Journal of Renal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Re: Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Analysis of Phosphate Content in Plant-Based Milk Alternatives in Relation to Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Kathleen M. Hill Gallant PhD, RD","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 5","pages":"Pages 814-815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Heavy Body Shape Throughout the Life Course Increases the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Han Pang MD, Wei Liao PhD, Huanxiang Zhang MD, Shutong Wang Ms, Jian Hou PhD, Yuqian Li MD, Zhenxing Mao PhD, Lei Yin PhD, Chongjian Wang PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Evidence on the association between dynamic changes of obesity throughout the life course and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains lacking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body shape trajectories from early to middle age and CKD, supplemented by Mendelian randomization to explore potential causal relationships.</div></div><div>Evidence on the association between dynamic changes of obesity throughout the life course and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains lacking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body shape trajectories from early to middle age and CKD, supplemented by Mendelian randomization to explore potential causal relationships.</div><div><h3>Design and Methods</h3><div>Body shape at different ages in Henan Rural Cohort Study was retrospectively assessed by Stunkard body diagram, and group-based trajectory models were employed to identify trajectories of body shape. Logistic regression model was employed to assess the relationships between body shape trajectories and estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease, albuminuria, and CKD. Life expectancy and CKD-free life expectancy (CFLE) were calculated by the Sullivan method. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to explore potential causal relationship.</div></div><div>Body shape at different ages in Henan Rural Cohort Study was retrospectively assessed by Stunkard body diagram, and group-based trajectory models were employed to identify trajectories of body shape. Logistic regression model was employed to assess the relationships between body shape trajectories and estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease, albuminuria, and CKD. Life expectancy and CKD-free life expectancy (CFLE) were calculated by the Sullivan method. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to explore potential causal relationship.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five body shape trajectories from the 17,496 subjects were identified: lean-stable, lean-marked increase, medium-stable, medium-moderate increase, and heavy-stable. Compared to the lean-stable group, the adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval for CKD in the heavy-stable group were 1.37 (1.01, 1.86) in men and 1.28 (1.02, 1.61) in women, respectively. In addition, CFLE was shortest in the heavy-stable group for both genders. Corresponding genetic, the causal risk effects of CKD were 1.18 (1.01, 1.37) and 1.36 (1.15, 1.62) for childhood body mass index and adult body mass index, respectively.</div></div><div>Five body shape trajectories from the 17,496 subjects were identified: lean-stable, lean-marked increase, medium-stable, medium-moderate increase, and heavy-stable. Compared to the lean-stable group, the adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval for CKD in the heavy-stable group were 1.37 (1.01, 1.86) in men and 1.28 (1.02, 1.61) in women, respectively. In addition, CFLE was shortest in the heavy-stable group for both genders. Correspo","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 5","pages":"Pages 758-766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Guidelines for Nutrition in Peritoneal Dialysis","authors":"Giacomo Garibotto MD, Elisa Russo MD, Haewook Han PhD, RDN, Linda W. Moore PhD, RDN","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 5","pages":"Pages 651-653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the Number of Meals Containing at Least 20 or 30 Grams of Protein and Muscle Mass, Strength, and Functional Capacity in Kidney Transplant Patients","authors":"Aline S. dos Reis, Larissa S. Limirio, Heitor O. Santos, Erick P. de Oliveira","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To associate the number of meals containing at least 20 or 30 g of protein with muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity in kidney transplant patients (KTPs) and to evaluate whether these associations vary across different age groups.</div></div><div>To associate the number of meals containing at least 20 or 30 g of protein with muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity in kidney transplant patients (KTPs) and to evaluate whether these associations vary across different age groups.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 123 KTPs. Protein intake per meal was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated via bioimpedance, and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was calculated. Muscle strength was assessed through handgrip strength and the five-times sit-to-stand test. Functional capacity was evaluated using the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and the 4-m walking test. Subanalyses were performed according to age groups (≥ 50 and < 50 years).</div></div><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 123 KTPs. Protein intake per meal was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated via bioimpedance, and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was calculated. Muscle strength was assessed through handgrip strength and the five-times sit-to-stand test. Functional capacity was evaluated using the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and the 4-m walking test. Subanalyses were performed according to age groups (≥ 50 and < 50 years).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the total sample and among younger individuals, no associations were observed between the number of meals containing 20 or 30 g of protein and muscle mass, strength, or functional capacity. However, among older individuals, the number of meals containing at least 30 g of protein was negatively associated with the time to complete the five-times sit-to-stand test (Beta = −0.446; <em>P</em> = .023) and positively associated with the SPPB score (Beta = 0.421; <em>P</em> = .037). In contrast, the number of meals containing at least 20 g of protein showed no significant associations with these parameters in older individuals.