Journal of the History of the Neurosciences最新文献_第2页

Charcot's international visitors and pupils from Europe, the United States, and Russia. 夏尔科的国际访客和来自欧洲、美国和俄罗斯的学生。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2350921

Emmanuel Broussolle, Edward H Reynolds, Peter J Koehler, Julien Bogousslavsky, Olivier Walusinski, Francesco Brigo, Lorenzo Lorusso, François Boller

{"title":"Charcot's international visitors and pupils from Europe, the United States, and Russia.","authors":"Emmanuel Broussolle, Edward H Reynolds, Peter J Koehler, Julien Bogousslavsky, Olivier Walusinski, Francesco Brigo, Lorenzo Lorusso, François Boller","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2350921","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2350921","url":null,"abstract":"The foundation by Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) of the Salpêtrière School in Paris had an influential role in the development of neurology during the late-nineteenth century. The international aura of Charcot attracted neurologists from all parts of the world. We here present the most representative European, American, and Russian young physicians who learned from Charcot during their tutoring or visit in Paris or Charcot's travels outside France. These include neurologists from Great Britain and Ireland, the United States, Germany and Austria, Switzerland, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands, Scandinavia and Finland, Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, and Romania. Particularly emblematic among the renowned foreign scientists who met and/or learned from Charcot were Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard, who had interactions with Paris University and contributed to the early development of British and American neurological schools; John Hughlings Jackson, who was admired by Charcot and influenced French neurology similarly as Charcot did on British neurology; Silas Weir Mitchell, the pioneer in American neurology; Sigmund Freud, who was trained by Charcot to study patients with hysteria and then, back in Vienna, founded a new discipline called psychoanalysis; Aleksej Yakovlevich Kozhevnikov and almost all the founders of the Russian institutes of neurology who were instructed in Paris; and Georges Marinesco, who established the Romanian school of neurology and did major contributions thanks to his valuable relation with Charcot and French neurology.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"206-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charcot's interest in faith healing. 沙尔科对信仰疗法的兴趣。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2408918

A J Lees

引用次数: 0

Remarkable things: Visual evidence and excess at Charcot's Salpêtrière. 了不起的东西：沙尔科的 Salpêtrière 的视觉证据和过度。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2370745

Natasha Ruiz-Gómez

{"title":"Remarkable things: Visual evidence and excess at Charcot's Salpêtrière.","authors":"Natasha Ruiz-Gómez","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2370745","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2370745","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) pioneered the use of visual aids in his lectures at the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière. He deployed photographs, casts, diagrams, graphs, drawings, lantern slides, and even patients to help the audience understand his innovative diagnoses, but that same visual imagery also informed his own conceptualizations of pathology. Charcot, whom Sigmund Freud famously called a \"visuel,\" made drawings of his patients and their autopsied organs while also encouraging the art-making of his many collaborators and protégés at the Salpêtrière in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Their \"scientific artworks\" epitomize the entanglement of art and medical science at the hospital. This article examines the role of visual media in diagnosing pathology under Charcot's aegis, bringing to light images and objects that catalogue the case of Ambroise Bourdy. Here was a perfect example of the male hysteric, according to Charcot: a \"robust\" blacksmith and father who developed a hysterical contracture after a workplace injury. In 1882, Charcot's Salpêtrière colleagues-including Dr. Henri Parinaud, Dr. Paul Richer, Louis Loreau, and Albert Londe-tested Bourdy's eyes, made drawings and a cast of his contracted left hand, and photographed him in various poses. The surfeit of visual imagery of Bourdy purports to illustrate traumatic hysteria-however, it more effectively, if unintentionally, reveals a delight in art-making at the Salpêtrière.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"378-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction. 介绍。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2025.2475935

Christopher G Goetz, Emmanuel Broussolle, Mark S Micale, Bruno Dubois

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The Last Voyage of Jean-Martin Charcot. 让·马丁·沙可的最后一次航行。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2415372

Frans Gilson

引用次数: 0

The peripheral nerve: A neglected topic in Charcot's neurological work. 周围神经：沙尔科神经学著作中一个被忽视的主题。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2388515

Laurent Tatu, Julien Bogousslavsky

{"title":"The peripheral nerve: A neglected topic in Charcot's neurological work.","authors":"Laurent Tatu, Julien Bogousslavsky","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2388515","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2388515","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) did not show much interest in the peripheral nervous system and its associated pathologies. He found it difficult to place the peripheral nerve within his classification of disorders; it appeared to be an exception to his theories. Even the pathology that he described in 1886 with Pierre Marie (1853-1940), at the same time as Henry Tooth (1856-1925), and which is now known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, was considered by Charcot to be a potential myelopathy. Charcot, like other physicians, paid little heed to the observations made by Louis Duménil (1823-1890) to support the existence of primitive damage to the peripheral nerve. Charcot approached peripheral nerve pathologies through two indirect routes: amyotrophies not explained by spinal or muscular damage, and the trophic cutaneous consequences of what he called névrites (neuritis), the lesional site of which remains debated. It is noteworthy that Charcot's approach to peripheral nervous system disorders differed from that of other neurologists of the same time. Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke (1859-1927) in France was more precise than Charcot in her anatomical and clinical descriptions, and Hugo von Ziemssen (1829-1902) in Germany made effective use of electrodiagnostics. Charcot supported the electrical work of Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875), whom he sometimes presented as one of his mentors. The German physician Wilhelm Erb (1840-1921) developed electrodiagnosis by galvanic and faradic currents. Charcot never made use of Erb's electrological advancements. With his electrophysiologist Romain Vigouroux (1831-1911), Charcot used medical electricity only for electrotherapy in hysteria.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The prominent role of Charcot and the French neurological tradition in Latin America. 沙尔科和法国神经学传统在拉丁美洲的突出作用。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2368446

