i>methicillin sensitive</i> S. aureus <i>and a diverse selection of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The sensitivities of Monostaph Plus (Bionor Laboratories, Skien, Norway), Pastorex Plus (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) and Staphaurex Plus (Oxoid, Cambridge, UK) were 98.5, 98.3 and 98.3% respectively, and the specificities were 97.5, 97.0 and 96.5%, respectively. None of the kits detected</i> Staphylococcus lugdunensis <i>correctly. This evaluation shows that the Monostaph Plus agglutination kit performs well and comparable to Pastorex Staph-Plus and Staphaurex Plus.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latex agglutination kits are very useful in the routine identification of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, but can occasionally give false-positive or false-negative results. Knowledge of how the various available kits are performing is, therefore, very important when selecting a kit for use. Correct identification of <i>S. aureus</i> is important, especially in relation to methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>, since other staphylococci species are known to carry the methicillin-resistance determinant <i>mecA</i>, but are of less clinical importance. This study is the first study comparing an improved version of the Monstaph-Plus kit with other latex agglutination kits, and provides new data about this kit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"414-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00177.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN INNOVATIVE MICROPLATE ASSAY TO FACILITATE THE DETECTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN PLANT EXTRACTS","authors":"Y. SULTANBAWA,&nbsp;A. CUSACK,&nbsp;M. CURRIE,&nbsp;C. DAVIS","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00187.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00187.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>A microplate assay was modified for the detection of antimicrobial activity in plant extracts. The aim was to develop an</i> in vitro <i>assay that could rapidly screen plant extracts to provide quantitative data on inhibition of microbial growth. A spectrophotometric assay using a microplate with serial dilutions of the plant extract and the bacteria was developed. Two bacteria,</i> Staphylococcus aureus <i>and</i> Escherichia coli, <i>were used for this study. Essential oils, oregano (</i>Origanum vulgare<i>) and lemon myrtle (</i>Backhousia citriodora<i>), and three active components carvacrol, thymol and citral were evaluated. The reproducibility of the assay was high, with correlation coefficients (</i>r<i>²) of the replicates of lemon myrtle and oregano with</i> S. aureus <i>and</i> E. coli <i>between 0.9321 and 0.9816. Similarly,</i> r<i>² values for carvacrol, thymol and citral were between 0.8455 and 0.9814. This assay could also be used to measure antimicrobial activity in plant extracts which vary in pH and color.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research could be used for the quantitative determination of antimicrobial activity in plant extracts. As inhibition of growth is expressed as a percentage from 0 to 100, this method could also be used to study synergies within plant extracts to enhance antimicrobial activity for future studies. When plant extracts are used in food as natural preservatives, the challenge is to use a concentration that does not interfere with the flavor of the food product. In general, the amount of plant extract required to extend the storage life of food is greater than that required to produce an acceptable flavor. The advantage of knowing the percent inhibition relates to the effect of synergies where the inhibitions less than 100% can be enhanced with other antimicrobial plant extracts, thereby reducing the amount of plant extract required.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"519-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00187.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR DETECTING FOODBORNE SHIGELLA BY A LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION","authors":"SULONG LI,&nbsp;XINBO ZHANG,&nbsp;DEGUO WANG,&nbsp;YANYUN KUANG,&nbsp;YIGANG XU","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00183.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00183.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> ABSTRACT</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p> <i>A novel method was developed and evaluated for detecting</i> Shigella <i>by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in this paper. Specific primers were specially designed and selected for recognizing seven distinct sequences of</i> ipaH <i>gene, which was performed only by</i> Shigella. <i>The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 43 cfu/mL, approximately equal to that of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The LAMP assay developed in this study is specific, sensitive and suitable for the detection of foodborne</i> Shigella.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> PRACTICAL APPLICATION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The LAMP method reported here provided a powerful tool for detection of foodborne <i>Shigella</i> due to its specificity, sensitivity and rapidity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"465-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00183.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63426658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}