</div></div><div>In the total sample and among younger individuals, no associations were observed between the number of meals containing 20 or 30 g of protein and muscle mass, strength, or functional capacity. However, among older individuals, the number of meals containing at least 30 g of protein was negatively associated with the time to complete the five-times sit-to-stand test (Beta = −0.446; <em>P</em> = .023) and positively associated with the SPPB score (Beta = 0.421; <em>P</em> = .037). In contrast, the number of meals containing at least 20 g of protein showed no significant associations with these parameters in older individuals.</div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The nu","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 5","pages":"Pages 714-724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Approaches to Predict 24-Hour Urine Collection Results Based on Self-Reported Beverage Intake","authors":"Shiyu Li PhD, Necole Streeper MD, Nilàm Ram PhD, Jamie Zoellner PhD, Kristina Penniston PhD, David E. Conroy PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Repeated 24-hour urine (24HU) collections are used to evaluate risk factors for recurrence of kidney stones but are costly and burdensome. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models to predict 24HU volume from patients’ self-reported beverage intake and classify compliance with guidelines for preventing kidney stone recurrence.</div></div><div>Repeated 24-hour urine (24HU) collections are used to evaluate risk factors for recurrence of kidney stones but are costly and burdensome. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models to predict 24HU volume from patients’ self-reported beverage intake and classify compliance with guidelines for preventing kidney stone recurrence.</div><div><h3>Design and Methods</h3><div>Data were extracted from 2 clinical trials: trial 1 (development dataset: n = 380) and trial 2 (validation dataset: n = 142). Regression models (linear regression, regression trees, random forest, and support vector machine) were trained to predict continuous 24HU volume, while classification models (logistic regression, classification trees, random forest, and support vector machine) were trained to predict low urine volume (<2 L).</div></div><div>Data were extracted from 2 clinical trials: trial 1 (development dataset: n = 380) and trial 2 (validation dataset: n = 142). Regression models (linear regression, regression trees, random forest, and support vector machine) were trained to predict continuous 24HU volume, while classification models (logistic regression, classification trees, random forest, and support vector machine) were trained to predict low urine volume (<2 L).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No differences were found between the development and validation datasets on demographic characteristics, 24HU volume, or self-reported beverage intake. Random forest model performed the best in predicting 24HU volume on both training and external validation datasets. Random forest also excelled at predicting high urine output in the development dataset but with overfitting risks. All classification models had high negative predictive values, reliably identifying individuals with low urine volume.</div></div><div>No differences were found between the development and validation datasets on demographic characteristics, 24HU volume, or self-reported beverage intake. Random forest model performed the best in predicting 24HU volume on both training and external validation datasets. Random forest also excelled at predicting high urine output in the development dataset but with overfitting risks. All classification models had high negative predictive values, reliably identifying individuals with low urine volume.</div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Machine learning models based on self-reported beverage intake and demographic characteristics can predict 24HU volume in kidney stone patients. They reliably identified patients with ≥2 L/day urine output but perform poorly f","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 5","pages":"Pages 730-738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147495001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline and Longitudinal Metabolic Vulnerability Index and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease Among Adults With Dysglycemia","authors":"Dan Chen MD, Jinsheng Mai MD, Ziliang Ye MD, Yanjun Zhang MD, Sisi Yang MD, Xiaoqin Gan MD, Yu Huang MD, Yiting Wu MD, Yiwei Zhang MD, Xianglian Cai MD, Xiaolong Liang MD, Xianhui Qin MD, Yuanyuan Zhang MD","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The metabolic vulnerability index (MVX) is a novel biomarker reflecting inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, yet its relationship with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dysglycemic populations remains unestablished. This study aimed to examine the associations of baseline and longitudinal MVX with incident CKD in people with dysglycemia.</div></div><div>The metabolic vulnerability index (MVX) is a novel biomarker reflecting inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, yet its relationship with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dysglycemic populations remains unestablished. This study aimed to examine the associations of baseline and longitudinal MVX with incident CKD in people with dysglycemia.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective analysis included 50,202 UK Biobank participants with prediabetes or diabetes. MVX was calculated from six nuclear magnetic resonance–based biomarkers: glycoprotein acetyls, small high-density lipoprotein, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and citrate concentrations. Incident CKD was ascertained through health records (International Classification of Diseases-9: 2503; International Classification of Diseases-10: E10.2, E11.2, E13.2, E14.2, N18). Cox models assessed associations between MVX (as continuous, categorical, and longitudinal change) and incident CKD.</div></div><div>This prospective analysis included 50,202 UK Biobank participants with prediabetes or diabetes. MVX was calculated from six nuclear magnetic resonance–based biomarkers: glycoprotein acetyls, small high-density lipoprotein, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and citrate concentrations. Incident CKD was ascertained through health records (International Classification of Diseases-9: 2503; International Classification of Diseases-10: E10.2, E11.2, E13.2, E14.2, N18). Cox models assessed associations between MVX (as continuous, categorical, and longitudinal change) and incident CKD.