Hélio A Ghizoni Teive, Carlos Henrique F Camargo

引用次数: 0

Charcot's erroneous double-semidecussation scheme for the retinocortical visual pathways. 沙尔科关于视网膜皮层视觉通路的错误双分割方案。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380640

Douglas J Lanska

{"title":"Charcot's erroneous double-semidecussation scheme for the retinocortical visual pathways.","authors":"Douglas J Lanska","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380640","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380640","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Martin Charcot, often lauded for his seminal contributions, is seldom critiqued for his blunders. One such blunder was his double-semidecussation scheme for the retinocortical visual pathways, proposed in 1875 to explain, on neuroanatomic grounds, cases of hysteria that manifest hysterical amblyopia accompanied with ipsilateral hemianaesthesia. Charcot's scheme was inconsistent with the older, broadly correct scheme of Prussian ophthalmologist Albrecht von Gräfe. Charcot failed to perform clinicopathologic correlation studies. His analysis relied on a series of mistaken conclusions he made in conjunction with Swiss-French ophthalmologist Edmund Landolt: (1) only an optic tract lesion could produce a homonymous hemianopsia; (2) cerebral lesions, if they ever produced homonymous hemianopsia, did so by secondary effects (e.g. pressure) on the optic tracts; and (3) damage to the cortical projections from the lateral geniculate produces a crossed amblyopia. Challenges to Charcot's theory came from within France by 1880. By 1882, Charcot recognized that his scheme was erroneous, and he approved a thesis by his pupil Charles Féré that reverted to Gräfe's scheme with an ill-conceived modification to accommodate Charcot's concept of hysterical cerebral amblyopia. A critique by American neurologist Moses Starr in 1884 argued for Gräfe's scheme and refuted Charcot's erroneous scheme and its subsequent derivatives.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"154-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male hysteria in theory and practice: Analyzing patient records of the Tartu Psychiatric Hospital (Estonia), 1881-1895. 男性癔病的理论与实践：分析塔尔图精神病院（爱沙尼亚）的病人记录，1881-1895 年。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2422052

Anu Rae

{"title":"Male hysteria in theory and practice: Analyzing patient records of the Tartu Psychiatric Hospital (Estonia), 1881-1895.","authors":"Anu Rae","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2422052","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2422052","url":null,"abstract":"During 1881-1895, a small number of male patients-18 in total-were diagnosed with hysteria at the University of Tartu Psychiatric Hospital. Rather than constituting an obscure psychiatric institution on the margins of European medical traditions, Tartu during these years witnessed the arrival of several influential psychiatrists: Hermann Emminghaus (1845-1904), Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), and Vladimir Chizh (1855-1922). Yet, when comparing patient case records of male hysteria written by doctors who also published journal articles and medical textbooks on the topic, one can detect a clear inconsistency between the theory and practice of psychiatry at an important moment of its formation. Contrary to the simplified characterizations in the textbooks, there was no uniform formulation of male hysteria in the case records. The clinical description differed remarkably, throughout the career of individual doctors, between symptomology presented in a textbook and clinical picture described in a patient record, and between different doctors who practiced in the same clinic during this 15-year period. This study highlights the importance of using patient case records in conjunction with a formal medical treatise to provide new insights and nuances to the intellectual history of hysteria, but also other diagnoses and clinical practice more broadly.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"288-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charcot as a collector and critic of the arts: Relationship of the 'founder of neurology' with various aspects of art. 夏科特作为收藏家和艺术评论家：“神经学的创始人”与艺术的各个方面的关系。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2439234

François Boller, Julien Bogousslavsky

{"title":"Charcot as a collector and critic of the arts: Relationship of the 'founder of neurology' with various aspects of art.","authors":"François Boller, Julien Bogousslavsky","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2439234","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2439234","url":null,"abstract":"In his teaching, Charcot often used artistic representations from previous centuries to illustrate the historical developments of various conditions, particularly hysteria, mainly with the help of his pupil Paul Richer. Charcot liked to draw portraits and sketches of colleagues during boring faculty meetings and students' examinations, including caricatures of himself and others, church sculptures, landscapes, soldiers, and so on. He also used this skill in his clinical and scientific work. He drew histological or anatomic specimens, as well as patients' features and demeanor. His most daring artistic experiments were drawing under the influence of hashish. Charcot's tastes in art were conservative; he displayed little interest for the avant-gardes of his time, including impressionism, or for contemporary musicians, such as César Franck or Hector Berlioz. The pamphleteer Léon Daudet described Charcot's home as a pseudo-gothic kitsch accumulation of heteroclite pieces of furniture and materials. However, he taught medicine not only as a science but also as an art, a style that has now been almost universally forgotten.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"310-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0