Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Database-calibrated toxicity values for human health assessment based on existing toxicology data for one thousand chemicals.","authors":"Alison H Harrill, Shintaro Hagiwara, Chelsea A Weitekamp, Paul C Stanish, Jonathan T Wall, Risa R Sayre, Sarah E Davidson-Fritz, Kelsey Vitense, Daniel T Chang, Michael J Devito, Chris J Gonzales, Maxwell Groover, Michael F Hughes, Richard S Judson, Jason C Lambert, Charles N Lowe, Esra Mutlu, Katie Paul Friedman, Andrew M Watkins, Antony J Williams, Daniel Krewski, Greg M Paoli, Russell S Thomas","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2552108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2025.2552108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and other regulatory agencies routinely assess whether certain chemical exposures might result in harmful health effects. Traditional human health assessments rely upon expert judgment of dose-effect linkages observed in animal toxicology or human studies. Because both collection of toxicology data and synthesis of information might take multiple years to complete, there are relatively few available assessments for decision-making. Identifying methods that yield significant time and resource efficiencies to the process will have scalable public health benefits. To address the need, US EPA developed the database-calibrated assessment process (DCAP) to generate oral, non-cancer human health toxicity values that builds on previously published approaches and guidance. The approach uses the US EPA Toxicity Values Database (ToxValDB) that contains dose-response summary values (DRSVs) from <i>in vivo</i> toxicity studies. The DRSVs are converted to an oral, chronic, human equivalent dose using a series of standard conversion factors. A point-of-departure (POD) is then calculated across a distribution of studies for a given chemical using a calibration percentile that is benchmarked to critical effect PODs from published human health assessments. Traditional and process-specific uncertainties are incorporated to derive a calibrated toxicity value (CTV), defined as an estimate of a daily oral dose to the human population that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse non-cancer health effects over a lifetime. This review presents the rationale and methods for the approach, resulting in reporting of 1001 CTVs for chemicals that currently lack a human health assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human biomonitoring and environmental health: a critical review of global exposure patterns, methodological challenges and research gaps.","authors":"Eduardo de Paula Nunes, Badr Abou Dehn Pestana, Boscolli Barbosa Pereira","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2529845","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2529845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an essential approach for assessing exposure to environmental toxicants and for informing risk assessment frameworks. However, the global expansion of HBM has (1) outpaced efforts to harmonize methodologies, (2) addressed contextual inequalities, and (3) translated findings into public health interventions. This review examined literature regarding HBM across different contaminant categories including atmospheric pollutants, heavy metals, mycotoxins, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Drawing on recent studies, key trends, methodological inconsistencies, and systemic biases in research design and population coverage were identified. This review noted an overrepresentation of studies in high-income countries, limited data from vulnerable populations, and a persistent reliance on cross-sectional designs. There is significant heterogeneity in biomarker selection, analytical protocols, and interpretation of exposure-health relationships. Further, many investigations failed to control for confounding variables or explore toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic mechanisms, limiting causal inference. Further, exposure to complex chemical mixtures was routinely underexplored, despite evidence of potential interactive effects. The review presents critical gaps in current knowledge, particularly regarding long-term health effects and translation of biomonitoring data into risk management policies. This review emphasizes the need for standardized methodologies, expanded research in low- and middle-income settings, and integration of biomonitoring with community-based surveillance and environmental justice frameworks. Future research needs to prioritize longitudinal designs, interdisciplinary approaches, and greater inclusion of socially and geographically marginalized groups. By reconceptualizing HBM as both a scientific and socio-political endeavor, the field might more effectively contribute to global environmental health protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights derived from testing a library of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a battery of new approach methods (NAMs).","authors":"Grace Patlewicz, Richard Judson, Katie Paul Friedman, Barbara A Wetmore, Michael J DeVito, Joshua A Harrill, Kelly E Carstens, Keith A Houck, John F Wambaugh, Stephanie Padilla, Katy N Britton, Timothy J Shafer, Sigmund Degitz, Jo Nyffeler, Anna Kreutz, Ann M Richard, Antony J Williams, Katherine Coutros, Michael W Hornung, John Cowden, Logan J Everett, Clinton M Willis, Marci G Smeltz, M Scott Clifton, Madison Feshuk, Jonathan T Wall, Risa R Sayre, Jason Brown, Russell S Thomas","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2521615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2025.2521615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a large class of human-made chemicals that are in widespread use and present concerns for persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Whilst a handful of PFAS have been characterized for their hazard profiles, the vast majority of PFAS have not been extensively studied. A comprehensive evaluation to characterize the hazard profiles of the thousands of available PFAS would require extensive resources in terms of cost, number of animals and time. An alternative and more efficient approach is to develop a structural chemical categorization approach to prioritize which PFAS or categories of PFAS should be subject to additional