Journal of the History of the Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"The Idea of Epilepsy: A Medical and Social History of Epilepsy in the Modern Era (1860–2020)","authors":"F. Brigo","doi":"10.1080/0964704x.2023.2244402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704x.2023.2244402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Victor Horsley: The World’s First Neurosurgeon and His Conscience","authors":"U. Neubauer","doi":"10.1080/0964704x.2023.2231294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704x.2023.2231294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49581388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 'worm' in our brain. An anatomical, historical, and philological study on the vermis cerebelli.","authors":"Klaus F Steinsiepe","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2022.2146515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2022.2146515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell doctrine-the theory of ventricular localization of the mental faculties-includes Galen's idea of a locking or valve mechanism between the middle and the rear ventricle. The anatomical substrate was the vermiform epiphysis, known today as the <i>vermis cerebelli</i>. This entity played a significant role in brain physiology even though its appearance, texture, and location changed over time. This article tells the story of the \"worm's\" transformation from Galen to Vesalius and beyond. Until the time of Albertus Magnus (c. 1200-1280 ce), the worm corresponded to the <i>vermis cerebelli</i>. From the beginning of the fourteenth century, under the influence of Mondino's <i>Anothomia</i>, the worm referred to the choroid plexus in the anterior ventricles; its Galenic heritage was abandoned. Contemporaneous illustrations confirm this anterograde movement. The contributions of post-Galenic natural philosophers and pre-Vesalian anatomists to this development are discussed. Today, the worm can serve as an example for different viewpoints and often deadlocked doctrines (religious, philosophic, scientific). In tracing beliefs about the worm from the Greeks to the Arabs and back to the Latin West, this article follows the history of neuroanatomy in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":"32 3","pages":"265-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9672350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What caused Joan of Arc's neuropsychiatric symptoms? Medical hypotheses from 1882 to 2016.","authors":"Barbara Schildkrout","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2023.2171799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2023.2171799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between 1882 and 2016, the medical literature offered a variety of etiologic hypotheses to explain Joan of Arc's voices, visions, and unwavering belief that she was the instrument of God. Although Joan lived from 1412 to 1431, there is extensive primary documentation of her life, including transcripts of her testimony during the Trial of Condemnation. Once this source material was compiled and made available, physician-authors began to theorize about Joan's neuropsychiatric symptoms in the context of her remarkable achievements. This article summarizes all papers written by physician-authors about Joan of Arc. The historical flow of diagnostic speculation in the medical literature reflects the cultural context in which it was produced as well as the emergence of novel ideas and new technologies in psychiatry, neurology, and neuropsychiatry. The early literature offered psychological theories and addressed the question of whether Joan was sane. The later literature focused on the possibility that Joan might have had epilepsy, with discussions of seizure etiology and possible cerebral focus, and also reflections on the purview of science as well as spirituality and the brain. This article offers the first comprehensive review of the medical literature about Joan of Arc, making this scholarship more accessible.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":"32 3","pages":"332-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10030899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From hypochondrium to hypochondria.","authors":"Régis Olry","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2023.2165853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2023.2165853","url":null,"abstract":"According to Galen of Pergamon (129–ca. 216), Greek physician Diocles of Carystus (ca 375 BCE–ca. 295 BCE) (Smith 1867, 1011), a pupil of Hippocrates of Kos (ca. 460 BCE–ca. 370 BCE), was the author of the first treatise of (animal) anatomy (Jouanna 1992, 435). But he is mostly credited with a very early description of a kind of gastritis that would be today considered a symptom of hypochondria (Wintrebert 2009, 44). Although retrospective medical diagnosis must always be taken warily, especially when the supposed disease is considered a psychological/psychiatric disorder, it seems that the concept—if not the term—of hypochondria dates back many centuries. Among celebrities of the early first millenium to have been recently diagnosed as probably suffering from hypochondria, one can mention Roman Stoic philosopher Seneca (ca. 4 BCE–65 CE), who has been described as a “malade imaginaire” (Courtil 2012) and even as the “greatest hypochondriac of the Antiquity” (Russell 1973, 80). Others include Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121–180; see Whitemore 1977), the Greek orator Publius Aelius Aristides Theodorus (117–181), and Byzantine Archbishop Theophylact of Ohrid (ca. 1050–ca. 1107; see Jouanno 2002).","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":"32 3","pages":"373-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9675623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Venae spermaticae post aures</i>: The early modern angiology-neurology of virility.","authors":"Diederik F Janssen","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2023.2179406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2023.2179406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The famous discussion of Scythian cross-dressers in Hippocrates' <i>Airs Waters Places</i> (<i>Aer</i>.) 