Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Atrazine's effects on mammalian physiology.","authors":"Anna G Holliman, Laci Mackay, Vinicia C Biancardi, Ya-Xiong Tao, Chad D Foradori","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2468212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2025.2468212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrazine is a chlorotriazine herbicide that is one of the most widely used herbicides in the USA and the world. For over 60 years atrazine has been used on major crops including corn, sorghum, and sugarcane to control broadleaf and grassy weed emergence and growth. Atrazine has exerted a major economic and environmental impact over that time, resulting in reduced production costs and increased conservation tillage practices. However, widespread use and a long half-life led to a high prevalence of atrazine in the environment. Indeed, atrazine is the most frequent herbicide contaminant detected in water sources in the USA. Due to its almost ubiquitous presence and questions regarding its safety, atrazine has been well-studied. First reported to affect reproduction with potential disruptive effects which were later linked to the immune system, cancer, stress response, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular ailments in experimental models. Atrazine impact on multiple interwoven systems broadens the significance of atrazine exposure. The endeavor to uncover the mechanisms underlying atrazine-induced dysfunction in mammals is ongoing, with new genetic and pharmacological targets being reported. This review aims to summarize the prominent effects of atrazine on mammalian physiology, primarily focusing on empirical studies conducted in lab animal models and establish correlations with epidemiological human studies when relevant. In addition, current common patterns of toxicity and potential underlying mechanisms of atrazine action will be examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering layer by layer the risk of nanoplastics to the environment and human health.","authors":"Joana Cepeda da Silva Antunes, Paula Sobral, Vasco Branco, Marta Martins","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2424156","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2424156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoplastics (NPs), defined as plastic particles with dimensions less than 100 nm, have emerged as a persistent environmental contaminant with potential risk to both environment and human health. Nanoplastics might translocate across biological barriers and accumulate in vital organs, leading to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity, already reported in several organisms. Disruptions to cellular functions, hormonal balance, and immune responses were also linked to NPs exposure in <i>in vitro</i> assays. Further, NPs have been found to adsorb other pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and leach additives potentially amplifying their advere impacts, increasing the threat to organisms greater than NPs alone. However, NPs toxic effects remain largely unexplored, requiring further research to elucidate potential risks to human health, especially their accumulation, degradation, migration, interactions with the biological systems and long-term consequences of chronic exposure to these compounds. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-art regarding NPs interactions with environmental pollutants and with biological mechanisms and toxicity within cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"63-121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of non-invasive biomarkers as a tool for exposure characterization in human health risk assessments.","authors":"N Shilnikova, F Momoli, N Karyakina, D Krewski","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2428206","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2428206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood and urine are historically the most frequent matrices used for measuring chemical levels in human biomonitoring studies. As biomonitoring programs are refreshed, consideration of specific priority substances and specific population targets provide opportunities for inclusion of alternative non- or minimally invasive matrices. This review describes methods used in health risk assessment to characterize exposure and risk based upon biomarkers from noninvasive matrices other than urine or blood, including human milk, hair, fingernails, toenails, exhaled breath, deciduous teeth, sweat, semen, meconium, and feces. Illustrative examples of these methods relevant to chemical management are provided. This review suggests that, although these alternative noninvasive biomarkers are not frequently used in human health risk assessment at present, these biomarkers may prove useful in (1) characterizing exposure and health risk in vulnerable populations, (2) cumulative risk assessments, and (3) community-based risk assessments, depending upon the substance of concern. To incorporate alternative noninvasive biomarkers into human health risk assessments with confidence, more research is needed to improve our knowledge of the relationships between external dose, internal dose, and biologic consequent effects in matrices other than blood and urine.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"122-150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) - associated cognitive impairment and morbidity in humans and animal models: a systematic review.","authors":"Ritu Chauhan, Susmitha Dande, Darryl B Hood, Sanika S Chirwa, Michael A Langston, Stephen K Grady, Levente Dojcsak, Mohammad Tabatabai, Derek Wilus, R Burciaga Valdez, Mohammad Z Al-Hamdan, Wansoo Im, Monique McCallister, Donald J Alcendor, Charles P Mouton, Aramandla Ramesh","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2450354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2025.2450354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) is one of the criteria air pollutants that (1) serve as an essential carrier of airborne toxicants arising from combustion-related events including emissions from industries, automobiles, and wildfires and (2) play an important role in transient to long-lasting cognitive dysfunction as well as several other neurological disorders. A systematic