{"title":"STATISTICAL VALIDATION OF THE TRACK-DILUTION PLATING METHOD FROM GROUND BEEF AND CARCASS SURFACE SAMPLES†","authors":"GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.1999.tb00385.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.1999.tb00385.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>A rapid and easy method of obtaining a viable culture count, the Track-Dilution method, was evaluated and compared to Spiral Plating to obtain viable culture counts from ground beef samples and beef carcass surface tissue samples inoculated with salmonellae or</i> Escherichia coli O157:H7. Based on the statistical analysis of the dataset (n = 125 samples), the Track-Dilution method results were not different (<i>P</i> > 0.1) than those obtained from Spiral Plating. Linear correlation of the scatterplot of Spiral Plating and Track-Dilution indicated a high level of agreement between these two methods (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.97). <i>The Track-Dilution method was a valid method for estimating viable culture counts for meat animal-derived samples with bacterial counts of more than 100 cfu/mL.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"7 3","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1999.tb00385.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63412491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A TWO DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS TECHNIQUE COMBINING A MICRO- AND A MINI-GEL SYSTEM FOR PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF FUNGAL HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS","authors":"I.J. XAVIER, G.G. KHACHATOURIANS","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00407.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00407.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) technique is described here that combines isoelectric focusing (IEF) based separation of proteins using the PhastGel IEF in the first dimension and the Criterion precast mini-gels in the second dimension. The technique is rapid (2.5 to 3 h including silver staining), convenient, sensitive with high resolution and enables simultaneous analysis of up to 24 samples. This technique also eliminates any inconsistencies arising from gel to gel variation, either from electrophoresis running conditions or differential staining times, especially as in the case of silver stains. The rapidity and efficacy of this technique is demonstrated by the proteome-based analysis of the induction, enhancement and repression of proteins in heat shocked</i> Beauveria bassiana, <i>ah entomopathogenic fungus.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00407.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63418773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
KAMEL A. ABD-ELSALAM, FRANK SCHNIEDER, JIAN-RONG GUO
{"title":"A MODIFIED DNA EXTRACTION MINIPREPARATION PROTOCOL FOR FUSARIUM ISOLATES","authors":"KAMEL A. ABD-ELSALAM, FRANK SCHNIEDER, JIAN-RONG GUO","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00410.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00410.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>We have modified a quick, inexpensive and less prone to contamination protocol by culturing the cryopreserved or fresh mycelium directly in 96-deepwell plate. The method facilitates concomitant assessment of ssDNA fungal diversity by asymmetric PCR (A-PCR) from a single extraction. The DNA yields from</i> Fusarium <i>spp. isolates was reasonably high, and a clear DNA band was frequently seen when 10 μL of the PCR product was run in agarose gel. The procedure can be completed in less than 4 h and 96 samples can be processed at the same time.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00410.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63419291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DETECTION OF VIABLE LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN MILK USING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD","authors":"CHUANMIN RUAN, HONG WANG, LIJU YANG, YANBIN LI","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00404.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00404.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>Growth of</i> Listeria monocytogenes <i>in a</i> Listeria <i>enrichment broth (LEB) was automatically monitored by electrochemical cyclic voltammetric scan using a gold working electrode. Changes in cyclic voltammograms were observed during growth of</i> L. monocytogenes <i>in LEB. The reduction peak at −0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl) corresponding to the reduction of oxygen dissolved in LEB on cyclic voltammograms was decreasing with proliferation of</i> L. monocytogenes, <i>and disappeared eventually. A pair of reversible redox peaks appeared during growth of</i> L. monocytogenes <i>in LEB. These cyclic voltammetric characteristics can be used to detect</i> L. monocytogenes <i>in