Journal of Soil and Water Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Patterns and associations between dominant crop productions and water quality in an irrigated watershed","authors":"S.K. Nouwakpo, D.L. Bjorneberg, C.W. Rogers","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00176","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation consumes the largest share of freshwater resources, but is a necessary practice to boost agricultural output to meet increasing global demand for food and fiber. Irrigation not only impacts water quantity but can also degrade water quality. Research efforts have explored various aspects of irrigation efficiency and irrigated crop productivity, but few studies have examined how different crops collectively modulate water utilization and water quality at the watershed scale. The objective of this study was to determine how the fractions of evapotranspiration (fET) water ascribed to major crops impact water quantity and quality in irrigation return flow. In this study, long-term water quantity and quality monitoring data, collected as part of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), combined with crop and evapotranspiration (ET) modeling products, were used to build relationships between water quantity and quality metrics and fET associated with major crops during the first 15 years of the CEAP Twin Falls irrigation project. Results suggest that subwatershed size and subsurface flow contribution in regional drainage tunnels influenced the observed hydrologic patterns and led to two distinct groups. Subwatersheds in group 1 were large, typically included subsurface drain tunnels, and had high return flow volumes and low sediment concentration, while those in group 2 were smaller in size, had low return flow volumes, and high sediment concentration. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that spring and summer irrigation return flow volumes normalized by subwatershed area increased as a function of fET of potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) in group 1 (regression coefficients [coef.] = 4.42 in spring and 1.54 in summer) but were inversely associated with small grains in the fall (coef. = −1.67 and −0.60 in groups 1 and 2). Spring sediment concentration had negative regression coefficients with fET of sugar beet (<i>Beta vulgaris</i>) (coef. = −911.00) and alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>) + pasture crops (coef. = −424.85) in group 2. When statistically significant, a negative association was found between phosphorus (P) load per return flow volume and fET of alfalfa + pasture (coef. = −0.68 to −1.07), corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) (coef. = −0.64 to −0.89), dry beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) (coef. = −1.25 to −1.87), and sugar beet (coef. = −1.54 to −2.83) across aggregation periods and subwatershed groups. Nitrate (NO₃-N) load per return flow volume was negatively associated with potato and corn fET in group 1 especially during the spring (coef. = −31.13 for potato and −9.60 for corn) and fall (coef. = −14.54 for potato and −4.43 for corn) months but positively associated with dry beans (coef. = 4.87) over the irrigation season. While direct cause and effect were not established with this analysis, results from this study provide valuable information about various crop production systems that may impact observed hydrologi","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinity and acid sulfate soils of the Vietnam Mekong Delta: Agricultural management and adaptation","authors":"L. Morton, N. Nguyen, M. S. Demyan","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0321A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0321A","url":null,"abstract":"O ne of the largest concentrations of acid sulfate soils in the world is found in the Vietnam Mekong River Delta, a large low-lying river plain scarcely above sea level, covering 1.6 million ha (4.0 million ac; figure 1) (van Mensvoort 1996; Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture 1978; Huu et al. 2022). Acid sulfate soils have high concentrations of aluminum (Al), sulfates (SO4 2–), and iron (Fe), and when drained produce sulfuric acid (H2SO4) that reduces soil pH below 4 (van Mensvoort 1996; Huu et al. 2022). These metals accumulate in the topsoil during the tropical dry season and are toxic to plant root growth and development and suppress yields making them some of the most difficult soils in which to grow agricultural crops. Yet, the Vietnam Mekong Delta produces 50% of Vietnam’s rice crop; 95% of rice exports; 65% of aquaculture production; 60% of exported fish; and 70% of the country’s fruit production (Loc et al. 2021). One of the keys to acid sulfate soil productivity is water-soil adaptive management that maintains crop-specific balance between reducing and oxidizing conditions in the plant rootzone at critical vegetative, bloom, and fruit development stages (Hanhart et al. 1997). More than 50 years ago vast areas of this delta were covered permanently by wetlands, brackish lagoons, tidal marshes, and mangrove forests. The prevailing winds of the southwest monsoon season brought predictable continuous heavy rains, a consistent 20-fold increase in Mekong River discharge and extensive prolonged flooding inundating lowlands for months (Adamson et al. 2009; Taylor 2014; Ngan et al. 2018). The monsoon is followed by a dry season when the rains stop and farmers adapt their cropping systems by growing flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in the wet season and digging ditches and canals to drain the floodwater and convey fresh water from the Mekong (Song Tien) Lois Wright Morton is professor emeritus of rural sociology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States. Nghia Khoi Nguyen is associate professor in soil and environmental microbiology, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam. M. Scott Demyan is associate professor of soil and environmental mineralogy, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States. Received March 21, 2023. and Bassac (Song Hau) rivers and their tributaries to their fields for dry season crop irrigation. A changing climate—sea level rise, a stronger and increasingly variable SW monsoon, and more frequent and prolonged drought (Adamson et al. 2009)—in concert with amplified tidal effects and saltwater intrusion reaching 50 to 130 km (31 to 81 mi) upstream into the main rivers since February of 2020 threaten freshwater resources (Loc et al. 2021; World Bank 2022). A growing population, land use decisions, saline soils, loss of mangrove coastal protection, ","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76287142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in soil erosion research: A European perspective","authors":"J. Boardman, B. Evans, D. Favis-Mortlock, I. Foster, K. Vandaele","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0223A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0223A","url":null,"abstract":"M any so-called new developments in soil erosion research are in fact “evolutionary” in character— they are built on research foundations established during past decades. We need look no further than Hugh Hammond Bennett’s (1939) Soil Conservation to realize that we stand on the shoulders of giants. However, the significance of concepts such as “connectivity” has changed as perspectives have shifted during the last 50 years, from the experimental plot and field to the catchment (Boardman et al. 2022). Also, increased technical expertise in computing, geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing has certainly opened new possibilities. In this short personal perspective, we aim to review new developments from a European viewpoint. We start by noting that soil erosion research in Europe is firmly rooted in geomorphology, in contrast to the mainly agronomic foundations of North American erosion research.