Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand最新文献

{"title":"Seen but unheard: navigating turbulent waters as Māori and Pacific postgraduate students in STEM","authors":"Tara McAllister (Te Aitanga a Māhaki), Sereana Naepi (Naitasiri/Palagi), Leilani Walker (Whakatōhea), Ashlea Gillon (Ngāti Awa, Ngāpuhi, Ngāiterangi), Patricia Clark (Ngāpuhi), Emma Lambert (Ngāti Mutunga, Ngāti Tama), A. McCambridge, Channell Thoms (Ngāi Tahu -Ngāti Kurī, Ngāi Tūhoe), Jordan Housiaux (Ātiawa ki Whakarongotai, Ngāti Toa, Ngāt, Hanareia Ehau-Taumaunu (Ngāti Uepōhatu, Ngāti Porou, Te Āti, Charlotte Joy Waikauri Connell (Atihaunui a Pāpārangi, Ngāti Tam, Rawiri Keenan (Te Atiawa, Taranaki), Kristie-Lee Thomas (Ngāti Mutunga o Wharekauri, Te Ātiawa, Ngā, Amy Maslen-Miller (Samoan), Morgan Tupaea (Ngāti Koata, Ngāti Tiipa, Ngāti Kuia, Te A, Kate Mauriohooho (Ngāti Raukawa ki Wharepuhunga, Ngāti , Christopher Puli'uvea, Hannah Rapata (Kāi Tahu), Sally Akevai Nicholas (Ngā Pū Toru -'Avaiki Nui), Rere-No-A-Rangi Pope (Ngā Ruahine), S. A. F. Kaufononga, Kiri Reihana (Nga Puhi, Te Rarawa, Te Whakatōhea, Ngai , Kane Fleury (Te Atiawa, Taranaki), Nathan Camp (Samoan), Georgia Mae Rangikahiwa Carson (","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2097710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2097710","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The experiences of Māori and Pacific postgraduate students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) offer insights into how universities, particularly science faculties, currently underserve Māori and Pacific people. This article shares the experiences of 43 current or past postgraduate students at New Zealand universities. Collectively, our stories offer insight into how representation, the white imprint, space invaders/stranger making, and institutional habits, specifically operate to exclude and devalue Māori and Pacific postgraduates in STEM. We provide new understandings of the white imprint (rewarding and incentivising white behaviour), where Māori and Pacific postgraduates were prevented from being their authentic selves. Importantly, this research documents how Māori and Pacific postgraduates experience excess labour because of institutional habits. This research also provides insight into how the science funding system results in superficial and unethical inclusion of Māori and Pacific postgraduates. Our stories provide persuasive evidence that the under-representation of Māori and Pacific in STEM will not be addressed by simply bolstering university enrolments. Instead, our stories highlight the urgent requirement for universities to change the STEM learning environment which continues to be violent and culturally unsafe for Māori and Pacific postgraduates.","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"52 1","pages":"116 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48446536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory compliance of online vendor selling dental whitening products in New Zealand.","authors":"Christina Oude-Alink, Haizal Mohd Hussaini, Benedict Seo, Fiona Firth","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2108070","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2108070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, numerous over-the-counter (OTC) tooth whitening products have become available online to meet the demand of consumers wanting a convenient way to whiten their smile. This study investigated whether websites selling OTC whitening products containing hydrogen peroxide to New Zealanders are complying with hazardous substance laws set by the New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). The search engine 'Google' was used to identify websites selling and shipping OTC whitening products to New Zealand. Data were collected from these websites and analysed. A total of 24 New Zealand based (<i>n</i> = 16) and overseas (<i>n</i> = 8) websites were included. Of these, 12 (50%) provided an ingredients list, 1 (4%) mentioned all precautionary statements required by the EPA, and 21 (88%) met the EPA restrictions for supply and application of a hazardous substance. 11 (46%) warned of tooth sensitivity as a potential side-effect and 8 (33%) gave a warning for gingival irritation. Fewer than half (42%) recommended consulting a dental professional before using their product. Over-the-counter tooth whitening products being sold online to New Zealanders may be breaching conditions of the EPA and putting New Zealanders at risk. Legislative changes should be considered to ensure that companies' websites are providing correct precautionary statements.