various samples. Threshold values (detection time) obtained from the oxygen consumption curves were inversely related to the concentrations of</i> L. monocytogenes <i>in the broth. A calibration curve was obtained by plotting initial cell concentrations (CFU/mL) determined by conventional plate counting, as a function of the detection time. A linear response was found on the calibration curve for</i> L. monocytogenes <i>between 1 ∼ 9 times 10<sup>0</sup> and 1 ∼ 9 times 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL. The detection time was approximately 17 and 6 h for 1 ∼ 9 times 10<sup>0</sup> and 1 ∼ 9 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL of viable</i> L. monocytogenes <i>in the broth, respectively. The method was evaluated in detection of</i> L. monocytogenes <i>in milk samples.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00404.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63418605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ENRICHMENT MEDIA FOR RECOVERY AND DETECTION OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS IN KOREAN FOOD SYSTEM","authors":"YUN HEE CHANG, SANG MO LEE","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00405.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00405.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>This study was performed to establish standard methods and media for detecting</i> S. <i>Enteritidis in Korean style foods. For the preliminary experiment, the enrichment procedures for the recovery of acid or heat injured</i> S. <i>Enteritidis was compared. In the mixed culture system</i>, Salmonella <i>Enteritidis ATCC 13076</i>, Shigella sonnei <i>ATCC 9290</i>, Staphylococcus aureus <i>ATCC 25923</i>, Listeria monocytogenes <i>ATCC 19111</i>, Escherichia coli <i>ATCC 25922 were used.</i> S. <i>Enteritidis in food system were evaluated by using 5 different preenrichment media (TSB: Tryptic Soy Broth, LB: Lactose Broth, BPW: Buffered Peptone Water, SB: Selenite Broth, SCB: Selenite Cystine Broth) and 2 different enrichment media (TT: Tetrathionate Broth, RV: Rappaport and Vassiliadis).</i></p><p><i>TSB was the most effective medium to detect acid and heat injured</i> S. <i>Enteritidis after 6 h incubation, but SB and SCB were also effective after 24 h incubation. For the recovery of heat injured</i> S. <i>Enteritidis at 65C, 5 pre-enrichment media did not show significant differences</i> (P<<i>0.05). But after 6 h incubation, TSB and BPW were more effective than other media for the recovery of heat injured</i> S. <i>Enteritidis at 60C. BPW, TSB and TT were most effective for detecting</i> S. <i>Enteritidis in Kimbob (rice roll with lover), salad, Japchae (Chinese noodle with vegetable), mussel, pan-fried fish fillet, broiler carcasses, ground pork and Jokbal (boiled pork hock). TSB and TT were most effective for milk and eggs, and SCB was also effective for broiler carcasses.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00405.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63418661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING THE BACTERIAL CAPTURE EFFICIENCY OF IMMUNO BEADS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN BEADS WITH DIFFERENT SIZE AND DENSITY†","authors":"S.-I. TU, J. UKNALIS, M. GORE, P. IRWIN, I. FEDER","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00406.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00406.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>Biotinylated anti</i> E. coli <i>O157 antibodies were linked to streptavidin coated magnetic and polystyrene beads of different sizes and densities. These beads were then used to capture cultured</i> E. coli <i>O157:H7. Complexes formed between fluorescein-conjugated anti</i> E. coli <i>O157 antibodies and urease-conjugated anti-fluorescein antibodies further labeled bead-captured bacteria. The extent of the bacterial capture was related to the signal intensity of a light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) that measured the pH changes associated with urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea. Under the conditions of applying the same amounts of biotinylated anti</i> E. coli <i>O157 antibody to beads, analyses of the capture kinetics indicated that heavier beads exhibited a better efficiency in capturing the target bacteria than that associated with the lighter beads of the same size. Furthermore, with the same density, larger bead diameters were more effective in capturing the bacteria. Since sedimentation volumes for the heavier and larger beads are greater than those of the lighter and smaller beads, more interactions with the target by the heavier and larger beads are expected. Consequently, the observation is in agreement with a hydrodynamic kinetic model that predicts the bacterial capture is controlled by the sedimentation motion of the beads.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00406.