Journal of Soil and Water Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Deriving inputs for environmental conservation in using various N carriers for rice in rice-wheat cropping system","authors":"Ajeet Kumar, A. Kohli, S. Dutta, Y. Singh, Mahendra Singh, M. Ghosh, S.K. Gupta","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00013.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90565873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil health through farmers’ eyes: Toward a better understanding of how farmers view, value, and manage for healthier soils","authors":"R. Irvine, M. Houser, S. Marquart-Pyatt, G. Bogar, L. Bolin, E. Browning, S. E. Evans, M. M. Howard, J. Lau, J. Lennon","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00058","url":null,"abstract":"Improved soil health (SH) is critical in achieving agricultural resilience and mitigating climate risks. Whether SH management practices are widely used depends greatly on US farmers’ voluntary decision-making. Toward understanding this point, much research has addressed factors that contribute to the adoption (or lack thereof) of SH-promoting practices, but less is known in terms of farmers’ perceptions of SH itself and the corresponding management practices they see as related to achieving SH. To offer introductory insight on this knowledge gap and support better buy-in from farmers toward positive SH outcomes, our research draws upon qualitative interviews with 91 farmers across three key agricultural states in the Midwest (Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan). We develop a more detailed understanding of farmers’ views on SH, and why and how they manage for it. Nearly all interviewed farmers were familiar with the concept of SH and most viewed it favorably. A minority of farmers lacked familiarity with the term “SH” yet still managed for it. Skeptics of SH largely cited uncertainties related to over-zealous messaging by proponents of SH or lack of evidence for the return on investment of SH practices. Overall, farmers’ perceptions of SH largely aligned with the scientific community’s understanding of soils being a dynamic system, though farmers most dominantly defined SH by its biological component. Farmers perceived a host of benefits of SH, most often noting benefits to production, followed by improvements in physical aspects of the soil such as erosion control and increased organic matter. Notably, production and sustainability benefits were often cited together, suggesting that SH management is increasingly seen as a “win-win” by farmers. Additionally, we found that many farmers view themselves as active participants in SH outcomes and believe their management choices are indicators of positive SH outcomes, regardless of the practices they employ, including some strategies (such as tillage or tile drainage) that do not align with scientifically documented approaches to improving SH. Our findings show that farmers report engaging in an array of SH management practices that target both biotic and abiotic components of soils, and often use multiple practices in tandem to promote SH on their farms. Achieving better SH in agricultural production in the future will require engaging farmers in SH management by tailoring outreach and communication strategies to align with the perspectives and language farmers themselves use to conceptualize SH.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73577002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of cover crops in Pennsylvania’s Chesapeake Bay watershed","authors":"S. Duiker, S. Richards","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00080","url":null,"abstract":"Cover cropping is considered a very cost-effective practice to reduce losses of nitrogen (N) from cropland to surface waters, as well as mobile nutrients in the soil profile prone to being lost to ground water sources. Cover crops are an important component of states’ commitment to improve water quality in the Chesapeake Bay. Since 2016, annual cover crop transect surveys have been performed in Pennsylvania’s Chesapeake Bay watershed. The surveys show that cover crops were used on 39% of the annual crop area in the period 2016 to 2021, much higher than average cover crop use in the United States (5%). About two-thirds of the cover crop area is “commodity cover crops” that are harvested (which included both grain and forage harvesting in the surveys), while the other one-third is “traditional cover crops” that are not harvested. It appears that high cover crop adoption in Pennsylvania without generous subsidy payments is due in great part to their use for forage. However, at the moment, commodity cover crops receive no credit for pollutant reduction in the Chesapeake Bay Model if fall nutrients are applied, which means approximately two-thirds of cover crop implementation in Pennsylvania does not count toward nutrient pollution reduction to the Chesapeake Bay. Further, transect surveys are not considered a valid (or only partial) method of practice implementation and the present results are therefore not included when determining if states meet Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) limits. Considering their importance, the contribution of commodity cover crops to nutrient and sediment loss reduction from cropland needs to be better understood. Specifically, our study revealed the need to (1) clarify in Chesapeake Bay Model documentation that commodity cover crops include those harvested for forage besides those harvested for grain; (2) develop a tracking mechanism so that nutrient reduction credit from commodity cover crops can be recognized in the Chesapeake Bay Model; and (3) to review whether the lower N reduction credit from commodity cover crops than for traditional cover crops and lower credit for early planting are justified.