Journal of Structural Geology最新文献

{"title":"Shear zone folds: Structural analysis and interpretation","authors":"G.I. Alsop,&nbsp;D.J. Condon","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shear zones and associated folds form an important category of structures that are widely developed in the internal portions of orogenic belts. The analysis of such folds is crucial as they can be used to help determine kinematics, bulk strain and deformation histories of crustal-scale shear zones as well as influencing fluid flow and potential mineralisation. Our case study focuses on a Caledonian shear zone in NW Ireland that is marked by NW-directed crustal thickening (D1) that is followed by a later phase (D2) of SE-directed gravity-driven extensional collapse. We provide a detailed analysis of mesoscopic folds and fabrics formed during this greenschist-facies extension in order to answer some general questions including how to distinguish folds with hinges that initiate parallel to transport versus those folds that have rotated towards shear, the control that larger folds may have upon the geometry and orientation of smaller folds, and the influence that lithology plays in the evolution of shear zone folds. Our study comprises a mixed fold and fabric data set derived from a complex combination of i) <em>flow perturbation folds</em> with hinges that have initiated sub-parallel to transport, ii) <em>sheath folds</em> with hinges that have rotated towards transport during intense progressive shear, and iii) <em>spiral folds</em> with hinges that initiate normal to transport but fail to rotate as they roll and tighten. These mesoscopic folds form across a range of scales with smaller folds forming at a variety of angles, and in some cases transecting larger fold hinges indicating a non-Pumpellyan or incongruous relationship. Competent psammites host more open folds with hinges at higher angles to transport when compared to weaker pelites that contain tighter folds at variable angles to shear. Lithology and scale are therefore critical factors in controlling shear zone folds, with natural data sets commonly dominated by smaller-scale (&lt;10 cm) folds that are more prevalent and easier to measure at outcrop. A consequence of this bias in recording data is that the amount of fold rotation (and hence bulk strain) may be over-estimated. A further complication is that fold pairs preserve more open upper hinges compared to tighter lower hinges that are closer to underlying detachments, meaning that the exact position of the hinge within fold pairs should be routinely recorded. The flattening of buckle fold hinges within competent psammites reflects the influence of gravity-driven deformation with an absolute sense of top-down-to the SE shear, which we interpret as being focussed into the shear zone during orogenic collapse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Going with the flow — Changes of vorticity control gold enrichment in Archean shear zones (Shebandowan Greenstone Belt, Superior Province, Canada)","authors":"Tobias Stephan ,&nbsp;Noah J. Phillips ,&nbsp;Hanna Tiitto ,&nbsp;Adrian Perez ,&nbsp;Michael Nwakanma ,&nbsp;Robert Creaser ,&nbsp;Pete Hollings","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Archean orogenic gold deposits are commonly hosted in brittle-ductile shear zones, where gold is locally remobilized and reprecipitated due to changes in physio-chemical conditions. However, in Archean rocks of the Superior Craton, these shear zones are often sparsely exposed and inferred primarily through spatial correlation, hence these shear zone architectures remain poorly understood. Here, we apply geochronology, kinematic analysis, and vorticity analysis techniques to study the Shebandowan Greenstone Belt in Northern Ontario, Canada. Geochronological results from zircon U-Pb CA-ID-TIMS and molybdenite Re-Os NTIMS dating yielded an age of 2717.35 ± 0.48 Ma for a proximal felsic intrusion and 2708 ± 12 Ma for auriferous and molybdenite-bearing vein mineralization, respectively. Field observations and regional age data indicate that both mineralization and intrusive activity predate deformation. Spatial interpolation of ductile foliation orientations reveals that gold mineralization is spatially associated with abrupt changes in shear zone orientation. Vorticity analysis — including rigid porphyroclast and crystallographic vorticity analysis — shows that these changes induce strain partitioning in releasing and restraining bends. These observed localized deflections in shear zone strike are attributed to the competency contrast between the old, feldspar-rich, isotropic, and syenitic plutonic bodies (rheologically stronger) and gold-bearing, intermediate metavolcanic and diorite units (rheologically weaker). Transitions from non-coaxial to coaxial flow dominated areas appear to have localized fluid pathways, allowing for fluid migration and gold precipitation during deformation. Quantifying deflections