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41585804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational and collective excellence: unfolding the potential of Pacific early career researchers","authors":"Jean M. Uasike Allen, J. L. Bennett, Zaramasina L. Clark, Kirita-Rose Escott, D. Fa’avae, Jasmine Lulani Kaulamatoa, Rachael Kaulamatoa, Taniela Lolohea, Melemafi Porter, Veisinia Pulu, Sylvia Tapuke, Yvonne Ualesi, Solema Elspeth Withers, V. Woolner","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2093228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2093228","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As Pacific early career researchers (ECRs), relational interconnections and engagement are at the heart of our collective responsibilities to each other. Although we share a mutual responsibility to our research communities (in academia and industry), each Pacific ECR is unique in our field of research and genealogical connections to the Pacific. This paper engages the Indigenous story work methodology to capture, negotiate, and make meaningful links between our research experiences and relational excellence. This methodological approach reveals thematic elements of respect, responsibility, reciprocity, reverence, holism, interrelatedness, and synergy are woven throughout the paper to highlight our collective va-relationality and potential as ECRs. Our collaborative approach to defining and engaging with Pacific research creates new and innovative possibilities for Indigenous and Pacific research excellence.","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"52 1","pages":"75 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48450071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer vision in aquaculture: a case study of juvenile fish counting.","authors":"Krishna Moorthy Babu, Daniel Bentall, David T Ashton, Morgan Puklowski, Warren Fantham, Harris T Lin, Nicholas P L Tuckey, Maren Wellenreuther, Linley K Jesson","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2101484","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2101484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In aquaculture breeding or production programmes, counting juvenile fish represents a considerable cost in terms of the human hours needed. In this study, we explored the use of two state-of-the-art machine learning architectures (Single Shot Detection, hereafter SSD and Faster Regions with convolutional neural networks, hereafter Faster R-CNN) to augment a manual image-based juvenile fish counting method for the Australasian snapper (<i>Chrysophrys auratus</i>) bred at The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited. We tested model accuracy after tuning for confidence thresholds and non-maximal suppression overlap parameters, and implementing a bias correction using a Poisson regression model. Validation of image data showed that after tuning, bias-corrected SSD and Faster R-CNN models had mean absolute percent errors (MAPE) of less than 10%, with SSD having MAPE of less than 5%. Comparison of the results with those from manual counts showed that, while manual counts are slightly more accurate (MAPE = 1.56), the machine learning methods allow for more rapid assessment of counts and thus facilitating a higher throughput. This work represents a first step for deploying machine learning applications to an existing real-life aquaculture scenario and provides a useful starting point for further developments, such as real-time counting of fish or collecting additional phenotypic data from the source images.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"52-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49589306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Zealand Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Study (FTDGeNZ): a longitudinal study of pre-symptomatic biomarkers.","authors":"Brigid Ryan, Ashleigh O'Mara Baker, Christina Ilse, Kiri L Brickell, Hannah M Kersten, Joanna M Williams, Donna Rose Addis, Lynette J Tippett, Maurice A Curtis","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2101483","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2101483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The New Zealand Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Study (FTDGeNZ) is an emerging longitudinal study of a large New Zealand pedigree with genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Natural history studies of genetic FTD cohorts provide a unique opportunity to identify biomarkers of pre-symptomatic dementia, as carriers can be identified and studied decades before expected symptom onset. FTDGeNZ was established in 2016 with the aim of identifying the earliest pre-symptomatic biomarkers of FTD, in collaboration with international multi-centre cohorts. We enrolled 25 participants from a single family between April 2016 and August 2018. Participants were genotyped to determine whether they were pre-symptomatic carriers of the mutation (MAPT IVS 10 + 16 C > T), or non-carrier controls. Participants have undergone clinical assessments including neuropsychological and mood assessment; olfactory testing; assessment of social cognition; and blood collection for analyses of microRNA and protein fluid biomarkers annually. We have also performed structural and functional MRI of the brain and assessment of autobiographical memory biennially, and retinal imaging at baseline. Here, we describe the full study protocol and the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the FTDGeNZ cohort, and we highlight the latest findings in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"511-531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44853940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health, work, and retirement study: representing experiences of later life in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Joanne Allen, Fiona M Alpass, Andy Towers, Brendan Stevenson, Ágnes Szabó, Mary Breheny, Christine Stephens","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2099911","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2099911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults represent a large and growing section of Aotearoa New Zealand's population. Longitudinal