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median 13.4-year follow-up, 5,374 incident CKD cases occurred. Each standard deviation increase in baseline MVX was associated with a 11% higher CKD risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.14). These associations were more pronounced in women and in participants with lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (both <em>P</em>-interaction <0.05). In a longitudinal sub-cohort (n = 2,444), each standard deviation increase in MVX over time was associated with a 21% higher CKD risk (adjusted HR, 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.40). Participants with increasing or persistently high MVX levels had a 44% increased CKD risk (adjusted HR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01-2.05) compared to those with stable low levels.</div></div><div>During a median 13.4-year follow-up, 5,374 incident CKD cases occurred. Each standard deviation increase in baseline MVX was associated with a 11% higher CKD risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.14). These associations were mor","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 5","pages":"Pages 739-747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Higher Renal Net Acid, but Not Higher Phosphate Excretion During Growth Associates With Lower Adult Circulating Uromodulin”","authors":"Prashant Ramdas Kokiwar, Ranjana Roy, Archana Dhyani","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 5","pages":"Pages 817-818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor: Assessment of Nutritional Intake in Patients With Kidney Failure Treated by Hemodialysis on Dialysis and Nondialysis Days","authors":"Haalah Shaaker, Andrew Davenport","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 4","pages":"Pages 644-645"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Incidence, and Associated Factors of Possible Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Luchen He MD,&nbsp;Yujuan Zheng MD,&nbsp;Liyang Chang MD","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Possible sarcopenia refers to low muscle strength with or without reduced physical performance and is considered a sentinel stage of sarcopenia. Few studies have focused on possible sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and incidence of possible sarcopenia in patients undergoing MHD and analyzed its associated factors to provide evidence for early identification and intervention in the prevention of sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study collected demographic and laboratory parameters, dietary and nutritional status, and physical activity level (PAL) at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Possible sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 Consensus, with assessments conducted at baseline and 1 year later. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify independent factors associated with the incidence of possible sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 346 patients undergoing MHD were included, of whom 293 completed the 1-year follow-up (women, 39.5%; mean age, 53.57 ± 12.43 years). The prevalence of possible sarcopenia at baseline was 50.0% (173 of 346), and the incidence after 1 year was 29.1% (43 of 148). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that possible sarcopenia was independently associated with age (OR = 1.071; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.023-1.122; <em>P</em> = .004), Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment score (OR = 1.336; 95% CI = 1.020-1.749; <em>P</em> = .035), PAL (OR = 0.208; 95% CI = 0.071-0.605; <em>P</em> = .004), and phase angle (OR = 0.432; 95% CI = 0.241-0.775; <em>P</em> = .005).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The prevalence and incidence of possible sarcopenia are high among patients undergoing MHD. Older age, higher Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment score, lower PAL, and lower phase angle were associated with an increased risk of possible sarcopenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 4","pages":"Pages 631-640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Whey and Soy Protein Supplements on Inflammation in Adults on Chronic Hemodialysis: A Double-blind Randomized Crossover Controlled Study","authors":"Danielle F. Aycart PhD,&nbsp;Sofia Acevedo BS,&nbsp;Olesya Ilkun MD, PhD, FASN,&nbsp;Firouzeh Jazayeri MSPH, RDN, LDN,&nbsp;Juan E. Andrade-Laborde PhD,&nbsp;Jeanette M. Andrade PhD, RDN, LDN, FAND","doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jrn.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Inflammation in adults undergoing hemodialysis (HD) may be mitigated by oral nutrition supplements. This study sought to determine the effects of whey and soy protein oral nutrition supplement administered postdialysis on inflammation in adults on chronic HD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A double-blind randomized crossover controlled trial was conducted with adults on chronic HD (n = 15). Participants were randomized to consume either 135 mL (20 g total protein) of whey protein or soy protein isolate immediately after dialysis for 4 weeks, and then received the other supplement for 4 weeks after a 4-week washout period. Monthly, whole blood was collected to determine high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum albumin. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed-effects model were conducted using R, with significance set at <em>P</em> &lt; .05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On average, participants consumed more whey, 19.3 g ± 1.1 g, compared to soy, 17.3 g ± 3.2 g (<em>P</em> = .02). After accounting for period and sequence, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were 2.1 mg/L lower during the whey period compared with the soy period (<em>P</em> = .04), independent of total supplemental protein consumed. Serum albumin increased significantly when participants received soy first followed by whey (+0.2 ± 0.2 g/dL) compared with the reverse sequence (−0.1 ± 0.2 g/dL; <em>P</em> = .01), indicating a sequence effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Whey and soy protein isolates demonstrated different short-term responses with inflammation. Protein type and sequence may impact inflammation, which should be confirmed with lengthier trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","volume":"36 4","pages":"Pages 540-549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}