of shear zones adjacent to rigid geological bodies, combined with analyzing the deformation flow types, represents a powerful and cost-effective tool for gold exploration in granite-greenstone belts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting surface ruptures of the 1955 Zheduotang earthquake (Mw 7.1) in eastern tibet: kinematic implications on the southern Xianshuihe fault zone","authors":"Guangchun Xu ,&nbsp;Junjie Ren ,&nbsp;Yufa Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Yaning Yi ,&nbsp;Yanwu Lv ,&nbsp;Xiwei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface ruptures associated with large historical earthquakes provide essential insights into earthquake magnitudes and the kinematics of their seismogenic faults. In 1955, a major earthquake struck Zheduotang Village, Kangding City, producing surface ruptures along the Zheduotang fault, a segment of the southern Xianshuihe fault zone. The magnitude of this event remains a topic of debate, with estimates ranging from M6.6 to M7.5, primarily due to discrepancies in the interpretation of its associated surface ruptures. This study synthesizes previous research on the surface ruptures of the 1955 Zheduotang earthquake and presents new field data, including high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based topographic surveys, trenching, and lichenometry in the epicentral region. Analysis of surface rupture freshness, faulting event chronology from trenching, and lichen size measurements collectively support a ∼55 km-long surface rupture zone, corresponding to a moment magnitude (M_w) of ∼7.1 for the 1955 earthquake. Offset glacial landform analysis reveals a late Quaternary left-lateral slip rate of ∼2.5–3.0 mm/yr in the southern segment of the Zheduotang fault, which is lower than the previously documented ∼4 mm/yr in the northern segment. Deformed landforms and surface ruptures indicate that the fault trends NNW and exhibits predominantly left-lateral strike-slip motion in its northern segment, while the southern segment trends NW and includes a notable normal faulting component. Our findings suggest that the Zheduotang fault defines the southwestern boundary of the Bamei-Kangding releasing stepover zone within the southern Xianshuihe left-lateral strike-slip fault zone. These results enhance the understanding of seismic hazards and the tectonic kinematics along the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural architecture, tectonic stacking and extensional reactivation of nappe contacts in the southern Middle Tuscan Ridge, Inner Northern Apennines orogenic belt (Italy)","authors":"Andrea Brogi ,&nbsp;Enrico Capezzuoli ,&nbsp;Amalia Spina ,&nbsp;Martina Zucchi ,&nbsp;Chiara Montemagni ,&nbsp;Federico Lucci","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpreting tectonic stacking patterns and the nature of contacts between tectonic units is a major challenge in orogenic belts, particularly when mafic rock slices are embedded within the tectonic stack. These occurrences raise fundamental questions about their origin and the tectonic processes responsible for their emplacement. Such complexities, which characterize several orogenic belts worldwide, are especially prominent in the inner Northern Apennines orogenic belt (Italy). This belt is characterized by abrupt metamorphic discontinuities, local omissions of portions of the tectonic stack, significant stratigraphic gaps within individual tectonic units and contains discontinuous mafic bodies within the nappe pile. These features point to a polyphase tectonic evolution, which over the last decades has led to a range of hypotheses concerning the Neogene evolution of the inner Northern Apennines. Testing these models requires integrated structural, petrological, and stratigraphic investigations. This study presents structural, kinematic and stratigraphic data on detailed field mapping in the southern Middle Tuscan Ridge (southern Tuscany), a key area within the inner Northern Apennines. Our results document a polyphase extensional evolution characterised by the sequential development of normal faults during post-orogenic deformation (∼19–20 Ma). Based on this evidence, we propose an updated tectonic model that integrates the geometry, timing, and evolution of extensional structures in this part of the chain. The model refines the regional tectonic framework and provides a basis for further investigation into the metamorphic evolution, the chronology of tectonic events, and the origin of mafic bodies within continental units. On a broader scale, it offers a reference for interpreting post-collisional extensional settings in other orogenic belts worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturally deformed polymineralic rocks provide quantitative rheological information","authors":"Kyrsten L. Johnston ,&nbsp;Laurel Goodwin ,&nbsp;Basil Tikoff ,&nbsp;Evan Earnest ,&nbsp;Christine Gopon ,&nbsp;Thomas G. Blenkinsop","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyphase rocks are more common than monomineralic rocks, but their rheologies are less well constrained. We utilize a combination of strain markers, natural variations in mineral content, and microstructural observations to quantify the rheology of deformed and metamorphosed turbidite sequences from the Eastern Fold Belt in the Mount Isa Inlier, Queensland, Australia. At the outcrop scale, continuous deflection of quartz-rich veins records changes in shear strain magnitude that correspond to variations in mineralogy. Larger deflections (higher strains) are recorded in biotite- and muscovite-rich (phyllosilicate) domains relative to stratigraphically lower quartz- and feldspar-rich (quartzofeldspathic) domains. X-ray diffraction analyses of cores from a representative turbidite sequence show an increase in mica content (12–52 %) and a decrease in quartz and feldspar content (86–38 %) with increasing stratigraphic height. Electron backscatter diffraction analyses show a measurable crystallographic preferred orientation in quartz, indicating intracrystalline deformation in a quartzofeldspathic domain, which is absent in the adjacent phyllosilicate domain. Back-scattered electron images document evidence of solution-precipitation creep and grain-boundary sliding in a phyllosilicate domain, indicating deformation was accommodated by intercrystalline processes. Despite similar differential stress recorded by both domains, relative strain rates, calculated from ratios of shear strain, increase with mica content. A conceptual model that characterizes strain partitioning in layered systems quantitatively demonstrates the dependence of bulk deformation on the relative thicknesses and viscosity ratios of mineralogical domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optimization approach to algebraic Rf/ϕ strain analysis","authors":"Yehua Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In algebraic <em>R</em>_<em>f</em>/<em>ϕ</em> strain analysis, there is a lack of the uncertainty of strain caused by, as common in measured post-strain objects, the violation of the assumption of the independence between the major-axis directions and axial ratios of pre-strain objects. A new <em>R</em>_<em>f</em>/<em>ϕ</em> strain method is developed to reduce this uncertainty. The method minimizes the sum of the <em>K</em>-th power of the negative determinant of the tensor difference between each post-strain object and the unknown strain. The method for <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> yields an analytical solution of strain, equivalent to existing algebraic estimators of strain. Both synthetic datasets and real examples are used to validate the method for varying <em>K</em> values of 1–10. The strain results illustrate that the method decreases in standard error and tends to increase in accuracy with an increasing <em>K</em>. The variation of the estimated strain with <em>K</em> is helpful to appraise the violation of the independence assumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale characterization of fracture network in sub-seismic faults (Monte Capanne Pluton, Elba Island, Italy)","authors":"F. Porta,&nbsp;L.R. Berio,&nbsp;C. Cavozzi,&nbsp;F. Balsamo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prediction of sub-seismic fault properties is a key factor to mitigate the uncertainties in reservoir modeling. The present study focuses on the geometry and origin of the NE-trending sub-seismic faults in Monte Capanne pluton (Elba Island, Italy), characterized by transtensive kinematics and developed in an interacting sector between two regional-scale faults. A detailed analysis of the fracture network (digitized fractures &gt;10,000) was conducted along and across the NE-trending faults using Digital Outcrop Model (DOM). This dataset was further integrated with field mapping at a 1:200 scale of four representative sectors. Overall, our multiscale mapping identifies three different fault-related fracture sets: (i) NE-SW-trending fractures, (ii) E-W-trending fractures, and (iii) NNW-SSE-trending fractures. Statistical analysis of fracture orientation and length in DOM reveals a heterogeneous spatial distribution of deformation in the outcrop, showing an increase in fracture density and intensity (P₁₀ and P₂₁), and connectivity (connections per branch C_B) towards the northeastern region of the outcrop, where NE-trending faults are closely spaced. A comparison between DOM-based and DOM-integrated datasets reveals that the former tends to underestimate small-scale fractures due to pixel-resolution limit (truncation effect), leading to an underestimation of across-fault damage zone width and internal fracture density and intensity. However, the proportion of connected nodes (X, Y) and connectivity (C_B) from the DOM-based dataset is consistent with topological parameters from the DOM-integrated dataset. This study highlights the necessity of a multiscale approach for fracture