Journal of Soil and Water Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Smart control of agricultural water wells in western Iran: Application of the Q-methodology","authors":"S. Gholamrezai, H. Azadi, F. Karamian, E. Khosravi, S. M. Moghaddam, I. Goli, J. Scheffran","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00066","url":null,"abstract":"Smart meters have been promoted around the world as a way to support smart farming, sustainable water resource management, and increased crop productivity. Despite this promotion, farmers, particularly small-scale farmers, are not widely adopting smart meter installation. Therefore, this study employed Q-methodology to examine farmers’ perceptions from Islamabad-e-Gharb township (Kermanshah Province, Iran) toward smart meter installation on agricultural water wells. This research is a semiqualitative study, and for this reason, 21 participants were selected through a purposeful sampling method. Based on the results of Q-factor analysis, farmers’ perceptions toward the installation of the meter were categorized as three heuristic patterns including the utility of smart meter installation (variance = 34%, eigenvalue = 7.08), social and cultural inefficiency of installing smart meters (variance = 32%, eigenvalue = 6.74), and reducing income from agriculture (variance = 4.15%, eigenvalue = 19.76). Installing a smart meter (21: +4), and, indeed, pricing irrigation water are considered as management solutions for sustainable water resources management (2: +3). This number (21: +4) means, for example, people with this item (21) in the first group should pay attention to the water conservation implementation plans. Most farmers had the same opinion regarding the items such as the high cost of providing smart meters and the compulsory change from traditional to mechanized irrigation. Therefore, farmers have a common perception of the sustainable management of water resources and role of smart meters. Despite water scarcity, farmers feel they have no right to demand more water as it would mean less water for others, which would be against the principles of sustainable water management. Identifying these different perceptions can directly affect policy-making in the area of smart meter agricultural water wells. It could create policies for each one, thereby, increasing the impact of extension and reducing costs.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"33 1","pages":"58 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90302028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compost amendment to enhance carbon sequestration in rangelands","authors":"S. Kutos, E. Stricker, A. Cooper, R. Ryals, J. Creque, M. Machmuller, M. Kroegar, W. Silver","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00072","url":null,"abstract":"Rangelands contain 20% of global soil carbon (C). Past management of rangelands has resulted in significant losses of soil C, threatening the long-term productivity and sustainability of these ecosystems. Compost amendments have been proposed as a means to increase soil C sequestration while providing important cobenefits to rangeland ecosystems and land managers. Here, we review the literature on the effects of compost amendments on soil and plant characteristics and rates of soil C storage. We extracted values related to biological, physical, and chemical responses to compost applications in rangelands in eight countries and on five continents. Studies reported both short (<1 y) and long-term (>12 y) effects with compost types derived from green waste, food waste, manure, and biosolids. Generally, we found that compost amendments improved aboveground production by >40%, and belowground C content by 50%. Further benefits of compost additions included increasing aggregate stability (~42%), water retention (~18%), nutrient availability (~37% and 126% for nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P], respectively), as well as generally reducing erosion but with high variability. We found little to no effect of compost amendments on plant diversity and very few studies investigated effects on soil microbial community and function. Both field and modeling studies demonstrated that the changes in soil C from compost amendments can result in long-term C storage. Overall, results suggest that compost amendments may contribute to rangeland resilience to climate change with the additional benefit of climate mitigation via soil C sequestration.