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63418725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROTITER - BASED ASSAY FOR ASSESSMENT OF VIRULENCE RESPONSE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM EXPOSED TO FRESH PRODUCE EXTRACTS","authors":"J.D. NUTT, X. LI, I.B. ZABALA-DÍAZ, C.L. WOODWARD, S.C. RICKE","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00403.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00403.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>The purpose of this research was to develop a microtiter-based assay procedure for assessment of virulence gene response of</i> Salmonella <i>Typhimurium to fresh homogenized vegetables. The microtiter procedure was adapted from a assay for β-galactosidase activity of a</i> hilA <i>fusion strain of</i> S. <i>Typhimurium with volumes of all reagents adjusted for microtiter plate wells.</i> S. <i>Typhimurium exposed to pH 7 saline yielded a higher level of</i> hilA <i>expression than responses after incubation in pH 4, 5 and 6 saline. Bacterial cells exposed to broccoli extracts yielded the higher levels of</i> hilA <i>expression while bell pepper and tomato yielded the overall lowest amounts of</i> hilA <i>expression. From this study, it appears that fresh produce extracts have different abilities to significantly alter virulence response in</i> Salmonella. <i>In conclusion, the</i> hilA <i>fusion stain assay can be successfully adapted to microtiter plates for testing</i> Salmonella <i>virulence response to vegetable extracts.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00403.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63418538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JIAN-RONG GUO, KAMEL A. ABD-ELSALAM, FRANK SCHNIEDER, JOSEPH-ALEXANDER VERREET
{"title":"A RAPID AND EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR TOTAL RNA EXTRACTION FROM CONIDIA AND MYCELIUM OF SEPTORIA TRITICI","authors":"JIAN-RONG GUO, KAMEL A. ABD-ELSALAM, FRANK SCHNIEDER, JOSEPH-ALEXANDER VERREET","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00408.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00408.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>An effective and rapid method for RNA extraction from conidia and mycelium of</i> S. tritici <i>was developed, in which guanidinium isothiocyanate, CTAB and insoluble PVP were combined in one step, simplifying the extraction process greatly. The procedure can be completed in less than 6 h. Yield and purity of RNA could be estimated by electrophoresis on 1% formaldhyde-denatured agarose gel and by measuring the absorbance at 280, 260, 230 and 210 nm by UV spectroscopy. The result of electrophoresis showed two clear bands of 18S and 28S rRNA and no DNA contamination in the isolated RNA solution. The ratios A260/A280, A260/A230, A260/A210 were 1.76–1.82, 2.79–3.21 and 0.81–0.86, respectively. A high yield with 532–881 ng total RNA per gram fresh conidia and mycelium of</i> S. tritici <i>was obtained. The RNA was of sufficient purity for RT-PCR to detect the expression of β-tubulin gene in</i> S. tritici. <i>This protocol may also be suitable for RNA extraction from spores and mycelium of other fungi.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00408.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63419084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY FOR THE SPECIFIC DETECTION OF SALMONELLA, CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI, ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7, AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES","authors":"C. GILBERT, A. O'LEARY, D. WINTERS, M. SLAVIK","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00409.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00409.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract </b> <i>Detection of food-associated bacterial pathogens has become a major focus of the food industry, regulatory agencies, and researchers. Multiple pathogens need to be rapidly detected with high specificity and as cost efficient as possible. In this research, a multiplex PCR assay for the specific detection of</i> Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli <i>O157:-H7</i>, Salmonella, <i>and</i> Campylobacter jejuni <i>was developed. The four bacteria were detectable at 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/PCR reaction. No cross-reactivity with other bacteria commonly found associated with the four target organisms was found. This assay would simplify detection procedures for the target pathogens, reduce the time and labor necessary to acquire food safety results, and might allow one protocol to be used for bacterial detection on a wide variety of food products.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":50067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"61-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00409.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63419152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}