Research Square (Research Square)最新文献

{"title":"Using Citizen Science to Infer Characteristics and Habitat Use of Reef Manta Rays (Mobula Alfredi) in New Caledonia","authors":"Hugo Lassauce, Olivier Château, Laurent Wantiez","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3584135/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3584135/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reef manta rays ( Mobula alfredi ) are observed at several sites in all parts of the archipelago of New Caledonia. The species faces threats from human exploitation and activity in several regions of the world and crucial information on the ecology of the species is needed. This study is the first to investigate the population of New Caledonia and focuses on its characteristics and its habitat use. We used citizen science over four years (2015–2020) to collect 1741 photo-identifications from 11 sites. The unique ventral coloration patterns of the manta rays allowed the identification of 391 individuals. These results highlight the widespread distribution of the species in the archipelago with little connectivity between all aggregations sites, with only 5.4% of the individuals observed at more than one site. Strong and long-term site fidelity was recorded at all studied sites through re-sighting rates and residency analysis. The population also records the highest known proportion of melanistic manta rays (43%) to date, and a balanced male : female ratio (1.0 : 1.15). The analysis of injuries reported a low impact from anthropogenic stressors, with only 9.8% of injuries judged to be of anthropogenic origin. Attempted predation rates were not higher than other location in the world with 29.7% of individuals bearing bite-related injuries. Our study highlights the need for further investigations on the spatial ecology and structure of the population to assess essential habitat and address potential localised threats, and thus, inform by conservation projects.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquisition and synchronisation of cardiography signals from a clinical patient monitor with facial video recordings","authors":"Jagmohan Meher, Chien-Chih Wang, Torbjörn E. M. Nordling","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3588812/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3588812/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A far too frequent practical challenge in clinical informatics research and method development for acquiring vital signs is the extraction and synchronisation of signals from proprietary devices for the clinical monitoring of patients. In an ongoing study evaluating methods for video-based remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), we needed to extract ground truth values of electrocardiogram (ECG) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) signals from the Philips vitals monitor while recording the facial video of the subject, simultaneously. This ground truth data will be used to train the model that will perform rPPG. Various software can extract data from the Philips vitals monitor with features like data acquisition, parsing, and visualisation, but they lack synchronisation with the facial video. Therefore, we developed the Patient Monitor Data Extractor (PMDE), which collects data from the Philips IntelliVue monitors following the Data export interface programming guide provided by Philips. We set up a DHCP server on a Windows 7 computer with a webcam and interfaced with the monitor through LAN with UDP/IP. We used C++ and Windows Sockets API to develop our software and communicate over UDP. For synchronisation with the video cameras, we turned off the light in the room and used this sudden brightness drop as a trigger. The timestamp of the monitor was recorded when the webcam detected the trigger. The PMDE software records ECG at 500 Hz and SpO2 at 125 Hz with a synchronisation error of less than two sampling periods, which is about 40 ms for a 50 fps video. We conclude that PMDE is uniquely suited for recording data for rPPG evaluation because of its synchronisation feature. We have used PMDE to collect a dataset of facial videos with ground truth ECG and SpO2 signals. We intend to make PMDE available as open source to save other researchers time.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"86 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of stomach metastasis resulting from different cancers in a retrospective review","authors":"Hassan A. Saad, Azza Baz, Mohamed E Eraky, Mohamed I Farid, Mohamed Riad, Khaled Sharaf, Ahmed K El-taher, Ahmed Salah Arafa","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3594111/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3594111/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context and purpose Research reviews the findings, course of therapy, and outcomes of gastric metastases (GM). With this investigation, we hope to contribute to the increasing amount of information by providing practitioners with a reliable and practical platform for understanding stomach metastases from various primary malignancies. Methods : This study covered papers published in English from the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases until May 2022. The deleted materials included editorial emails, billboards, surgical photos, and non-English publications. Hematogenous and lymphogenic metastases were noted, yet primary tumor progression and dissemination were not. Using pre-established criteria for eligibility, the ultimate selection was made after the articles and abstracts were reviewed and cross-referenced. Results : A total of 186 GM cases were listed in 1,521 papers that were eventually found. The average of sixty-two years. The majority of GM cases (67) were attributed to reproductive cancers, with lung tumors (33 patients), carcinoma of the kidney (20 patients), and melanomas (19 patients) trailing closely behind. The main treatment strategy for metastases is excision surgery (n = 62), often in combination with immunotherapy or chemotherapy (ChT). Among the 78 therapeutic options, ChT was the second-most preferred choice. Furthermore, immunotherapy was one of the most preferred treatment alternatives (n = 10) following surgery and ChT. Conclusions : Heterogeneity was inevitable because 172 case reports from different journals were included in this systematic review. Certain papers have omitted crucial facts such as comprehensive monitoring and scientific information. Additionally, since every article featured was a personal study, it was not possible to evaluate the quality of the work. In the majority of the 172 cases that were examined, resected procedures occurred; on rare occasions, immunotherapy and ChT were also combined. The best course of action for patients with stomach metastases requires further investigation.