research on experiences of later life enables understanding of both the capabilities with which people are ageing, and their determinants. The Health, Work, and Retirement (HWR) study has to date conducted eight biennial longitudinal postal surveys of health and well-being with older people (<i>n</i> = 11,601 respondents; 49.4% of Māori descent). Survey data are linked at the individual-level to other modes of data collection, including cognitive assessments, life course history interviews, and national health records. This article describes the HWR study and its potential to support our understanding of ageing in Aotearoa New Zealand. We present an illustrative analysis of data collected to date, using indicators of physical health-related functional ability from <i>n</i> = 10,728 adults aged 55-80 to describe mean trajectories of physical ability with age, by birth cohort and gender. As the original participant cohort recruited in 2006 reach ages 71-86 in 2022, future directions for study include expanding the study's core longitudinal measures to include follow-up assessments of cognitive functioning to understand factors predicting cognitive decline, and linkage to national datasets to identify population-level profiles of risk for conditions such as frailty.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"532-547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Kia Tika, Kia Pono - Honouring Truths</i>: ensuring the participatory rights of tamariki and rangatahi who are care experienced.","authors":"Susan P Kemp, Hunia Te Urukaiata Mackay Ngāti Toa Rangatira Ngāti Koata Ngāti Rangitihi Rongowhakaata, Michelle Egan-Bitran, Paula Toko King Te Aupōuri Te Rarawa Ngāpuhi Ngāti Whātua Waikato-Tainui Ngāti Maniapoto, Amanda Smith, Shana Valente, Carmel West, Tupua Urlich, Zak Quor, Jennifer Prapaiporn Thonrithi, Kiri Phillips, Carolyn Phillips, Isaac Heron, Saron Bekele, Stanley Baldwin","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2094968","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2094968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides an overview of '<i>Kia Tika, Kia Pono - Honouring Truths</i>' (Te Rōpū Arotahi 2022), an ethical framework to guide engagement with tamariki (children) and rangatahi (young people) who are care experienced (that is, who currently or at some stage in their lives have been in foster or residential care). Centring the voices and priorities of rangatahi with care experience, <i>'</i>Kia Tika, Kia Pono' is intended for use by organisations and others working across the range of sectors and services that seek to engage tamariki and rangatahi who are care experienced in governance, policy making, service design, media or research. Its purpose is to ensure that these efforts are ethical, meaningful, and culturally safe. Grounded in Te Tiriti o Waitangi and participatory rights frameworks, 'Kia Tika, Kia Pono' is responsive to the cultural context of New Zealand. It is also distinctive in its centring of rangatahi with care experience as both knowledge-holders and knowledge-creators. In summarising the key elements of the 'Kia Tika, Kia Pono' framework, we also draw upon our insights from the research process regarding participatory practice with rangatahi with care experience. <b>Kupu Māori/glossary of Māori words:</b> Aroha: love, compassion, empathy; hapū: kinship group, sub-tribe, sub-nation, to be pregnant; hui: gathering, meeting, assembly, seminar, conference; iwi: extended kinship group, tribe, nation, people, bone; kai: food, meal; karakia: incantation; a set form of words to state or make effective a ritual activity; kaupapa: purpose, agenda; koha gift; especially one maintaining social relationships and has connotations of reciprocity; korowai: ornamented cloak; mana: spiritually sanctioned or endorsed influence, power, and authority; manaakitanga: showing and receiving care, respect, kindness, and hospitality; māramatanga: enlightenment, insight, understanding; mauri: life principle, life force, vital essence; pono: to be absolutely true, unfeigned, genuine; rangatahi: younger generation; rangatira: chiefly, esteemed, leader; tamariki: children; Te Tiriti o Waitangi: the Māori version of the Treaty of Waitangi; tika: what is right/good for any particular situation; tikanga Māori: customary system of values and practices that have been developed over time and are deeply embedded in the social context; tūāpapa: foundation, platform; ūkaipō: a place of nurturing and of spiritual and emotional strength; wairuatanga: spirituality; wānanga: to meet, discuss, deliberate, consider; whanau: to be born, extended family, family group; whanaungatanga: relationship, kinship, sense of family connection; a relationship through shared experiences and working together which provides people with a sense of belonging.