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"49 1","pages":"163 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90231058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing cover crop systems for California almonds: Current knowledge and uncertainties","authors":"Vivian M. Wauters, K. Jarvis-Shean, Neal Williams, A. Hodson, B. Hanson, Steven C. Haring, Houston Wilson, A. Westphal, S. Solis, K. Daane, Jeffery Mitchell, A. Gaudin","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.1109A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.1109A","url":null,"abstract":"Almond (Prunus amygdalus) orchard systems are highly productive and widespread in Mediterranean climates and dominate the California agricultural landscape. However, current intensive monocultural bare soil production practices limit the potential to support nonproduction functions (i.e., multifunctionality) and long-term sustainability of the orchard system (Aizen et al. 2019; Fenster et al. 2021). Managing orchards for multifunctional benefits includes maintaining ecologically and economically viable yields while prioritizing water quality, soil health, reduced input use, and support for biodiversity. Recent studies in almond demonstrate that diversification, including planted or spontaneous (resident) vegetation in orchard alleys, can improve multifunctionality by enhancing nonproduction functions in the orchard without reducing crop yield, thereby providing opportunities to enhance sustainability and resilience (Fenster et al. 2021; Morugán-Coronado et al. 2020).","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"8 1","pages":"5A - 11A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78477014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change impacts on soil, water, and biodiversity conservation","authors":"J. Steiner, Xiaomao Lin, N. Cavallaro, G. Basso, G. Sassenrath","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0208A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0208A","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the atmosphere on climate, particularly the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, have been studied and related to Earth’s temperature by physical and climate scientists since the 1800s (Fourier 1824; Arrhenius 1896). However, as industrialization rapidly increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, agriculturalists and conservationists were largely unaware of the link between fossil fuel emissions and warming in the atmosphere. Now, it is increasingly clear that the pace of climate change has been more rapid and societal impacts more severe than scientists projected.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"37 1","pages":"27A - 32A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88338581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vision for integrated, collaborative solutions to critical water and food challenges","authors":"E. Elias, T. Tsegaye, C. Hapeman, K. Mankin, P. Kleinman, M. Cosh, D. Peck, A. Coffin, David Archer, J. Alfieri, Martha Anderson, C. Baffaut, John M. Baker, R. Bingner, D. Bjorneberg, R. Bryant, Feng Gao, Suduan Gao, P. Heilman, K. Knipper, W. Kustas, A. Leytem, Martin Locke, Gregory McCarty, A. McElrone, G. Moglen, D. Moriasi, S. O'Shaughnessy, M. Reba, P. Rice, Noah Silber-Coats, Dong Wang, Michael White, J. Dobrowolski","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.1220A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.1220A","url":null,"abstract":"Emile Elias, Teferi Tsegaye, Cathleen Hapeman, Kyle Mankin, Peter Kleinman, Michael H. Cosh, Dannele Peck, Alisa Coffin, David Archer, Joseph Alfieri, Martha Anderson, Claire Baffaut, John M. Baker, Ronald Bingner, David Bjorneberg, Ray B. Bryant, Feng Gao, Suduan Gao, Philip Heilman, Kyle Knipper, William Kustas, April Leytem, Martin Locke, Gregory McCarty, Andrew J. McElrone, Glenn E. Moglen, Daniel Moriasi, Susan O'Shaughnessy, Michele L. Reba, Pamela Rice, Noah Silber-Coats, Dong Wang, Michael White, and James Dobrowolski A vision for integrated, collaborative solutions to critical water and food challenges","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"39 1","pages":"63A - 68A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86209777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring South Asia’s degraded soils and ecosystems for peace and prosperity","authors":"Rattan Lal","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0327A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0327A","url":null,"abstract":"S outh Asia (SA), a subcontinent, is the world's most densely populated region. It consists of nine countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka (figure 1). Myanmar and Tibet are also sometimes included in the SA region but won’t be included in this article. SA is a region with common geography, history, culture, language, and religions. The SA region has the world’s highest mountain ecosystem, the Himalayas, also called the Third Pole (Chaudhary et al. 2023). It also faces serious challenges of ecological degradation, which transcend beyond political boundaries and jeopardize global peace and political stability. Important among these issues are climate change, food and nutrition insecurity, soil degradation/pollution along with extinct/endangered and peak soils, water scarcity, and eutrophication, which exacerbate the flood-drought syndrome. The latter is aggravated by denudation of the landscape, excessive grazing, and deforestation of ecologically sensitive ecoregions. Additionally, pollution of air quality is aggravated by in-field burning of crop residues and attendant emission of soot and greenhouse gases, which create positive feedbacks to global warming. Ecological