Research Square (Research Square)最新文献

{"title":"Chemical reservoir computation in a self-organizing reaction network","authors":"Wilhelm Huck, Mathieu Baltussen, Thijs de Jong, Quentin Duez, William Robinson","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3487081/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3487081/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The flow of information is as crucial to life as the flow of energy1,2. Chemical reaction networks such as those found in metabolism and signalling pathways enable cells to process information from their environment3,4. Current approaches to molecular information processing and computation typically pursue digital computation paradigms and require extensive molecular-level engineering5. Despite significant advances, these approaches have not reached the level of information processing capabilities seen in living systems. Here, we report on the discovery and implementation of a chemical reservoir computer based on the formose reaction6. We demonstrate how this complex, self-organizing chemical reaction network can perform multiple non-linear classification tasks in parallel, of predicting the dynamics of other complex systems, and of time series forecasting. This in chemico information processing system provides proof-of-principle for the emergent computational capabilities of complex chemical reaction networks, paving the way for a new class of biomimetic information processing systems.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of antimony-arsenic contaminated soil remediated using zero-valent iron at different pH values combined with freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Erping Hei, Mingjiang He, Enze Zhang, Hua Yu Yu, Kun Chen Chen, Yusheng Qin Qin, Xiangzhong Zeng, Zijun Zhou, Hongzhu Fan, Shangguan Yuxian, Luying Wang","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3485701/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3485701/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil in mining wastelands is seriously polluted with heavy metals. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is widely used for remediation of heavy metal-polluted soil because of its excellent adsorption properties; however, the remediation process is affected by complex environmental conditions, such as acid rain and freeze-thaw cycles. In this study, the effects of different pH values and freeze-thaw cycles on remediation of antimony (Sb)- and arsenic (As)-contaminated soil by ZVI were investigated in laboratory simulation experiments. The stability and human health risk of the remediated soil were evaluated. The results showed that different pH values coupled with freeze-thaw cycles could promote stabilization remediation of Sb- and As-contaminated soil by ZVI. Among them, ZVI significantly reduced the leaching toxicity and bioavailability of Sb and As in soil (both about 60.00%) after 32 rounds of freeze-thaw cycle treatment under water sample conditions of pH=1 (F1). However, Compared with soil not treated with freeze-thaw cycles, freeze-thaw cycles increased the leaching concentration of unstable forms of As. Bioavailability calculations based on Sb and As in remediated soil that alkaline soil there were no health or carcinogenic risks for children and adults, but the health risks and carcinogenic risks of Sb in acidic soil remained high for children. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of Sb- and As-contaminated soil using ZVI, and also highlight the importance of considering pH and freeze-thaw conditions in the remediation process to ensure effective and safe treatment.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variables related to soil fertility in successional agroforestry systems – Serras do Sudeste, RS, Brazil","authors":"Daniel Hanke, Shirley Grazieli da Silva Nascimento, Déborah Pinheiro Dick, Renan Costa Beber Vieira, Leonardo Paz Deble","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581731/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581731/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Successional agroforestry systems have the capacity to increase soil fertility and restore degraded ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of agroforestry systems, at different stages of ecological succession, on the dynamics of chemical and physical soil fertility attributes in the Brazil South region. Soil samples were collected under five different conditions: i) Control (T) = initial system (without agroforestry); ii) SAF1 = agroforestry with 1 year of development; iii) SAF3 = agroforestry with 3 years of development; iv) SAF7 = agroforestry with 7 years of development; and v) reference system (naturally regenerating forest with 30 years). Subsequently, determinations/calculations were carried out for chemical attributes/parameters (exchangeable Ca + 2 , Mg + 2 , K + , Na + , P, Al + 3 , H + , sum of bases, effective and potential cation exchange capacity, cation exchange saturation with bases and Al + 3 ), physical attributes (soil bulk density, particle density, total porosity, and moisture), and soil physicochemical properties (pH H 2 O, pH in saline solutions, and SMP method), as well as chemical element stocks were calculated based on soil mass in each sampled layer. Results indicated an increase in pH, total porosity, and nutrient stocks with the systems' development time, accompanied by a decrease in acidity components. The change in soil fertility is directly related to the increase in soil organic matter content.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microalga Volvox carteri as a cell supportive building block for tissue engineering","authors":"Mathilde STRICHER, Pascale Vigneron, Frédéric Delbecq, Claude-Olivier Sarde, Christophe Egles","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3484389/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3484389/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background V. carteri f. nagariensis constitutes, in its most simplified form, a cellularized spheroid built around and stabilised by a form of primitive extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods Based on its structure and its ability to support surface cell adhesion most likely induced by the composition of its algal ECM, we have developed a modular approach to soft tissue engineering by compact-stacking of V. carteri –based living building blocks. Results A primary biocompatibility assessment demonstrated the algal suspension cytocompatibility, its histogenesis