review was conducted to address differences in study design and various biochemical and molecular markers employed to elucidate neurological disorders in PM_2.5 -exposed humans and animal models. Out of 340,068 scientific publications screened from 7 databases, 312 studies were identified that targeted the relationship between exposure to PM_2.5 and cognitive dysfunction. Equivocal evidence was identified from pre-clinical (animal model) and human studies that PM_2.5 exposure contributes to dementia, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and neurodevelopment. In addition, there was substantial evidence from human studies that PM_2.5 also was associated with Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, neuropathy, and brain tumors. The role of exposome in characterizing neurobehavioral anomalies and opportunities available to leverage the neuroexposome initiative for conducting longitudinal studies is discussed. Our review also provided some areas that warrant consideration, one of which is unraveling the role of microbiome, and the other role of climate change in PM_2.5 exposure-induced neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2025.2452040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2025.2452040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological bioassays with terrestrial plants: a holistic view of standards, guidelines, and protocols.","authors":"Leonardo Mendes da Silva, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2440876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2024.2440876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems face various chemicals that might induce acute and/or long-term harm. To assess these impacts, ecotoxicological bioassays are essential. However, bioassays using animals, particularly mammals, are costly, time-consuming, and raise ethical concerns. In this context, terrestrial plants emerge as a viable alternative to conventional assays. Thus, the aim of this review was to address the history and evolution of plant bioassays, highlighting the main regulations, guidelines, and protocols governing the use of terrestrial plants in ecotoxicological tests. Initially, plant bioassays were employed to assess the cytogenotoxic effects of chemicals, gaining prominence with the GENE-TOX program in the 80s. Subsequently, plants were used in allelopathy bioassays and in studies aimed to examine the ecotoxicity of pesticides in soil. Currently, ecotoxicological bioassays with plants are regulated by specific standards, such as ASTM E1963-22, EPA 600/3-88/029, EPS 1/RM/45, ISO 11269-1, ISO 11269-2, ISO 17126, ISO 18763, ISO 29200, ISO 22030, OECD-208, OECD-227, OCSPP 850.4100, OCSPP 850.4230, OCSPP 850.4800 and OPPTS 850.4200. The existing protocols standardize bioassays in greenhouse and lab environments, and the duration of the tests varies from hours to months. The main ecotoxicological parameters to be analyzed after exposure include germination percentage, survival rate, root length, aerial part length, fresh mass of exposed plants, and phytotoxicity symptoms. In addition, the absorption rate of substances and genotoxic and mutagenic effects might also be assessed. Therefore, data in this review demonstrate that terrestrial plants represent an important tool in the analysis of environmental risks associated with chemicals and might serve as crucial allies in modern ecotoxicology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating new approach methods (NAMs) data in dose-response assessments: The future is now!","authors":"En-Hsuan Lu, Ivan Rusyn, Weihsueh A Chiu","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2412571","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2412571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regulatory dose-response assessments traditionally rely on <i>in vivo</i> data and default assumptions. New Approach Methods (NAMs) present considerable opportunities to both augment traditional dose-response assessments and accelerate the evaluation of new/data-poor chemicals. This review aimed to determine the potential utilization of NAMs through a unified conceptual framework that compartmentalizes derivation of toxicity values into five sequential Key Dose-response Modules (KDMs): (1) point-of-departure (POD) determination, (2) test system-to-human (e.g. inter-species) toxicokinetics and (3) toxicodynamics, (4) human population (intra-species) variability in toxicodynamics, and (5) toxicokinetics. After using several \"traditional\" dose-response assessments to illustrate this framework, a review is presented where existing NAMs, including <i>in silico</i>, <i>in vitro</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> approaches, might be applied across KDMs. Further, the false dichotomy between \"traditional\" and NAMs-derived data sources is broken down by organizing dose-response assessments into a matrix where each KDM has Tiers of increasing precision and confidence: Tier 0: Default/generic values, Tier 1: Computational predictions, Tier 2: Surrogate measurements, and Tier 3: Direct measurements. These findings demonstrated that although many publications promote the use of NAMs in KDMs (1) for POD determination and (5) for human population toxicokinetics, the proposed matrix of KDMs and Tiers reveals additional immediate opportunities for NAMs to be integrated across other KDMs. Further, critical needs were identified for developing NAMs to improve <i>in vitro</i> dosimetry and quantify test system and human population toxicodynamics. Overall, broadening the integration of NAMs across the steps of dose-response assessment promises to yield higher throughput, less animal-dependent, and more science-based toxicity values for protecting human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"28-62"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> models to evaluate multidrug resistance in cancer cells: Biochemical and morphological techniques and pharmacological strategies.","authors":"Maria Fernanda Madrid, Eleicy Nathaly Mendoza, Ana Lizeth Padilla, Celia Choquenaira-Quispe, Celina de Jesus Guimarães, João Victor de Melo Pereira, Francisco Washington Araújo Barros-Nepomuceno, Ingredy Lopes Dos Santos, Claudia Pessoa, Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho, Danilo Damasceno