degradation in SA, a complex issue, is driven by a wide range of interacting factors, including rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization, rapid deforestation, economic growth, poverty, and a high dependence on natural resources (Sultana et al. 2022; EFSAS 2021; Chaudhary et al. 2023; Ajmal 2023). These degradation processes perpetuate the threats of undernutrition and malnutrition as well as decline in human health and well-being to a large proportion of the population. They also increase risks of political instability, civil strife, soil/climate refugees, and war among nations of the SA region (figure 2). Indeed, soil and ecological degradation is the common enemy of Rattan Lal is a distinguished university professor of soil science and is director of the CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Received March 27, 2023. all countries in SA, and they must cooperate, work together, and effectively address this menace. Thus, the objective of this article is to describe the common and hideous enemy of SA: soil and ecological degradation with its cascading adverse effects leading to human suffering; poverty; environmental pollution; global warming; political instability at local, regional, and global levels; and hostilities among neighboring countries. The specific hypothesis of the article is that restoring degraded soils and the polluted environment is critical to achieving human well-being and accomplishing lasting peace and harmony in SA.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"57 1","pages":"97A - 102A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75351146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and associations between dominant crop productions and water quality in an irrigated watershed","authors":"S.K. Nouwakpo, D.L. Bjorneberg, C.W. Rogers","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00176","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation consumes the largest share of freshwater resources, but is a necessary practice to boost agricultural output to meet increasing global demand for food and fiber. Irrigation not only impacts water quantity but can also degrade water quality. Research efforts have explored various aspects of irrigation efficiency and irrigated crop productivity, but few studies have examined how different crops collectively modulate water utilization and water quality at the watershed scale. The objective of this study was to determine how the fractions of evapotranspiration (fET) water ascribed to major crops impact water quantity and quality in irrigation return flow. In this study, long-term water quantity and quality monitoring data, collected as part of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), combined with crop and evapotranspiration (ET) modeling products, were used to build relationships between water quantity and quality metrics and fET associated with major crops during the first 15 years of the CEAP Twin Falls irrigation project. Results suggest that subwatershed size and subsurface flow contribution in regional drainage tunnels influenced the observed hydrologic patterns and led to two distinct groups. Subwatersheds in group 1 were large, typically included subsurface drain tunnels, and had high return flow volumes and low sediment concentration, while those in group 2 were smaller in size, had low return flow volumes, and high sediment concentration. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that spring and summer irrigation return flow volumes normalized by subwatershed area increased as a function of fET of potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) in group 1 (regression coefficients [coef.] = 4.42 in spring and 1.54 in summer) but were inversely associated with small grains in the fall (coef. = −1.67 and −0.60 in groups 1 and 2). Spring sediment concentration had negative regression coefficients with fET of sugar beet (<i>Beta vulgaris</i>) (coef. = −911.00) and alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) + pasture crops (coef. = −424.85) in group 2. When statistically significant, a negative association was found between phosphorus (P) load per return flow volume and fET of alfalfa + pasture (coef. = −0.68 to −1.07), corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) (coef. = −0.64 to −0.89), dry beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) (coef. = −1.25 to −1.87), and sugar beet (coef. = −1.54 to −2.83) across aggregation periods and subwatershed groups. Nitrate (NO₃-N) load per return flow volume was negatively associated with potato and corn fET in group 1 especially during the spring (coef. = −31.13 for potato and −9.60 for corn) and fall (coef. = −14.54 for potato and −4.43 for corn) months but positively associated with dry beans (coef. = 4.87) over the irrigation season. While direct cause and effect were not established with this analysis, results from this study provide valuable information about various crop production systems that may impact observed hydrologi","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in soil erosion research: A