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84877167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing cover crop systems for California almonds: Current knowledge and uncertainties","authors":"Vivian M. Wauters, K. Jarvis-Shean, Neal Williams, A. Hodson, B. Hanson, Steven C. Haring, Houston Wilson, A. Westphal, S. Solis, K. Daane, Jeffery Mitchell, A. Gaudin","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.1109A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.1109A","url":null,"abstract":"Almond (Prunus amygdalus) orchard systems are highly productive and widespread in Mediterranean climates and dominate the California agricultural landscape. However, current intensive monocultural bare soil production practices limit the potential to support nonproduction functions (i.e., multifunctionality) and long-term sustainability of the orchard system (Aizen et al. 2019; Fenster et al. 2021). Managing orchards for multifunctional benefits includes maintaining ecologically and economically viable yields while prioritizing water quality, soil health, reduced input use, and support for biodiversity. Recent studies in almond demonstrate that diversification, including planted or spontaneous (resident) vegetation in orchard alleys, can improve multifunctionality by enhancing nonproduction functions in the orchard without reducing crop yield, thereby providing opportunities to enhance sustainability and resilience (Fenster et al. 2021; Morugán-Coronado et al. 2020).","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78477014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change impacts on soil, water, and biodiversity conservation","authors":"J. Steiner, Xiaomao Lin, N. Cavallaro, G. Basso, G. Sassenrath","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0208A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0208A","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the atmosphere on climate, particularly the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, have been studied and related to Earth’s temperature by physical and climate scientists since the 1800s (Fourier 1824; Arrhenius 1896). However, as industrialization rapidly increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, agriculturalists and conservationists were largely unaware of the link between fossil fuel emissions and warming in the atmosphere. Now, it is increasingly clear that the pace of climate change has been more rapid and societal impacts more severe than scientists projected.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88338581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in feed additives with the potential to mitigate enteric methane emissions from ruminant livestock","authors":"L. Kelly, E. Kebreab","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00070","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock production represents a significant (14.5%) source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A large share of the emissions from livestock production is due to enteric fermentation from ruminants, which produces methane (CH4), a potent GHG. Nevertheless, livestock production remains essential for nutrition, sustainability, and food security globally. In addition to atmospheric effects, CH4 emissions represent a direct loss of dietary energy from the animal. It is, therefore, imperative that solutions are developed and implemented to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants. Methane is produced as a result of feed fermentation in the rumen, as carbohydrates are broken down to form energy in the form of volatile fatty acids, and carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) are produced as byproducts. Carbon dioxide and H2 are then utilized by methanogenic archaea to form CH4 via the hydrogenotrophic pathway. One proposed solution for mitigating enteric CH4 emissions are feed additives. Feed additives have the potential to decrease CH4 emissions while sustaining animal production parameters, the latter a necessary condition for incorporation as a regular part of the diet. To decrease CH4 emissions, feed additives can either directly or indirectly inhibit methanogenic archaea. Additives that directly inhibit methanogenesis include 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP) and halogenated CH4 analogs that naturally occur in some species of macroalgae. These additives work by interfering with the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of the methanogenesis pathway. Both 3NOP and halogenated CH4 analogs show great potential, demonstrating up to a 76% and 98% reduction in CH4 yield (g kg−1 dry matter intake), respectively. Nitrates (NO3−), ionophores, plant secondary compounds, and direct fed microbials are all feed additives that indirectly inhibit methanogenesis by altering the rumen environment, primarily through the reduction in substrate availability for methanogenic archaea. These additives, however, show more variability in their CH4 reduction potential (with the exception of NO3−) due to inconsistencies in composition. In order to present the most promising and immediate solutions to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions it is necessary to focus on recent advancements as feed additive research is rapidly evolving. Thus, this analysis aims to review feed additives with the potential to reduce enteric CH4 emissions that have been studied in vivo from 2018 to 2022.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87750322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compost amendment to enhance carbon sequestration in rangelands","authors":"S. Kutos, E. Stricker, A. Cooper, R. Ryals, J. Creque, M. Machmuller, M. Kroegar, W. Silver","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00072","url":null,"abstract":"Rangelands contain 20% of global soil carbon (C). Past management of rangelands has resulted in significant losses of soil C, threatening the long-term productivity and sustainability of these ecosystems. Compost amendments have been proposed as a means to increase soil C sequestration while providing important cobenefits to rangeland ecosystems and land managers. Here, we review the literature on the effects of compost amendments on soil and plant characteristics and rates of soil C storage. We extracted values related to biological, physical, and chemical responses to compost applications in rangelands in eight countries and on five continents. Studies reported both short (<1 y) and long-term (>12 y) effects with compost types derived from green waste, food waste, manure, and biosolids. Generally, we found that compost amendments improved aboveground production by >40%, and belowground C content by 50%. Further benefits of compost additions included increasing aggregate stability (~42%), water retention (~18%), nutrient availability (~37% and 126% for nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P], respectively), as well as generally reducing erosion but with high variability. We found little to no effect of compost amendments on plant diversity and very few studies investigated effects on soil microbial community and function. Both field and modeling studies demonstrated that the changes in soil C from compost amendments can result in long-term C storage. Overall, results suggest that compost amendments may contribute to rangeland resilience to climate change with the additional benefit of climate mitigation via soil C sequestration.