22 puzzled perhaps most medieval and Renaissance medical authorities. The text wrestled with a pre-Hippocratic, encephalocentric theory of spermatogenesis. Modern reception of the convoluted hypothesis put forward here gradually distilled three etiologies of failing virility: impotence, subfertility, and unmanliness. A gradual shift is discernable from increasingly Galenic neuro-andrological theories (sixteenth century) to neuropsychiatric (late-seventeenth through eighteenth century), phrenological and psychopathological (early- and late-nineteenth century), and finally early psycho-endocrinological (early-twentieth century) ideas about masculinity. <i>Aer</i>. 22 was a ubiquitously recurring reference across all of these episodes, indeed well beyond medicine, rendering it a highly sensitive index of change in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric thinking. The pre-Enlightenment, neurology-centric onset of this extended modern history of sexual/gender medicine is briefly discussed, as well as its phrenological afterlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":"32 3","pages":"357-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10030917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illustrating insanity: Allan McLane Hamilton, <i>Types of Insanity</i>, and physiognomy in late nineteenth-century American medicine.","authors":"Sebastian C Galbo,&nbsp;Keith C Mages","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2022.2162343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2022.2162343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the divisive reception history of American psychiatrist and neurologist Alexander McLane Hamilton's physiognomy publication, <i>Types of Insanity</i> (1883). By analyzing 23 book reviews published in late-nineteenth-century medical journals, the authors present a bibliographic case study that traces the mixed professional reactions to Hamilton's work, thus revealing the fraught nature of physiognomy in the American medical community. In effect, the authors argue that the interprofessional disagreements that emerged among journal reviewers indicate the nascent efforts of psychiatrists and neurologists to oppose physiognomy in the interest of professionalization. By extension, the authors emphasize the historical value of book reviews and reception literature. Often overlooked as ephemera, book reviews register the shifting ideologies, temperaments, and attitudes of an era's readership.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":"32 3","pages":"301-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9675220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nervous Fictions: Literary Form and the Enlightenment Origins of Neuroscience","authors":"S. Finger","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2023.2193530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2023.2193530","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"512 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44686316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Hughlings Jackson: Clinical Neurology, Evolution, and Victorian Brain Science","authors":"D. Lanska","doi":"10.1080/0964704x.2023.2193531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704x.2023.2193531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42246401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neurosciences at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen.","authors":"Heinz Wässle,&nbsp;Sascha Topp","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2021.2021704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2021.2021704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Biophysical Chemistry (Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer Institute) was founded in 1971 in Göttingen. Two of the 11 departments at the institute had a neuroscientific focus. Otto D. Creutzfeldt (1927-1992) and Victor P. Whittaker (1919-2016) were directors of the Neurobiological and Neurochemical Departments, respectively. Creutzfeldt's department researched the structure and function of the cerebral cortex, and Whittaker's department concentrated on the biochemical analysis of synapses and synaptic vesicles. Creutzfeldt and Whittaker were already internationally respected scientists when they were appointed to Göttingen. The next generation of departmental directors, Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann, were \"home-grown\" researchers from the institute and, during their time as junior group leaders, they developed the so-called patch clamp technique, with which they were able to measure single ion channels in nerve cells. This technique revolutionized neurophysiology, and Neher and Sakmann were awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in this area. Neher was appointed director of the Membrane Biophysics Department in 1983 and, since then, his department has mainly examined the role of Ca²⁺ in the release of neurotransmitters at synapses and in the secretion of catecholamines from chromaffin cells. From 1985, Sakmann was director of the Cell Physiology Department, and his laboratory concentrated on the molecular and physiological characterization of transmitter receptors in postsynaptic membranes. In 1989, he was appointed to the MPI for Medical Research in Heidelberg. Reinhard Jahn became director of the Neurobiology Department in 1997, researching the molecular mechanisms of the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic terminals, and he discovered several proteins associated with the synaptic vesicles. With their work, Neher, Sakmann, and Jahn have made the MPI for Biophysical Chemistry one of the world's leading research centers for the transmission of signals at synapses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":"32 2","pages":"173-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9794727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}