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"697-711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47520363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes from the New Zealand Tenancy Tribunal after a review of policy on residential housing methamphetamine contamination.","authors":"Claudia Denisse Sanchez Lozano, Chris Wilkins, Marta Rychert","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2103575","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2103575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The New Zealand policy response to methamphetamine contamination of housing has resulted in reduction of public housing stock, award of significant remediation costs and evictions. The New Zealand Tenancy Tribunal (NZTT) has adjudicated methamphetamine contamination disputes between tenants and landlords without specific guidance in legislation. A 2018 scientific review by the Chief Science Advisor prompted a significant increase in the contamination threshold. To evaluate the outcomes from this policy change, we compared 195 NZTT orders following the threshold increase with 685 orders from before the threshold increase. Landlords remain as major applicants to the NZTT. Cases involving public housing tenancies dramatically decreased from 33% (pre threshold increase) to none. Mention of baseline testing and methamphetamine test results became more prominent after the threshold increase. The average remediation costs decreased from NZ$10,300 to NZ$3,500 per order, perhaps reflecting fewer rooms of houses requiring remediation under the new threshold. Applicants and respondents continued to support their claims based on different scientific thresholds and reports. Discrepancies between adjudicators' interpretations of test results and the threshold to apply continued to generate inconsistencies in NZTT decisions. Legislative and regulatory guidance is still needed to consistently and equitably resolve these disputes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"219-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47281715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing and reconstructing turn-taking in caregiver-infant interactions: a platform for embodied models of early cooperation.","authors":"Mark Sagar, Annette M E Henderson, Martin Takac, Samara Morrison, Alistair Knott, Alecia Moser, Wan-Ting Yeh, Nathan Pages, Khurram Jawed","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2098781","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2098781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite recent advances in AI, building systems that can engage in natural and realistic cooperative interactions with human partners remains a challenge. In this article, we argue that as a precursor to modelling sophisticated cooperation in adults, it's useful to build a model of how cooperation develops in infants. We present a simple initial model of infant cooperation, embodied in BabyX - a hyperrealistic virtual simulation of an 18-month-old infant that can interact with human partners in real time. Our focus in this paper is on cooperative behaviours in the nonverbal domain. The framework for our model of these behaviours is a cognitive model of events and event processing. We detail how cognitive and motor mechanisms in BabyX lead to rudimentary cooperation manifested in nonverbal turn-taking. We introduce a novel empirical paradigm for testing BabyX's model of cooperation, by comparing her interactions with users with 'real' interactions between human infants and their caregivers, which we observed in a detailed empirical study. In this study, we find nonverbal turn-taking in human infant-caregiver interactions, consistent with our BabyX model. This initial model provides the foundation for a comprehensive, and developmentally consistent, model of human cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"148-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental education and hospitalisations among Pacific children: A cross-sectional study using linked administrative data in New Zealand's Integrated Data Infrastructure.","authors":"Jesse Kokaua, Troy Ruhe, Nicholas Bowden, Reremoana Theodore, Seini Jensen, Wilmason Jensen, Debra Sorenson, Rosalina Richards","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2094967","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2094967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For Pacific children in Aotearoa New Zealand under 20 years of age, this study investigates whether parental education is protective in terms of hospitalisations. For 139,686 Pacific and 659,055 other (non-Māori/non-Pacific) children, a population data extract for them and their parents was used from linked 2013 Census, health and demographic data. Binary indicators of incidence of hospitalisations between 1 March 2013 and 28 February 2018 were analysed using modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. The highest parental educational level of either parent ranged from 0 indicating no qualification and increased incrementally to 10 signifying a PhD. Over the study period, 1% of Pacific children were hospitalised in private hospitals and 24% with a potentially avoidable hospitalisation. Highest parental education level was protective for Pacific children, with a single level in parental qualification associated with a small but significantly lower risk of potentially avoidable hospitalisation (RR = 0.97, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), but a higher risk of private hospitalisation (RR = 1.25, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). This finding remained significant, independent from the contribution of increased socioeconomic benefits that accompanied improved education. These findings support ongoing Pacific focused initiatives for promoting continuing education as an investment for the future health of Pacific families.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"615-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44580451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}