promoting properties, and that it did not induce an inflammatory response in vitro . These results allowed us to consider the use of such algal suspension for soft tissue augmentation and to initiate the study of its in vivo biocompatibility. V. carteri exhibited cellular fate-directing properties, causing fibroblasts to take on an alkaline phosphatase + stem-cell-like phenotype and both human adipose-derived stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells to differentiate into preadipocytes to adipocytes. The ability of V. carteri to support histogenesis and adipogenesis was also observed in vivo by subcutaneous tissue augmentation of athymic mice, highlighting the potential of V. carteri to support or influence tissue regeneration. Conclusions Our conclusion present for the first time V. carteri as an innovative and inspiring biomaterial for tissue engineering and soft tissue regeneration. Its strategies in terms of shape, structure and composition can be central in the design of a new generation of bio-inspired heterogeneous biomaterials recapitulating more appropriately the complexity of the body tissues when guiding their regeneration.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phyllosphere of Nigerian Medicinal Plants Euphorbia lateriflora and Ficus thonningii is inhabited by a specific Microbiota","authors":"Anderson O Oaikhena, Morenike E Coker, Dorothy Cyril-Okoh, Gabriele Berg, Iruka N Okeke","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3586450/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3586450/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Medicinal plant microbiota is highly specific and can contribute to medicinal activity. However, the majority of plant species have not yet been studied. Here, we investigated the phyllosphere composition of two common Nigerian medicinal plants, Euphorbia lateriflora and Ficus thonningii , by a polyphasic approach combining analyses of metagenomic DNA and isolates. Results Microbial abundance estimated via qPCR using specific marker gene primers showed that all leaf samples were densely colonized with up to 10 8 per gram of leaf with higher bacterial and fungal abundance than Archaea. While no statistically significant differences between both plant species were found for abundance, amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes revealed a distinct microbiota composition, and only seven of the 27 genera isolated were represented on both plants. We observed dominance of Sphingomonas spp. on both plants, and members of Xanthomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were also found in high numbers. The most dominant fungal families on both plants were Cladosporiaceae, Mycosphaerellaceae and Trichosphaeriaceae . In addition, 225 plant-specific isolates were identified, with Pseudomonadota and Enterobacteriaceae being dominant. Interestingly, 29 isolates are likely species previously unknown, and 14 of these belong to Burkholderiales . However, a high proportion, 56% and 40% of the isolates from E. lateriflora and F. thonningii , respectively, were characterized as various Escherichia coli . The growth of most of the bacterial isolates was not influenced by extractable secondary metabolites of plants. Conclusions Our results suggest that a specific and diverse microbial community inhabits the leaves of both plants, including potentially new species and producers of antimicrobials.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological properties of PTFE/PI-PAI composite coatings filled by GO/ ZrO2 on the surfaces of different micro-textures","authors":"Peng Xiang, Jun Cao, Qihua Long, Shiming Wang, Jinxing Wu, Zeshan Abbas","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3585659/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3585659/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three different PTFE/PI-PAI composite coatings filled by GO/ZrO 2 were designed to improve the tribological properties of engine bearing. The pentagonal and triangular textures were prepared on the surface of copper alloy by laser processing. The designed coatings were prepared on the surfaces of textures and smooth substrates by liquid spraying. The results indicated that the coating with 0.25 wt.% of GO and 4.75 wt.% of ZrO 2 has the best tribological properties at room temperature and 75°C. The coating has the better mechanical and tribological performances on the surface of the pentagonal textures. The mechanical simulation showed that the contact stress and deformation of the coating on the pentagonal texture is less than that of the triangular texture.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) solubility controlled activation of water by atmospheric pressure air spark discharge","authors":"Zhiguo Zhao, Guoqiang Liu, Guofeng Li, Weiyuan Ni, Dongping Liu","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581789/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581789/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The activation of water by the atmospheric pressure air plasma is involved in the diffusion of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in air and water, their gas-phase and liquid-phase reactions, and their dissolution and evaporation. In this study, by generating the air spark discharge over the surface of water, we have evaluated the chemical and biological reactivities of direct–plasma treatment (DPT) and remote–plasma treatment (RPT) plasma-activated water (PAW) at different water temperatures. We have found that DPT-PAW is much more effective in increasing both the chemical and biological reactivities of PAW than RPT-PAW, and decreasing the water temperature from 40°C to 6°C leads to rapid activation of water. Our analysis shows that when the water temperature varies from 6°C to 40°C, the activation of water by the air discharge is RONS solubility controlled, and the gas-phase and liquid-phase RONS diffusion and chemical reactions are not the controlling steps during the activation of water. The direct plasma treatment of water at a relatively low temperature contributes to an obvious increase in the RONS solubility, thus a rapid activation of DPT-PAW.