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90231058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart control of agricultural water wells in western Iran: Application of the Q-methodology","authors":"S. Gholamrezai, H. Azadi, F. Karamian, E. Khosravi, S. M. Moghaddam, I. Goli, J. Scheffran","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00066","url":null,"abstract":"Smart meters have been promoted around the world as a way to support smart farming, sustainable water resource management, and increased crop productivity. Despite this promotion, farmers, particularly small-scale farmers, are not widely adopting smart meter installation. Therefore, this study employed Q-methodology to examine farmers’ perceptions from Islamabad-e-Gharb township (Kermanshah Province, Iran) toward smart meter installation on agricultural water wells. This research is a semiqualitative study, and for this reason, 21 participants were selected through a purposeful sampling method. Based on the results of Q-factor analysis, farmers’ perceptions toward the installation of the meter were categorized as three heuristic patterns including the utility of smart meter installation (variance = 34%, eigenvalue = 7.08), social and cultural inefficiency of installing smart meters (variance = 32%, eigenvalue = 6.74), and reducing income from agriculture (variance = 4.15%, eigenvalue = 19.76). Installing a smart meter (21: +4), and, indeed, pricing irrigation water are considered as management solutions for sustainable water resources management (2: +3). This number (21: +4) means, for example, people with this item (21) in the first group should pay attention to the water conservation implementation plans. Most farmers had the same opinion regarding the items such as the high cost of providing smart meters and the compulsory change from traditional to mechanized irrigation. Therefore, farmers have a common perception of the sustainable management of water resources and role of smart meters. Despite water scarcity, farmers feel they have no right to demand more water as it would mean less water for others, which would be against the principles of sustainable water management. Identifying these different perceptions can directly affect policy-making in the area of smart meter agricultural water wells. It could create policies for each one, thereby, increasing the impact of extension and reducing costs.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90302028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vision for integrated, collaborative solutions to critical water and food challenges","authors":"E. Elias, T. Tsegaye, C. Hapeman, K. Mankin, P. Kleinman, M. Cosh, D. Peck, A. Coffin, David Archer, J. Alfieri, Martha Anderson, C. Baffaut, John M. Baker, R. Bingner, D. Bjorneberg, R. Bryant, Feng Gao, Suduan Gao, P. Heilman, K. Knipper, W. Kustas, A. Leytem, Martin Locke, Gregory McCarty, A. McElrone, G. Moglen, D. Moriasi, S. O'Shaughnessy, M. Reba, P. Rice, Noah Silber-Coats, Dong Wang, Michael White, J. Dobrowolski","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.1220A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.1220A","url":null,"abstract":"Emile Elias, Teferi Tsegaye, Cathleen Hapeman, Kyle Mankin, Peter Kleinman, Michael H. Cosh, Dannele Peck, Alisa Coffin, David Archer, Joseph Alfieri, Martha Anderson, Claire Baffaut, John M. Baker, Ronald Bingner, David Bjorneberg, Ray B. Bryant, Feng Gao, Suduan Gao, Philip Heilman, Kyle Knipper, William Kustas, April Leytem, Martin Locke, Gregory McCarty, Andrew J. McElrone, Glenn E. Moglen, Daniel Moriasi, Susan O'Shaughnessy, Michele L. Reba, Pamela Rice, Noah Silber-Coats, Dong Wang, Michael White, and James Dobrowolski A vision for integrated, collaborative solutions to critical water and food challenges","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86209777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring South Asia’s degraded soils and ecosystems for peace and prosperity","authors":"Rattan Lal","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0327A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0327A","url":null,"abstract":"S outh Asia (SA), a subcontinent, is the world's most densely populated region. It consists of nine countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka (figure 1). Myanmar and Tibet are also sometimes included in the SA region but won’t be included in this article. SA is a region with common geography, history, culture, language, and religions. The SA region has the world’s highest mountain ecosystem, the Himalayas, also called the Third Pole (Chaudhary et al. 2023). It also faces serious challenges of ecological degradation, which transcend beyond political boundaries and jeopardize global peace and political stability. Important among these issues are climate change, food and nutrition insecurity, soil degradation/pollution along with extinct/endangered and peak soils, water scarcity, and eutrophication, which exacerbate the flood-drought syndrome. The latter is aggravated by denudation of the landscape, excessive grazing, and deforestation of ecologically sensitive ecoregions. Additionally, pollution of air quality is aggravated by in-field burning of crop residues and attendant emission of soot and greenhouse gases, which create positive feedbacks to global warming. Ecological degradation in SA, a complex issue, is driven by a wide range of interacting factors, including rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization, rapid deforestation, economic growth, poverty, and a high dependence on natural resources (Sultana et al. 2022; EFSAS 2021; Chaudhary et al. 2023; Ajmal 2023). These degradation processes perpetuate the threats of undernutrition and malnutrition as well as decline in human health and well-being to a large proportion of the population. They also increase risks of political instability, civil strife, soil/climate refugees, and war among nations of the SA region (figure 2). Indeed, soil and ecological degradation is the common enemy of Rattan Lal is a distinguished university professor of soil science and is director of the CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Received March 27, 2023. all countries in SA, and they must cooperate, work together, and effectively address this menace. Thus, the objective of this article is to describe the common and hideous enemy of SA: soil and ecological degradation with its cascading adverse effects leading to human suffering; poverty; environmental pollution; global warming; political instability at local, regional, and global levels; and hostilities among neighboring countries. The specific hypothesis of the article is that restoring degraded soils and the polluted environment is critical to achieving human well-being and accomplishing lasting peace and harmony in SA.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75351146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}