Rocha, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2407452","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2407452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters contributes to the failure of chemotherapies and symbolizes a great challenge in oncology, associated with the adaptation of tumor cells to anticancer drugs such that these transporters become less effective, a mechanism known as multidrug resistance (MDR). The aim of this review is to present the most widely used methodologies for induction and comprehension of <i>in vitro</i> models for detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) modulators or inhibitors, including biochemical and morphological techniques for chemosensitivity studies. The overexpression of MDR proteins, predominantly, the subfamily glycoprotein-1 (P-gp or ABCB1) multidrug resistance, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1 or ABCCC1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2 or ABCC2) and cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), in chemotherapy-exposed cancer lines have been established/investigated by several techniques. Amongst these techniques, the most used are (i) colorimetric/fluorescent indirect bioassays, (ii) rhodamine and efflux analysis, (iii) release of 3,30-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to measure P-gp function and other ABC transporters, (iv) exclusion of calcein-acetoxymethylester, (v) ATPase assays to distinguish types of interaction with ABC transporters, (vi) morphology to detail phenotypic characteristics in transformed cells, (vii) molecular testing of resistance-related proteins (RT-qPCR) and (viii) 2D and 3D models, (ix) organoids, and (x) microfluidic technology. Then, <i>in vitro</i> models for detecting chemotherapy MDR cells to assess innovative therapies to modulate or inhibit tumor cell growth and overcome clinical resistance. It is noteworthy that different therapies including anti-miRNAs, antibody-drug conjugates (to natural products), and epigenetic modifications were also considered as promising alternatives, since currently no anti-MDR therapies are able to improve patient quality of life. Therefore, there is also urgency for new clinical markers of resistance to more reliably reflect <i>in vivo</i> effectiveness of novel antitumor drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which prenatal biomarker is most appropriate for methylmercury dose-response for neurodevelopmental effects?","authors":"Leonid Kopylev, Michael Dzierlenga, Yu-Sheng Lin, Rebecca Nachman, Elizabeth Radke, Hongyu Ru, Deborah Segal","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2444650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2024.2444650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is a well-established hazard attributed to methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. This evidence is based primarily upon includes studies that measured biomarkers of MeHg exposure in samples of maternal hair and blood, and cord blood. The aim of this review was to investigate which of these prenatal biomarkers is most appropriate for quantifying the DNT effects attributed to MeHg. A comprehensive literature search covered MeHg dose-response literature published 1998-2022. Studies were evaluated for risk of bias and study sensitivity using IRIS approach. Quantitative results of investigations were extracted and statistically compared. Seven studies were identified that measured both maternal hair and cord blood Hg levels. In these investigations, several DNT umbrella tests and their sub-tests results were modeled. Cord blood MeHg was more sensitive, producing larger estimates of MeHg potency, in most of the comparisons (91%) with maternal hair MeHg estimates for the same sub-tests in the same study. When comparing results from cord blood Hg to maternal hair Hg there was a 75% increase in sensitivity (range: 4-583%). In the two domains where results for maternal hair Hg were more sensitive, the rise was only 18% (Range: 7-29%). There were limited data (two studies) that compared maternal blood and maternal hair biomarkers (maternal blood Hg was more sensitive (mean 320% and range 43-855%) and cord blood biomarkers (maternal blood Hg was more sensitive by approximately 30%). Maternal hair Hg remains an appropriate biomarker for exposure monitoring in many populations, but these data suggest that cord blood Hg is more appropriate for dose-response modeling of MeHg DNT effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophils in toxicology: a forgotten field.","authors":"Pablo Scharf, Michael Aschner, Sandra Farsky","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2024.2431692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2024.2431692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and essential for innate immune responses despite a short lifespan in the bloodstream. A complex and tightly regulated production of neutrophils is required to maintain host defense. This process involves intricate signaling between the bone marrow, blood, and tissue clearance. Deficiency or excessive neutrophil infiltration impairs host defenses. Historically, neutrophils were viewed as initial effectors in innate immune responses. Recent discoveries have expanded our understanding of neutrophil biology, identifying multiple activation states and subsets. These subsets may switch phenotypes based on the composition of the microenvironment and might exhibit reverse migratory behavior, moving from inflamed tissues back into the bloodstream. This versatility poses neutrophils as key players in (1) signaling for host defenses, (2) trained immunity, (3) tissue repair, and (4) cancer biology. Disturbances in neutrophil production, responsiveness, apoptosis, and cell removal significantly affect inflammatory diseases and cancer progression. Environmental factors may directly affect the immune system and trigger the onset of many diseases; however, the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of xenobiotics on neutrophil production and functions remain unclear. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on neutrophil ontogeny, plasticity, and roles in inflammation, tissue repair, and cancer, emphasizing their susceptibility to different sources of xenobiotic exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}