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer and extension of experience from urban heavy rain flood risk warning","authors":"Thomas Einfalt, Alrun Jasper-Tönnies, Bruno Castro","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3398604/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3398604/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The high variability of local intense rainfall events and the short response time of flow in urban catchments demand improved methods in flood warning systems. A key aspect of success is the improvement of short-term forecasts of heavy rainfall by combining ensembles of radar nowcasts with numerical weather prediction ensembles. This paper presents results from this approach in the context of the urban fluvial water management and flood warning system in Hamburg since 2019 and extends its conclusions to other application fields. New challenges from this operational context are being investigated in another research project focusing on the city of Hanover. The topics of improved spatial rainfall data resolution, use of ensemble information from radar nowcasts for pluvial flood warning in connection with sewer load and possible solutions for real-time applications in the urban context are tackled. Experiences from both projects illustrate the importance of applying real-time measurements and ensemble forecasts in connection with a clear open information strategy. Data quality and resolution are crucial aspects in this context, making the combination of different data sources potentially significant for improving the outcome.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular E-Learning in Mainland China: results of the e-Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic (EL-COVID) study","authors":"Oana Bartos, Nikolaos Patelis, Zaiping Jing, Jiaxuan Feng, Matthias Trenner, Paulo Eduardo Ocke Reis, Nyityasmono Tri Nugroho, Stephane Elkouri, Lamisse Karam, Mihai Ionac, Marton Berczeli, Vincent Jongkind, Kak Khee Yeung, Athanasios Katsargyris, Efthymios Avgerinos, Demetrios Moris, Andrew Choong, Jun Jie Ng, Ivan Cvjetko, George A. Antoniou, Phillipe Ghibu, Alexei Svetlikov, Fernando Gallardo Pedrajas, Harm Ebben, Hubert Stepak, Sviatoslav Kostiv, Stefano Ancetti, Akli Mekkar, Leonid Magnitskiy, Liliana Fidalgo Domingos","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3407554/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3407554/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: With the onset of the COVID 19 pandemic, digitalization came to the forefront of education delivery and continuous professional development took place predominantly online. We investigate the relevance of e-Learning in the vascular surgery community in mainland People’s Republic of China (PRC) and address the regional variability in comparison with the international community Methods: The international EL-COVID survey took place online from June 15, 2020 to October 15, 2020. We subtracted and analyzed the data from the PRC participants. Results: From 84 different countries, PRC had the largest contribution to the EL-COVID study (n = 109, 12.7%). Most of the Chinese responders were experienced vascular surgeons (73.39% vs. 53.81%; p=0.0001) and attended more than four eL activities (52.29% vs. 54.08%; not significant). Female vascular surgeons were underrepresented: 7.33% vs. 23.15%; p=0.0002. While participation at international activities did not vary, attendance at national eL activities was reduced (27.52% vs. 73.62%, p<0.0001). Obtaining official accreditation/CME points was relevant in choosing what eL opportunities to attend. Employers were less supportive of participation during working hours (17.43% vs. 46.52%; p<0,0001). eL opportunities were mainly promoted on social media (44.04% vs. 27.17%; p=0.0003) and to a lesser degree through direct contact from national/international societies (27.52% vs. 39.49%; p=0.016). Conclusion: As in other countries, eL is gaining relevance in the vascular surgery community of PRC. Adequate support as well as improving the dissemination strategy of national societies are needed to meet the demands of the modern vascular surgeon.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Venous Thromboembolism Plasma and Red Blood Cell Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Potential New Early Diagnostic Biomarkers: observational clinical study","authors":"Claudia Febra, Joana Saraiva, Fátima Vaz, Joao Macedo, Hamza Mohammad Al-Hroub, Mohammad H Semreen, Rui Maio, Vitor Gil, Nelson Soares, Deborah Penque","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3507783/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3507783/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background:Venous thromboembolism(VTE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. The diagnosis of acute VTE is still based on complex imaging exams due to the lack of biomarkers. Moreover, studies assessing the diagnostic capacity of novel metabolomics biomarkers in VTE are scarce. Our aim was to determine whether patients with acute VTE have differences in the metabolomic profile from plasma and red blood cells (RBCs). Methods: This observational trial included 62 patients with clinical suspicion of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) admitted to the emergency room (ER). After gold standard imaging exams, we analysed the plasma and RBCs from 50 acute VTE and 12 nonacute VTE patients. We performed a metabolomics study and used mixed-effects modelling to compare the differences in metabolites. Results:The plasma metabolome had a suboptimal capability for differentiating between the presence or absence of acute VTE, with 23 significantly different molecules, but with ‘good’ performance for the best ROC curves. The metabolic pathway of D-glutamine and D-glutamate had the strongest impact on the acute VTE phenotype ( p = 0.001, false discovery rate = 0.06). RBCs revealed a consistent metabolomic signature of acute VTE. Among the 23 differentially abundant metabolites, we found 3 high-performance ROC curves with an area under the curve (AUC) higher than 0.9, including adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate (0.983), glutathione (0.923), and adenine (0.91). The metabolic set most impacting the differences observed was purine metabolism ( p = 0.000354, false discovery rate = 0.68). Conclusions:Our findings show that metabolite differences exist between acute VTE and nonacute VTE patients admitted to the ER in the early phases. Three potential biomarkers obtained from RBCs showed high performance for acute VTE diagnosis. Further studies should investigate accessible laboratory methods for the future daily practice usefulness of these metabolites for the early diagnosis of acute VTE in the ER.","PeriodicalId":500086,"journal":{"name":"Research Square (Research Square)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}