Maria João Bessa, Bruno Sarmento, Marta Oliveira, Francisca Rodrigues
{"title":"In vitro data for fire pollutants: contribution of studies using human cell models towards firefighters' occupational.","authors":"Maria João Bessa, Bruno Sarmento, Marta Oliveira, Francisca Rodrigues","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2023.2187909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2023.2187909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Firefighters are the principal line of defense against fires, being at elevated risk of exposure to health-relevant pollutants released during fires and burning processes. Although many biomonitoring studies exist, only a limited number of human <i>in vitro</i> investigations in fire risk assessment are currently available. <i>In vitro</i> studies stand out as valuable tools to assess the toxicity mechanisms involved following exposure to fire pollutants at a cellular level. The aim of the present review was to contextualize existing <i>in vitro</i> studies using human cell models exposed to chemicals emitted from fire emissions and wood smoke and discuss the implications of the observed toxic outcomes on adverse health effects detected in firefighters. Most of the reported <i>in vitro</i> investigations focused on monocultures respiratory models and exposure to particulate matter (PM) extracts collected from fire effluents. Overall, (1) a decrease in cellular viability, (2) enhanced oxidative stress, (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and (4) elevated cell death frequencies were noted. However, limited information remains regarding the toxicity mechanisms initiated by firefighting activities. Hence, more studies employing advanced <i>in vitro</i> models and exposure systems using human cell lines are urgently needed taking into consideration different routes of exposure and health-related pollutants released from fires. Data are needed to establish and define firefighters' occupational exposure limits and to propose mitigation strategies to promote beneficial human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"26 4","pages":"238-255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9287240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paola Briñez-Gallego, Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva, Marcos Freitas Cordeiro, Ana Paula Horn, Mariana Appel Hort
{"title":"Experimental models of chemically induced Parkinson's disease in zebrafish at the embryonic larval stage: a systematic review.","authors":"Paola Briñez-Gallego, Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva, Marcos Freitas Cordeiro, Ana Paula Horn, Mariana Appel Hort","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2023.2182390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2023.2182390","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that results in a decrease in dopamine levels, resulting in motor-type disturbances. Different vertebrate models, such as rodents and fish, have been used to study PD. In recent decades, Danio rerio (zebrafish) has emerged as a potential model for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases due to its homology to the nervous system of humans. In this context, this systematic review aimed to identify publications that reported the utilization of neurotoxins as an experimental model of parkinsonism in zebrafish embryos and larvae. Ultimately, 56 articles were identified by searching three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Seventeen studies using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 4 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), 24 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 6 paraquat/diquat, 2 rotenone, and 6 articles using other types of unusual neurotoxins to induce PD were selected. Neurobehavioral function, such as motor activity, dopaminergic neuron markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, and other relevant parameters in the zebrafish embryo-larval model were examined. In summary, this review provides information to help researchers determine which chemical model is suitable to study experimental parkinsonism, according to the effects induced by neurotoxins in zebrafish embryos and larvae.","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"26 4","pages":"201-237"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9226322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vera Maria Ferrão Vargas, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior, Tatiana da Silva Pereira, Cristiane Silva da Silva, Mariana Vieira Coronas
{"title":"A comprehensive overview of genotoxicity and mutagenicity associated with outdoor air pollution exposure in Brazil.","authors":"Vera Maria Ferrão Vargas, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior, Tatiana da Silva Pereira, Cristiane Silva da Silva, Mariana Vieira Coronas","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2023.2175092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2023.2175092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examined the mutagenicity and genotoxicity associated with exposure to outdoor air pollutants in Brazil. A search was performed on the Web of Science database using a combination of keywords that resulted in 134 articles. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 75 articles were obtained. The articles were classified into three categories: (1) studies with plants and animals, (2) <i>in vitro</i> studies, and (3) human biomonitoring. The investigations were conducted in 11 of 27 Brazilian states with the highest prevalence in the southeast and south regions. Only 5 investigations focused on the effects of burning biomass on the quality of outdoor air. Plants, especially <i>Tradescantia pallida</i>, were the main air pollution biomonitoring tool. When available, a significant association between levels of air pollutants and genetic damage was described. Among the <i>in vitro</i> studies, <i>Salmonella</i>/microsome is the most used test to evaluate mutagenesis of outdoor air in Brazil (<i>n</i> = 26). Human biomonitoring studies were the least frequent category (<i>n</i> = 18). Most of the investigations utilized micronucleus bioassay, in oral mucosa cells (<i>n</i> = 15) and lymphocytes (<i>n</i> = 5), and the comet assay (<i>n</i> = 6). The analysis in this study points to the existence of gaps in genotoxicity studies and our findings indicate that future studies need to address the variety of potential sources of pollution existing in Brazil. In addition to extent of the impacts, consideration should be given to the enormous Brazilian biodiversity, as well as the determination of the role of socioeconomic inequality of the population in the observed outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"26 3","pages":"172-199"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9111420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomonitoring of firefighting forces: a review on biomarkers of exposure to health-relevant pollutants released from fires.","authors":"Bela Barros, Marta Oliveira, Simone Morais","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2023.2172119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2023.2172119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational exposure as a firefighter has recently been classified as a carcinogen to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Biomonitoring has been increasingly used to characterize exposure of firefighting forces to contaminants. However, available data are dispersed and information on the most relevant and promising biomarkers in this context of firefighting is missing. This review presents a comprehensive summary and critical appraisal of existing biomarkers of exposure including volatile organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, several other persistent other organic pollutants as well as heavy metals and metalloids detected in biological fluids of firefighters attending different fire scenarios. Urine was the most characterized matrix, followed by blood. Firefighters exhaled breath and saliva were poorly evaluated. Overall, biological levels of compounds were predominantly increased in firefighters after participation in firefighting activities. Biomonitoring studies combining different biomarkers of exposure and of effect are currently limited but exploratory findings are of high interest. However, biomonitoring still has some unresolved major limitations since reference or recommended values are not yet established for most biomarkers. In addition, half-lives values for most of the biomarkers have thus far not been defined, which significantly hampers the design of studies. These limitations need to be tackled urgently to improve risk assessment and support implementation of better more effective preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"26 3","pages":"127-171"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9422938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria João Bessa, Fátima Brandão, Fernanda Rosário, Luciana Moreira, Ana Teresa Reis, Vanessa Valdiglesias, Blanca Laffon, Sónia Fraga, João Paulo Teixeira
{"title":"Assessing the <i>in vitro</i> toxicity of airborne (nano)particles to the human respiratory system: from basic to advanced models.","authors":"Maria João Bessa, Fátima Brandão, Fernanda Rosário, Luciana Moreira, Ana Teresa Reis, Vanessa Valdiglesias, Blanca Laffon, Sónia Fraga, João Paulo Teixeira","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2023.2166638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2023.2166638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have been conducted to address the potential adverse health risks attributed to exposure to nanoscale materials. While <i>in vivo</i> studies are fundamental for identifying the relationship between dose and occurrence of adverse effects, <i>in vitro</i> model systems provide important information regarding the mechanism(s) of action at the molecular level. With a special focus on exposure to inhaled (nano)particulate material toxicity assessment, this review provides an overview of the available human respiratory models and exposure systems for <i>in vitro</i> testing, advantages, limitations, and existing investigations using models of different complexity. A brief overview of the human respiratory system, pathway and fate of inhaled (nano)particles is also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"26 2","pages":"67-96"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10763289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Trichoderma</i> after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations.","authors":"Uener Ribeiro Dos Santos, Jane Lima Dos Santos","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2023.2172498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2023.2172498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trichoderma</i> is a saprophytic fungus that is used worldwide as a biocontrol and biofertilizer agent. Although considered nonpathogenic until recently, reports of human infections produced by members of the <i>Trichoderma</i> genus are increasing. Numerous sources of infection were proposed based upon patient data and phylogenetic analysis, including air, agriculture, and healthcare facilities, but the deficit of knowledge concerning <i>Trichoderma</i> infections makes patient treatment difficult. These issues are compounded by isolates that present profiles which exhibit high minimum inhibitory concentration values to available antifungal drugs. The aim of this review is to present the global distribution and sources of infections that affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, clinical features, therapeutic strategies that are used to treat patients, as well as highlighting treatments with the best responses. In addition, the antifungal susceptibility profiles of <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates that have emerged in recent decades were examined and which antifungal drugs need to be further evaluated as potential candidates to treat <i>Trichoderma</i> infections are also indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"26 2","pages":"97-126"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10763822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Barbosa, Bruno A Rocha, Marília C O Souza, Mariana Z Bocato, Lara F Azevedo, Joseph A Adeyemi, Anthony Santana, Andres D Campiglia
{"title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Updated aspects of their determination, kinetics in the human body, and toxicity.","authors":"Fernando Barbosa, Bruno A Rocha, Marília C O Souza, Mariana Z Bocato, Lara F Azevedo, Joseph A Adeyemi, Anthony Santana, Andres D Campiglia","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2022.2164390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2022.2164390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are legacy pollutants of considerable public health concern. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons arise from natural and anthropogenic sources and are ubiquitously present in the environment. Several PAHs are highly toxic to humans with associated carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Further, more severe harmful effects on human- and environmental health have been attributed to the presence of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs, that is PAHs with molecular mass greater than 300 Da. However, more research has been conducted using low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs). In addition, no HMW PAHs are on the priority pollutants list of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), which is limited to only 16 PAHs. However, limited analytical methodologies for separating and determining HMW PAHs and their potential isomers and lack of readily available commercial standards make research with these compounds challenging. Since most of the PAH kinetic data originate from animal studies, our understanding of the effects of PAHs on humans is still minimal. In addition, current knowledge of toxic effects after exposure to PAHs may be underrepresented since most investigations focused on exposure to a single PAH. Currently, information on PAH mixtures is limited. Thus, this review aims to critically assess the current knowledge of PAH chemical properties, their kinetic disposition, and toxicity to humans. Further, future research needs to improve and provide the missing information and minimize PAH exposure to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":"28-65"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10697602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanomaterial-induced toxicity in pathophysiological models representative of individuals with pre-existing medical conditions.","authors":"Sreejesh Sreedharan, Georgios Zouganelis, Samantha J Drake, Gyanendra Tripathi, Ali Kermanizadeh","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2022.2153456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2022.2153456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of nanomaterials (NMs) into an ever-expanding number of daily used products has proven to be highly desirable in numerous industries and applications. Unfortunately, the same \"nano\" specific physicochemical properties, which make these materials attractive, may also contribute to hazards for individuals exposed to these materials. In 2021, it was estimated that 7 out of 10 deaths globally were accredited to chronic diseases, such as chronic liver disease, asthma, and cardiovascular-related illnesses. Crucially, it is also understood that a significant proportion of global populace numbering in the billions are currently living with a range of chronic undiagnosed health conditions. Due to the significant number of individuals affected, it is important that people suffering from chronic disease also be considered and incorporated in NM hazard assessment strategies. This review examined and analyzed the literature that focused on NM-induced adverse health effects in models which are representative of individuals exhibiting pre-existing medical conditions with focus on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. The overall objective of this review was to outline available data, highlighting the important role of pre-existing disease in NM-induced toxicity with the aim of establishing a weight of evidence approach to inform the public on the potential hazards posed by NMs in both healthy and compromised persons in general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9244430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in vivo exposure studies incorporating chemical analysis.","authors":"Allie Sidwell, Samuel Cole Smith, Courtney Roper","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2022.2142345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2022.2142345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complex, variable mixtures present in fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) have been well established, and associations between chemical constituents and human health are expanding. In the past decade, there has been an increase in PM<sub>2.5</sub> toxicology studies that include chemical analysis of samples. This investigation is a crucial component for identifying the causal constituents for observed adverse health effects following exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>. In this review, investigations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> that used both <i>in vivo</i> models were explored and chemical analysis with a focus on respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous system, reproductive, and developmental toxicity was examined to determine if chemical constituents were considered in the interpretation of the toxicity findings. Comparisons between model systems, PM<sub>2.5</sub> characteristics, endpoints, and results were made. A vast majority of studies observed adverse effects <i>in vivo</i> following exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>. While limited, investigations that explored connections between chemical components and measured endpoints noted significant associations between biological measurements and a variety of PM<sub>2.5</sub> constituents including elements, ions, and organic/elemental carbon, indicating the need for such analysis. Current limitations in available data, including relatively scarce statistical comparisons between collected toxicity and chemical datasets, are provided. Future progress in this field in combination with epidemiologic research examining chemical composition may support regulatory standards of PM<sub>2.5</sub> to protect human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"25 8","pages":"422-444"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10543929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario A Burgos-Aceves, Caterina Faggio, Miguel Betancourt-Lozano, Donají J González-Mille, César A Ilizaliturri-Hernández
{"title":"Ecotoxicological perspectives of microplastic pollution in amphibians.","authors":"Mario A Burgos-Aceves, Caterina Faggio, Miguel Betancourt-Lozano, Donají J González-Mille, César A Ilizaliturri-Hernández","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2022.2140372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2022.2140372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) are contaminants widely distributed in the environment and biota. Previously, most studies focused on identifying and characterizing microplastics in the marine environment, while their impact on freshwater ecosystems remains to be determined. This review summarizes recent findings regarding MPs physiological, immunological, and genetic effects on amphibians based upon the biological relevance of this species as indicators of freshwater pollution. Data demonstrated that MPs contamination may potentially alter various physiological processes in aquatic animals, mainly in the embryonic stages. It is worthwhile noting that adverse effects might be enhanced in synergy with other pollutants. However, amphibians might counteract the effect of MPs and other pollutants through microbiota present both in the intestine and on the skin. In addition, amphibian microbial composition might also be altered by MPs themselves in a manner that leads to unpredicted health consequences in amphibians.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"25 8","pages":"405-421"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10543933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}