Journal of Soil and Water Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Influence of poultry litter on nutrient availability and fate in plant-soil systems: A meta-analysis","authors":"Y. Lin, D. Watts, G. Runion","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2022.00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2022.00043","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in using poultry litter (PL) as a nutrient source for crop production has increased in recent years. Utilization of PL can increase soil residual nutrients, thereby potentially increasing soil fertility and crop nutrient uptake. Conversely, PL addition may increase the transport of nutrients to the environment. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of PL on plant nutrient uptake, soil fertility, and environmental issues as compared to commercial fertilizer (CF) using a meta-analytic assessment. The synthesis was based on 134 studies (3,362 comparisons). Positive effects on soil fertility were observed, with PL significantly increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH and soil carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentrations compared to CF. Effects of PL on plant macro- and micronutrients varied depending on the plant tissue parts evaluated when compared to CF, with the leaves and stems generally having lower nutrient concentrations than the reproductive parts. Poultry litter influenced plant nutrient uptake, with a slightly negative effect being observed for N but significant positive effects for P and K. In addition, our results showed that litter application significantly increased carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, but decreased nitric oxide (NO) emission. Subsurface-banding application of PL significantly decreased N and P loss in runoff. Overall, this meta-analysis validates the positive effects of PL on plant nutrient uptake and soil fertility and demonstrates that PL can be an effective alternative nutrient source to CF for crop production.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"1982 1","pages":"230 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90297925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“How can you put a price on the environment?” Farmer perspectives on stewardship and payment for ecosystem services","authors":"A. C. White, J. Faulkner, D. Conner, V. E. Méndez, M. Niles","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2022.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2022.00041","url":null,"abstract":"As agricultural conservation priorities evolve to address new complex social-ecological problems and emerging social priorities, new conservation incentive program participation and success can be enhanced by incorporating local stakeholder preferences into program design. Our research explores how farmers incorporate ecosystem services into management decisions, their willingness to participate in payment for ecosystem services programs, and factors beyond compensation level that would influence participation. We conducted three focus groups with 24 participants between January of 2019 and May of 2019 in Vermont. Our study revealed that a strong, intrinsic stewardship ethic motivates farmers to enhance ecosystem service provisioning from their farms, though financial pressures often limit decision-making. These results suggest that programs with sufficient levels of payment may attract participation, at least among some types of farmers, to enhance ecosystem services from farms in Vermont. However, farmers may be deterred from participating by perceived unfairness and distrust of the government based on previous experiences with regulations and conservation incentive structures. Farmers also expressed distrust of information about ecosystem services supply that conflicts with their perceptions of agroecosystem functioning, unless delivered by trusted individuals from the extension system. The delivery of context-specific information on how management changes impact ecosystem service performance from trusted sources could enhance farmers’ decisions, and would aptly complement payments. Additionally, farmers expressed a desire to see a program that both achieves additionality and rewards farms who have been stewards, goals that are potentially at odds. Our findings offer important insights for policy makers and program administrators who need to understand factors that will influence farmers’ willingness to participate in payment for ecosystem service programs and other conservation practice adoption initiatives, in Vermont and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"23 1","pages":"270 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82504587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Headcut erosion characteristics revealed through simulated rainfall and scouring experiments in the gully region of the Loess Plateau","authors":"Q. Shi, W. Wang, M. Guo","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2022.00152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2022.00152","url":null,"abstract":"Headcut erosion is the main sediment source that may cause severe damage to the ecological environment and agricultural production. The study of headcut erosion characteristics, such as gully headcut morphological evolution and sediment particle transport processes, is essential for understanding the mechanism of gully erosion. A series of simulated rainfall combined scouring experiments with constant rainfall intensity (0.8 mm min–1) and variable flow discharge (3.6, 4.8, 6.0, and 7.2 m3 h–1) were conducted to illustrate the headcut erosion process in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that gully width and gully depth increased as time and flow discharge increased. The headcut retreat length increased exponentially with experiment time. The gully head heights decreased by 10, 13, 21, and 26 cm at different flow discharges after 180 min. The contents of clay and silt in eroded sediment particles decreased by 7.97% to 16.59% and 7.98% to 15.34%, respectively, whereas the sand volume fraction increased by 9.33% to 20.04% compared to that of the original soil. The enrichment rates of clay and silt sediment were 0.83 to 0.92 and 0.85 to 0.92, while the enrichment rate of sand sediment was 1.09 under different flow discharges. The critical particle size was 0.0326 mm. The fractal dimension of the eroded sediment particles was 2.61 to 2.67 and showed good agreement with the clay volume fraction, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.93. These results provide a basis for headcut erosion model establishment, ecological management, and soil and water conservation in the gully region of the Loess Plateau.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"101 1","pages":"172 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85889983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating behavioral heterogeneity in watershed models: A systematic review of fertilizer use in SWAT studies","authors":"L. Arrueta, D. Jackson‐Smith, M. Kalcic","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2022.00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2022.00055","url":null,"abstract":"Nonpoint source pollution is the primary cause of reduced water quality in the United States. This pollution results primarily from fertilizer and manure application in farmland. One of the hydrological models most widely used to predict the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on nutrient loadings is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). While important advances have been made to improve the representation of biophysical processes within SWAT, modelers often fail to capture the complexity of human land management behaviors. Meanwhile, decades of social science research have demonstrated that farmers are not a homogeneous group, but rather exhibit complex and diverse behaviors. In this paper we present a systematic review of recently published papers that use SWAT to document how the modeling community typically represents fertilizer application behaviors. We compare these representations with findings from recent farmer surveys that captured information about fertilizer application rates. We found that most SWAT model applications assume that farmer field management behaviors are relatively homogeneous (e.g., all farmers behave in the same way), and that farmers generally apply fertilizer using rational agronomic or economic criteria. These simplifying assumptions conflict with the reality of farmers’ fertilizer behavior. Farmer surveys in Minnesota and Ohio show considerable variability in N and P fertilizer application rates on corn (Zea mays L.) fields following soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). The disconnect between SWAT modeling approaches and results of farmer surveys point to opportunities to better represent the heterogeneity of farmers’ fertilizer behavior in SWAT and other hydrologic models, which could improve our ability to link changes in land use and management to water quality and increase the effectiveness of conservation program interventions.