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"70 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulator, resister, and conductor are capacitors","authors":"Muyuan Shang","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3484684/v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3484684/v2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The phenomenon of dispersion and absorption in materiel has been interpreted by dielectric polarization for more than a century. A different theory for the phenomenon was constructed after the capacitance had been found in rock. The new theory has also proven that an insulator is with capacitance. The phenomenon of negative dielectric constant in the conductor (metals) is hard to be explained by polarization theory. All the formulas describing the dispersion based on the polarization theory are empirical formulas and contradict with each other. This essay shows that the conductor (metals) is also with capacitance and the negative dielectric constant is mainly caused by induction. The bottleneck effect for the current causes material capacitance. The capacitance formula of this new theory is same to the different polarization based empirical formulas mathematically. The material capacitance formula can be adopted to insulators, resistors, and conductors. In the previous articles conducted by the author, it was proven that the capacitance formula can be adopted to insulators and resistors. In this article, it has mainly proven that the capacitance formula can be also adopted to the conductor. In brief, all the materials such as the insulator, the resistor, and the conductor have capacitance. This paper puts together the explanation of dispersion from the empirical formula to the theory conduced formula.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Learners’ Cultural Intelligence on Listening Anxiety: Toward Testing a Model with the mediating role of Language Learning Motivation","authors":"Mehdi Manoochehrzadeh, Hamed Barjesteh, Jamal Sadeghi","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3572352/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3572352/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Listening comprehension anxiety (LCA) has received considerable research over the past few decades, but conceptual models to pinpoint the sources of LCA have not been adequately explored. The present study set out to probe the structural model hypothesizing the predictive role of cultural intelligence (CQ) and language learning motivation (LLM) in affecting LCA. To this end, 250 English as a foreign language) EFL) learners completed the three self-report scales measuring the variables under investigation. As for the data analysis, Pearson product moment correlations and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine the interplay among the variables, and to test the fit of the model. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant: (a) negative relationship between CQ and LCA, and (b) reverse correlation between LLM and LCA. Moreover, the SEM analysis revealed that CQ and LLM accounted for .39% of the variance in LCA. Specifically, CQ abated to − .33% of the variance while LLM decreased to − .29% of the variance in LCA. Additionally, it was established that while both predictors had a significant effect, LLM appeared to be a robust predictor of LCA reduction. This implies that students who had a higher level of LLM were less likely to experience LCA. Therefore, materials developers, curriculum planners, and language teachers, in particular, are advised to train learners to foster CQ and LLM, as both are known to reduce LCA. Detailed discussion of the results and implications of the study are provided in the paper.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"1 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of the end-to-end demonstration readout chain for Athena/X-IFU","authors":"Gilles Roudil, François Pajot, Florent Castellani, Sophie Beaumont, Michel Dupieux, David Murat, Yann Parot, Laurent Ravera, Joseph Adams, Simon Bandler, James Chervenak, Edoardo Cucchetti, Christophe Daniel, William Doriese, Malcolm Durking, Hervé Geoffray, Gene Hilton, Baptiste Mot, Philippe Peille, Damien Prêle, Carl Reintsema, Kazuhiro Sakai, Joel Ullom, Nicholas Wakeham, Alexei Molin","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3544860/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3544860/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) of the Athena observatory, scheduled for launch in the mid 2030's, will provide X-ray imaging spectroscopy data with unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution. The detection chain, based on a ~ 1.5 kilo-pixel array of transition edge sensors (TESs) cooled down to 55 mK, is under development by a large international collaboration. In order to perform an end-to-end demonstration of the X-IFU readout chain, a 50 mK test bench (Elsa), is being developed at IRAP in collaboration with CNES. Based on a commercial ADR cryostat, it includes a 1024-pixel TES array provided by NASA/GSFC with its associated cold readout chain provided by NIST. The validation of the performance of the system was performed using a NIST and NASA/GSFC laboratory warm readout chain. These laboratory electronics will be replaced step by step by the demonstration models of the space qualified electronics designed for the X-IFU: the digital readout electronics by IRAP and the warm front-end electronics by APC. We present here the status of the 50 mK test bench, its performance budget, and the demonstration of a prototype of a first element of the flight electronics.