network characterization in sub-seismic faults, combining DOM with field mapping to develop reliable templates for reservoir analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cretaceous tectonics in the present-day architecture of the nice arc (Western Subalpine foreland, France)","authors":"R. Bauer ,&nbsp;M. Corsini ,&nbsp;C. Matonti ,&nbsp;D. Bosch ,&nbsp;O. Bruguier ,&nbsp;B. Issautier","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Nice arc architecture, located at the southern tip of the Western Alps, is very singular, with a strong and narrow curvature. This particular shape could be the result of inherited structures that guide subsequent deformations during compressional events, as has been demonstrated in other parts of the belt. To achieve this objective, we adopted a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the geometry, kinematics, and timing of deformations associated with the various tectonic episodes that structured the arc. A special focus on the Cretaceous formations has revealed that the Cenomanian deposits show significant thickness variations and strong disturbances associated with fault activity. At this time, the formation of narrow, elongated basins was controlled by a system of NNE-SSW trending left-lateral strike-slip faults associated with NW-SE trending normal strike-slip faults and normal faults, dated at 81 ± 13 Ma on calcite recrystallised on the fault planes. During the Cenozoic, two phases of shortening reactivated the faults bounding these basins. An Oligocene phase corresponds to a NE-SW compression, expressed by NW-SE trending folds and thrust and reactivation of first phase faults, dated at 28.7 ± 6.1 Ma, 28.8 ± 8.4 Ma and 27.3 ± 6.3 Ma. The Mio-Pliocene phase is characterised by N-S compression with E-W folds that interfere with the Oligocene folds and reactivate the earlier faults. A Lower Miocene age of 18.2 ± 1.1 Ma and a Pliocene age of 3.16 ± 0.47 Ma pinpoint the timing of these last deformation phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General transpression and transtension","authors":"Carlos Fernández ,&nbsp;Manuel Díaz Azpiroz ,&nbsp;Jorge Alonso-Henar","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a triclinic transpression and transtension model is presented in which the coaxial part of the flow is general, including both constriction and flattening as well as pure shear. The results show that, for both transtension and transpression, the different combinations of the variables that control the model allow obtaining finite strain ellipsoids in all fields of the deformation diagram, including prolate and oblate ellipsoids. It is mainly the <em>ζ</em> angle between the simple-shearing direction and the extrusion (transpression) or sinking (transtension) direction, together with the value of the vorticity, and the characteristics of the coaxial part of the flow, which controls the shape of the finite strain ellipsoid in each case. The orientations of the principal axes (<em>X</em>, <em>Y</em>, <em>Z</em>) of the finite strain ellipsoids show a wide variation, also dependent on <em>ζ</em>. The model has been applied to natural examples, improving the knowledge of their kinematic evolution and tectonic interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Quaternary crustal shortening rate of the Wensu fault-bend fold in the southern Tian Shan, NW China","authors":"Kezhi Zang ,&nbsp;Chuanyong Wu ,&nbsp;Zhan Gao ,&nbsp;Xuezhu Wang ,&nbsp;Haiyang Yuan ,&nbsp;Jinshuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Sihua Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Yu ,&nbsp;Yunxiao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N‒S crustal shortening in the Tian Shan shows an obvious eastward decrease, which results in an eastward decrease in the width and uplift height of the topography. However, the highest peak in the Tian Shan region appears in its middle part (the Wensu area) instead of at the expected western end. At present, the kinematic information and N‒S crustal shortening rate of the Wensu foreland thrust system remain poorly constrained, which has led to controversy regarding the deformation characteristics and mechanism of geomorphic growth in this area. In this study, we focused on the kinematics and shortening rate of the Wensu fault-bend fold (WFBF), the frontal structural belt of the Wensu foreland thrust system. On the basis of interpretations of detailed high-resolution remote sensing images, field investigations, surveying of displaced terraces with an unmanned drone, the dating of late Quaternary sediments via OSL and trench excavation, we determined a relatively low N‒S crustal shortening rate of 1.31 ± 0.23 mm/yr over the past 24,000–40,000 years for the WFBF. We suggest that a listric thick-skinned fault geometry at depth results in more vertical uplift components, which is the key factor of significant topographic uplift amplitude in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}