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"210 1","pages":"249 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76577173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to cover crop adoption: Evidence from parallel surveys in Maryland and Ohio","authors":"J. Duke, R. Johnston, A. Shober, Z. Liu","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2022.00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2022.00062","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates perceived barriers to cover crop adoption, using data from an original survey of farmers in two US states. Barriers are compared in a high adoption state (Maryland) and a more typical adoption state (Ohio). Although 25.5% in Maryland and 22.3% in Ohio reported no barriers, the remainder reported at least one barrier. Financial barriers are most frequently cited (investment return, seed cost, labor cost, and equipment needs), while barriers related to education and information are mentioned less frequently (doubts on cover crop importance, knowledge issues, and risk). Multivariate probit regressions explain how farm characteristics and cover crop information sources influence these barriers, while allowing perceived adoption barriers to be related in unobservable yet systematic ways. Results show that these effects differ systematically across states. For example, barriers related to investment return are more commonly cited by large-acreage farmers in Ohio who use conservation or conventional tillage, relative to no-till. Contrasting results are found in Maryland, where there is no acreage pattern and the use of no-till increases concern about investment return. The findings on the importance of financial barriers suggest the importance of cost-share in encouraging adoption, access to which should be emphasized in educational programming. If educators believe farmers’ perceptions of financial barriers do not match scientific results—say because farmers’ financial fears are myopic—then the design and targeting of educational materials such as enterprise budgets may allay financial concerns.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"12 1","pages":"198 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84552749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-morphological characteristics in relation to soil conservation planning of Hathamati watershed","authors":"Paras Hirapara, M. Gaur, G. R. Patel, M. Tiwari, M. M. Trivedi","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2022.00030.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2022.00030.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88589106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canal irrigation system rehabilitation and impact assessment","authors":"M. K. Chauhan, S. Ram","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2022.00055.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2022.00055.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89018456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The changing pattern of rainfall erosivity and its impact on sediment load in the Loess Plateau, China: A case study of a typical watershed","authors":"L. Jia, K. Yu, Z. Li, P. Li, G. Xu, Y. Cheng, Kecheng Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Yang","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2022.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2022.00034","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread occurrence of soil erosion reflects the accelerated deterioration of the surface ecological environment. The spatiotemporal variation of rainfall erosivity is the key driving factor for soil erosion by water, especially in the Loess Plateau in China. The Fenhe River basin in the Loess Plateau was selected as a case study based on the daily rainfall data from 1962 to 2019. Using a rainfall erosivity model based the daily rainfall, we studied the changing pattern. Furthermore, the impact of rainfall erosivity on sediment load was evaluated, and the possible causes for changes in sediment load were discussed. The results showed that the annual rainfall erosivity of the 12 weather stations experienced an insignificant change (p > 0.05). Moreover, before the 1980s, the decrease in annual watershed average rainfall erosivity may be the main reason for the decrease in annual sediment load, while after the 1980s, the construction of check dams may be the main factor leading to annual sediment load reduction, especially around 1993. However, the increase of vegetation was a main reason for the reduction of annual sediment load after 1999. Given Fenhe River basin as a typical watershed of the Loess Plateau, the study of rainfall erosivity and its impacts on the sediment in this area can provide a useful reference for further ecological construction and soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"32 8","pages":"528 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72406593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Way more than a donut and a PowerPoint”: Women agricultural landowner learning circles and conservation outreach","authors":"E. Fairchild, P. Petrzelka, M. Briggs-Ott, J. Filipiak, A. Brucker","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2022.02139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2022.02139","url":null,"abstract":"Women’s conservation learning circles were designed to address the barriers facing women agricultural landowners and have been shown to benefit these landowners in multiple ways. However, how the resource professionals involved in the learning circle outreach method view the method is as of yet unknown. We use interview data from 35 resource professionals, including those from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and soil and water conservation districts (SWCDs) to gain insight on their views of the learning circle outreach method. Our findings reveal that resource professionals believe these meetings were successful in multiple ways: by engaging women landowners in conservation topics, providing contacts for resource professionals and agency visits, and as a catalyst for conservation implementation. Our findings also reveal what these resource professionals liked most and what they believe could be improved with the meetings.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"27 1","pages":"619 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87069784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meteorological drought quantification using standardized precipitation index for Gulmarg area of Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Tabasum Akhter, B. A. Pandit, Dinesh Kr. Vishwakarma, Rohitash Kumar, Rajat Mishra, Munjid Maryam","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2022.00033.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2022.00033.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87210733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}