European perspective","authors":"J. Boardman, B. Evans, D. Favis-Mortlock, I. Foster, K. Vandaele","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0223A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0223A","url":null,"abstract":"M any so-called new developments in soil erosion research are in fact “evolutionary” in character— they are built on research foundations established during past decades. We need look no further than Hugh Hammond Bennett’s (1939) Soil Conservation to realize that we stand on the shoulders of giants. However, the significance of concepts such as “connectivity” has changed as perspectives have shifted during the last 50 years, from the experimental plot and field to the catchment (Boardman et al. 2022). Also, increased technical expertise in computing, geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing has certainly opened new possibilities. In this short personal perspective, we aim to review new developments from a European viewpoint. We start by noting that soil erosion research in Europe is firmly rooted in geomorphology, in contrast to the mainly agronomic foundations of North American erosion research.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"14 1","pages":"69A - 74A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74215524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the performances of SALTCALC and LEACHMOD models for simulating the drainage and soil salinity conditions","authors":"Prashant Singh, A. Mishra, Smita Jaiswal, Love Kumar, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00009.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00009.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75999908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinity and acid sulfate soils of the Vietnam Mekong Delta: Agricultural management and adaptation","authors":"L. Morton, N. Nguyen, M. S. Demyan","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0321A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0321A","url":null,"abstract":"O ne of the largest concentrations of acid sulfate soils in the world is found in the Vietnam Mekong River Delta, a large low-lying river plain scarcely above sea level, covering 1.6 million ha (4.0 million ac; figure 1) (van Mensvoort 1996; Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture 1978; Huu et al. 2022). Acid sulfate soils have high concentrations of aluminum (Al), sulfates (SO4 2–), and iron (Fe), and when drained produce sulfuric acid (H2SO4) that reduces soil pH below 4 (van Mensvoort 1996; Huu et al. 2022). These metals accumulate in the topsoil during the tropical dry season and are toxic to plant root growth and development and suppress yields making them some of the most difficult soils in which to grow agricultural crops. Yet, the Vietnam Mekong Delta produces 50% of Vietnam’s rice crop; 95% of rice exports; 65% of aquaculture production; 60% of exported fish; and 70% of the country’s fruit production (Loc et al. 2021). One of the keys to acid sulfate soil productivity is water-soil adaptive management that maintains crop-specific balance between reducing and oxidizing conditions in the plant rootzone at critical vegetative, bloom, and fruit development stages (Hanhart et al. 1997). More than 50 years ago vast areas of this delta were covered permanently by wetlands, brackish lagoons, tidal marshes, and mangrove forests. The prevailing winds of the southwest monsoon season brought predictable continuous heavy rains, a consistent 20-fold increase in Mekong River discharge and extensive prolonged flooding inundating lowlands for months (Adamson et al. 2009; Taylor 2014; Ngan et al. 2018). The monsoon is followed by a dry season when the rains stop and farmers adapt their cropping systems by growing flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in the wet season and digging ditches and canals to drain the floodwater and convey fresh water from the Mekong (Song Tien) Lois Wright Morton is professor emeritus of rural sociology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States. Nghia Khoi Nguyen is associate professor in soil and environmental microbiology, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam. M. Scott Demyan is associate professor of soil and environmental mineralogy, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States. Received March 21, 2023. and Bassac (Song Hau) rivers and their tributaries to their fields for dry season crop irrigation. A changing climate—sea level rise, a stronger and increasingly variable SW monsoon, and more frequent and prolonged drought (Adamson et al. 2009)—in concert with amplified tidal effects and saltwater intrusion reaching 50 to 130 km (31 to 81 mi) upstream into the main rivers since February of 2020 threaten freshwater resources (Loc et al. 2021; World Bank 2022). A growing population, land use decisions, saline soils, loss of mangrove coastal protection, ","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"66 1","pages":"85A - 92A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76287142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}