study. To that end, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in collaboration with the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT), initiated a research project in 2018 to screen approximately 150 PFAS through a battery of alternative model organisms, <i>in vitro</i> cell and biochemical assays, and <i>in vitro</i> toxico kinetic (TK) assays in order to inform chemical category and read-across approaches. The aim of this review summarizes the experimental testing undertaken, how data were processed, what insights were derived from a category perspective and how these might potentially inform subsequent tiered testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-69"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical review of the association between environmental manganese and thyroid function, with implications for potential neurodevelopmental effects.","authors":"N Karyakina, N Shilnikova, N Farhat, C Bates, F Momoli, A Leopold, D Krewski","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2522849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2025.2522849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that, in excess, may initiate adverse health effects. Recent evidence suggested that environmental exposure to Mn may produce thyroid hormone imbalances leading to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The aim of this review was to summarize available evidence regarding Mn exposure and consequent adverse thyroid effects, including potential implications for neurodevelopmental impairment in children. Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were systematically searched using two concepts: Mn exposure and thyroid function. A total of 31 studies (17 human studies, 14 toxicological studies) fulfilled eligibility criteria. Evidence for effects attributed to Mn on the thyroid from human studies is inconclusive. No apparent studies were identified to directly characterize Mn thyroid-mediated effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although limited evidence from animal studies provides some support for the effects of Mn on thyroid-related hormones, it is unclear whether such hormonal imbalance is a result of a direct or indirect biological mechanism of action. Toxicokinetic data demonstrated that Mn accumulates in thyroid tissue and might interfere with thyroid function. Currently, there are limited data on biological mechanisms of action for the effects of Mn on the thyroid. Although evidence to date is suggestive of Mn thyroid-related activity, the lack of adequate studies precludes a causal interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2452040","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2452040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"264"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) - associated cognitive impairment and morbidity in humans and animal models: a systematic review.","authors":"Ritu Chauhan, Susmitha Dande, Darryl B Hood, Sanika S Chirwa, Michael A Langston, Stephen K Grady, Levente Dojcsak, Mohammad Tabatabai, Derek Wilus, R Burciaga Valdez, Mohammad Z Al-Hamdan, Wansoo Im, Monique McCallister, Donald J Alcendor, Charles P Mouton, Aramandla Ramesh","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2450354","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2450354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) is one of the criteria air pollutants that (1) serve as an essential carrier of airborne toxicants arising from combustion-related events including emissions from industries, automobiles, and wildfires and (2) play an important role in transient to long-lasting cognitive dysfunction as well as several other neurological disorders. A systematic review was conducted to address differences in study design and various biochemical and molecular markers employed to elucidate neurological disorders in PM_2.5 -exposed humans and animal models. Out of 340,068 scientific publications screened from 7 databases, 312 studies were identified that targeted the relationship between exposure to PM_2.5 and cognitive dysfunction. Equivocal evidence was identified from pre-clinical (animal model) and human studies that PM_2.5 exposure contributes to dementia, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and neurodevelopment. In addition, there was substantial evidence from human studies that PM_2.5 also was associated with Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, neuropathy, and brain tumors. The role of exposome in characterizing neurobehavioral anomalies and opportunities available to leverage the neuroexposome initiative for conducting longitudinal studies is discussed. Our review also provided some areas that warrant consideration, one of which is unraveling the role of microbiome, and the other role of climate change in PM_2.5 exposure-induced neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"233-263"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which prenatal biomarker is most appropriate for methylmercury dose-response for neurodevelopmental effects?","authors":"Leonid Kopylev, Michael Dzierlenga, Yu-Sheng Lin, Rebecca Nachman, Elizabeth Radke, Hongyu Ru, Deborah Segal","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2444650","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2444650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is a well-established hazard attributed to methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. This evidence is based primarily upon includes studies that measured biomarkers of MeHg exposure in samples of maternal hair and blood, and cord blood. The aim of this review was to investigate which of these prenatal biomarkers is most appropriate for quantifying the DNT effects attributed to MeHg. A comprehensive literature search covered MeHg dose-response literature published 1998-2022. Studies were evaluated for risk of bias and study sensitivity using IRIS approach. Quantitative results of investigations were extracted and statistically compared. Seven studies were identified that measured both maternal hair and cord blood Hg levels. In these investigations, several DNT umbrella tests and their sub-tests results were modeled. Cord blood MeHg was more sensitive, producing larger estimates of MeHg potency, in most of the comparisons (91%) with maternal hair MeHg estimates for the