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"89 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priority effects and microbial cross-feeding shape zoonotic agent spread in broiler chickens","authors":"Sofia Marcos, Iñaki Odriozola, Jorge Langa, Germana Baldi, Eray Sahin, Sarah Siu Tze Mak, Louisa Pless, Joan Tarradas, Andone Estonba, Antton Alberdi","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3588367/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3588367/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Unravelling the colonisation dynamics and physiological effects of zoonotic bacteria such as Campylobacter is imperative to prevent foodborne diseases. We employed a hologenomic approach to jointly analyse metabolic networks and gene expression of the caecal microbiota, with the intestinal gene expression of 613 broiler chickens that did and did not undergo an opportunistic Campylobacter colonisation. We report that an early development of a distinct microbial enterotype enriched with Bacteroides fragilis_A , changed the community to a functional profile that likely benefited Campylobacter through production of key metabolites. The resulting enterotype was not associated with a host immune response, but exhibited an enriched and energetically more demanding functional repertoire compared to the standard enterotype, which could have caused the growth decline observed in Campylobacter- colonised animals. We provide unique insights into microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions, which point to the early-stage microbiota-development as a relevant factor for later Campylobacter spread in broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"83 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the length of proximal margin on the prognosis of adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction and strategies : A real-world study","authors":"Tao Pang, Mingming Nie, lei Fan, Jia yang Wang, Zhao rui Liu, Ying yi Qin, Kai Yin","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3578036/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3578036/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The optimal proximal margin (PM) length for SiewertII/III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEJ) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the optimal PM length using an abdominal approach to guide surgical decision-making. Methods : A prospective study analyzed 304 consecutive patients diagnosed with SiewertII/III AEJ between January 2019 and December 2021. Total gastrectomy was performed via the abdominal approach, and PM length was measured on fixed gross specimens. X-Tile software determined the optimal PM cut-point based on progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate analyses compared baseline characteristics across PM groups, while survival analyses utilized Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazards regression for assessing the impact of margin length on survival. Multivariable analyses were conducted to adjust for confounding variables. Results : The study included 264 AEJ cases classified as Siewert II (71.97%) or III (28.03%). The median gross PM length was 1.0 cm (IQR: 0.5 cm-1.5 cm, range: 0 cm-6 cm). PM length ≥1.2 cm was associated with a lower risk of disease progression compared to PM length 0.4 cm on PFS (HR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.84, P = 0.015). Moreover, PM ≥1.2 cm improved prognosis in subgroups of T4 or N3, tumor size <4 cm, Siewert II, and Lauren classification. Conclusions : For Siewert type II/III AEJ, a proximal margin length ≥1.2 cm (1.65 cm in situ) is associated with improved outcomes. These findings offer valuable insights into the association between PM length and outcomes in SiewertII/III AEJ, providing guidance for surgical approaches and aiding clinical decision-making to enhance patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"83 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Water and Wastewater Decentralization to Enhance the Resiliency and Sustainability of Cities","authors":"Manel Garrido Baserba, David Sedlak, Irene Barnosell, Maria Molinos-Senante, Oliver Schraa, Diego Rosso, Marta Verdaguer, Manel Poch","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3546934/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3546934/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The imperative to make energy and resource consumption more sustainable is prompting a critical reconsideration of all human endeavors. Within urban water management, the drive to enhance sustainability is grounded in the recognition that water services consume a substantial amount of energy and that wastewater contains valuable resources, including water, heat, organic matter, and essential plant nutrients. To make urban water systems more sustainable, a paradigm shift is needed. Among the proposed strategies, source separation coupled with anaerobic co-digestion appears to be an effective means of recovering energy, water, and nutrients. Because existing centralized infrastructure that serves tens to hundreds of thousands of people is difficult to alter, and the technologies needed to realize this strategy are difficult to implement in single-family homes, we consider the scale of a city block. Using a quantitative model of unit processes that simulate energy, water, and nutrient flows, we consider the technical and economic feasibility of a representative decentralized system, as well as its environmental impacts. To realize potential synergies associated with on-site use of the recovered resources, we complement the decentralized water system with vertical farming, photovoltaic energy generation, and rainwater harvesting. Our analysis suggests that decentralized water systems can serve as a cornerstone of efforts to enhance resource efficiency and improve the resilience of cities.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"83 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring The Role of Thigh Muscle Coordination with Biarticular Muscles for Stable Running","authors":"Hidaka Asai, Tomoyuki Noda, Jun Morimoto","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3600996/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3600996/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Legged animals including humans appear to efficiently exploit their elastic muscle coordination to achieve stable locomotion. Previous studies have shown that the elasticity of the leg realizes stable locomotion through the simple models comprising a mass and spring, and explained the stability of fundamental dynamics in human locomotion successfully. However, these models are excessively simple for interpreting the role of muscle coordination and implement on real systems. Thus, this study developed an analytical legged model to determine the role of muscle coordination in stabilizing biped running. In particular, we investigated the manner in which the thigh biarticular elastic mechanical elements aid in the stabilization of the torso pitch angle. We propose the torso-thigh muscle coordination (T-Tmc) model. The T-Tmc model was composed of the torso and three-pair of six-muscle structure in the thigh. We empirically showed that the T-Tmc model has the self-stability and generate a stable running without online input design. Further, the stable parameter region of the proposed model was investigated through numerical simulations and we found that the stable regions appear by setting the parameters appropriately. The T-Tmc model suggests how each muscle is coordinated in human locomotion.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":"24 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}