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74215524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving profitability and livelihood security of marginal farmers in Kandi area of Jammu","authors":"M. Gupta, S. Kour, R. Bharat","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00014.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00014.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79744744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plowing: Dust storms, Conservation Agriculture, and need for a “Soil Health Act”","authors":"Don Reicosky, David Brandt, Randall Reeder, Rattan Lal, David R. Montgomery","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0619A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0619A","url":null,"abstract":"T he dust storm tragedy on I-55 in central Illinois on May 1, 2023, a reminder of the Dust Bowl era of the 1930s, necessitates urgent policy intervention to replace plow tillage with Conservation Agriculture (CA) involving no-tillage with crop biomass mulch, cover cropping, and complex crop rotations. System-based CA has co-benefits including control of soil erosion by wind (dust storm) and water, low risks of nonpoint source pollution including algal bloom, adaptation and mitigation of climate change, reduced incidence of drought-flood syndrome, sustained productivity, high farm income, and improved soil health. The current farm bill already contains a Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, and Growing Climate Solutions Act that can all be complemented and more effective with a healthy soil. The forthcoming farm bill should have provision to reward farmers for ecosystem services at a nominal rate, e.g., US$50 ac–1 yr–1 (~US$123.46 ha–1 y–1), through a proposed “Soil Health Act” to further CA as a solution to climate change and other environmental issues. Restoring soil health through CA is a win-win option and a major contribution to mitigating future climate extremes and food security. Ninety years after the Dust Bowl we should not need reminding that agriculture’s job is to feed people without degrading the environment, not create chaotic catastrophic events due to poor utilization and resource management. Unfortunately, the recent I-55 dust storm catastrophe in central Illinois, United States, in May of 2023 did just that and caused the loss of 8 lives, hospitalization of 37 others, loss or damage to 72 vehicles, and triggered associated environmental degradation (figure 1). This disaster was caused by low April rainfall—roughly half of normal amounts—and high winds that blew across freshly tilled fields and lofted Don Reicosky is a retired soil scientist for USDA Agricultural Research Service, North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, Morris, Minnesota, and adjunct professor in the Soil Science Department, University of Minnesota. Randall Reeder is a retired agricultural engineer for Ohio State University, serves as executive director of the Ohio No-till Council, and coordinates programs for the Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference in Ada, Ohio. Rattan Lal is a distinguished professor of soil science at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. David R. Montgomery is a professor of earth and space sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. David Brandt, known as the “Godfather of Soil Health,” was a conservation farmer from Carroll, Ohio, who was recognized internationally as a leader in no-till, cover crops, soil health, and regenerative agriculture. Received June 19, 2023. loosened topsoil into the air. The tragedy captures one of the more visible unintended consequences of frequent intensive tillage when farmers plow in the fall, and till again one or two times before spring planting. Less visible consequenc","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85628543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the performances of SALTCALC and LEACHMOD models for simulating the drainage and soil salinity conditions","authors":"Prashant Singh, A. Mishra, Smita Jaiswal, Love Kumar, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00009.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00009.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75999908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of water quality of the Brahmaputra river in India for irrigation purpose","authors":"P. Ray, Susmita Sarmah, K. K. Mourya, R. K. Jena, G. Sharma, S. Hota, R. Sharma, Bachaspati Das, S. Ray","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00006.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00006.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89914788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to conservation persistence: Psychosocial drivers of durable grasslands following the Conservation Reserve Program","authors":"J.C. Barnes, A.A. Dayer, A.R. Gramza, M. Sketch, A.M. Dwyer, R. Iovanna","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00215","url":null,"abstract":"The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the largest private lands conservation program in the United States, has contributed substantially to the health of soil, water, and wildlife of the grasslands in the Great Plains of North America. However, the program’s limited-term contracts offer no guarantee that the vegetation and associated environmental benefits produced by the program will endure when landowners are no longer enrolled. Through a survey of landowners in the southern Great Plains with current or expired CRP contracts, this study explored the role of five pathways previously linked to behavioral persistence—cognitions, motivations, resources, social influences, and behavioral inertia—in grassland persistence after participation in CRP ends. Among landowners with current CRP contracts, intentions to persist with grassland in the future were correlated with positive program experiences, the perceived ease and desirability of keeping their CRP field in grass, and intrinsic motivations to improve the beauty of their field or its value for wildlife or livestock. Reported grassland persistence among landowners with expired CRP contracts was additionally correlated with motivations to improve their field’s soil and water conditions and the availability of natural and material resources. Across both landowner groups, grassland persistence was negatively associated with the importance of financial motivations in landowners’ decision-making and positively associated with normative influences related to how others manage former CRP land in the area. These insights into the drivers of postprogram landowner behavior provide support for the role of cognitive, motivational, social, resource, and behavioral pathways in the durability of grasslands established through CRP and open multiple programmatic and policy opportunities for promoting enduring benefits for the land, people, and wildlife of the Great Plains.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental justice, climate change, and agriculture","authors":"A. Manale","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0912A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0912A","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change will be the most consequential challenge to the global society and especially to agriculture in the coming decades. However, what does climate change have to do with environmental justice (EJ)? Is not EJ supposed to be about protecting disadvantaged communities from toxic chemicals?","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73393897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agriculture as part of the solution to climate change: Incentivizing the adoption of no-till and cover crops","authors":"D. Kissel, J. Gaskin, Miguel L. Cabrera, Bert R. Bock, Rattan Lal","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0620a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0620a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}