same sub-tests in the same study. When comparing results from cord blood Hg to maternal hair Hg there was a 75% increase in sensitivity (range: 4-583%). In the two domains where results for maternal hair Hg were more sensitive, the rise was only 18% (Range: 7-29%). There were limited data (two studies) that compared maternal blood and maternal hair biomarkers (maternal blood Hg was more sensitive (mean 320% and range 43-855%) and cord blood biomarkers (maternal blood Hg was more sensitive by approximately 30%). Maternal hair Hg remains an appropriate biomarker for exposure monitoring in many populations, but these data suggest that cord blood Hg is more appropriate for dose-response modeling of MeHg DNT effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering layer by layer the risk of nanoplastics to the environment and human health.","authors":"Joana Cepeda da Silva Antunes, Paula Sobral, Vasco Branco, Marta Martins","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2424156","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2424156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoplastics (NPs), defined as plastic particles with dimensions less than 100 nm, have emerged as a persistent environmental contaminant with potential risk to both environment and human health. Nanoplastics might translocate across biological barriers and accumulate in vital organs, leading to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity, already reported in several organisms. Disruptions to cellular functions, hormonal balance, and immune responses were also linked to NPs exposure in <i>in vitro</i> assays. Further, NPs have been found to adsorb other pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and leach additives potentially amplifying their advere impacts, increasing the threat to organisms greater than NPs alone. However, NPs toxic effects remain largely unexplored, requiring further research to elucidate potential risks to human health, especially their accumulation, degradation, migration, interactions with the biological systems and long-term consequences of chronic exposure to these compounds. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-art regarding NPs interactions with environmental pollutants and with biological mechanisms and toxicity within cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"63-121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of non-invasive biomarkers as a tool for exposure characterization in human health risk assessments.","authors":"N Shilnikova, F Momoli, N Karyakina, D Krewski","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2428206","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2428206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood and urine are historically the most frequent matrices used for measuring chemical levels in human biomonitoring studies. As biomonitoring programs are refreshed, consideration of specific priority substances and specific population targets provide opportunities for inclusion of alternative non- or minimally invasive matrices. This review describes methods used in health risk assessment to characterize exposure and risk based upon biomarkers from noninvasive matrices other than urine or blood, including human milk, hair, fingernails, toenails, exhaled breath, deciduous teeth, sweat, semen, meconium, and feces. Illustrative examples of these methods relevant to chemical management are provided. This review suggests that, although these alternative noninvasive biomarkers are not frequently used in human health risk assessment at present, these biomarkers may prove useful in (1) characterizing exposure and health risk in vulnerable populations, (2) cumulative risk assessments, and (3) community-based risk assessments, depending upon the substance of concern. To incorporate alternative noninvasive biomarkers into human health risk assessments with confidence, more research is needed to improve our knowledge of the relationships between external dose, internal dose, and biologic consequent effects in matrices other than blood and urine.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"122-150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological bioassays with terrestrial plants: a holistic view of standards, guidelines, and protocols.","authors":"Leonardo Mendes da Silva, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2440876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2024.2440876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems face various chemicals that might induce acute and/or long-term harm. To assess these impacts, ecotoxicological bioassays are essential. However, bioassays using animals, particularly mammals, are costly, time-consuming, and raise ethical concerns. In this context, terrestrial plants emerge as a viable alternative to conventional assays. Thus, the aim of this review was to address the history and evolution of plant bioassays, highlighting the main regulations, guidelines, and protocols governing the use of terrestrial plants in ecotoxicological tests. Initially, plant bioassays were employed to assess the cytogenotoxic effects of chemicals, gaining prominence with the GENE-TOX program in the 80s. Subsequently, plants were used in allelopathy bioassays and in studies aimed to examine the ecotoxicity of pesticides in soil. Currently, ecotoxicological bioassays with plants are regulated by specific standards, such as ASTM E1963-22, EPA 600/3-88/029, EPS 1/RM/45, ISO 11269-1, ISO 11269-2, ISO 17126, ISO 18763, ISO 29200, ISO 22030, OECD-208, OECD-227, OCSPP 850.4100, OCSPP 850.4230, OCSPP 850.4800 and OPPTS 850.4200. The existing protocols standardize bioassays in greenhouse and lab environments, and the duration of the tests varies from hours to months. The main ecotoxicological parameters to be analyzed after exposure include germination percentage, survival rate, root length, aerial part length, fresh mass of exposed plants, and phytotoxicity symptoms. In addition, the absorption rate of substances and genotoxic and mutagenic effects might also be assessed. Therefore, data in this review demonstrate that terrestrial plants represent an important tool in the analysis of environmental risks associated with chemicals and might serve as crucial allies in modern ecotoxicology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}