Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Framework for Measuring Neighborhood Walkability for Older Adults-A Delphi Consensus Study.","authors":"Daniela Koller, Malte Bödeker, Ulrike Dapp, Eva Grill, Judith Fuchs, Werner Maier, Ralf Strobl","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00910-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00910-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While mobility in older age is of crucial importance for health and well-being, it is worth noting that currently, there is no German language framework for measuring walkability for older adults that also considers the functional status of a person. Therefore, we combined the results of an expert workshop, a literature review, and a Delphi consensus survey. Through this, we identified and rated indicators relevant for walkability for older adults, additionally focusing on their functional status. The expert workshop and the review led to an extensive list of potential indicators, which we hope will be useful in future research. Those indicators were then adapted and rated in a three-stage Delphi expert survey. A fourth additional Delphi round was conducted to assess the relevance of each indicator for the different frailty levels, namely \"robust,\" \"pre-frail,\" and \"frail.\" Between 20 and 28 experts participated in each round of the Delphi survey. The Delphi process resulted in a list of 72 indicators deemed relevant for walkability in older age groups, grouped into three main categories: \"Built environment and transport infrastructure,\" \"Accessibility and meeting places,\" and \"Attractiveness and sense of security.\" For 35 of those indicators, it was suggested that functional status should be additionally considered. This framework represents a significant step forward in comprehensively covering indicators for subjective and objective walkability in older age, while also incorporating aspects of functioning relevant to older adults. It would be beneficial to test and apply the indicator set in a community setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1188-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Care for Unpaid Caregivers: Community Voices in the Care Block Program, in Bogotá, Colombia.","authors":"Paula Guevara-Aladino, Olga L Sarmiento, María Alejandra Rubio, Lina María Gómez-García, Zakaria Nadeem Doueiri, Diego Martínez, Abby C King, Adriana Hurtado-Tarazona, Ann Banchoff, Luis A Guzman, María José Álvarez-Rivadulla, Leonardo Palencia","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00899-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00899-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Care Block of Bogotá, Colombia, is an urban program that offers services for low-income unpaid caregivers. This study aimed to (i) characterize unpaid caregivers' subjective well-being, mental health symptoms, physical activity levels, and use of public spaces linked to the Care Block; (ii) identify caregivers' perceived built and social environment facilitators and barriers to accessing the Care Block facility; and (iii) document the community-led advocacy process to improve the Care Block program. The quantitative component included a subjective well-being and mental health symptoms survey, and the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) instrument. The qualitative component included the Our Voice citizen science method augmented with portable virtual reality equipment to engage participants in advocacy for changes. Participants (median age of 53 years) dedicated a median of 13.8 h a day to unpaid caregiving, had an average subjective well-being score of 7.0, and 19.1% and 23.8% reported having depression and generalized anxiety symptoms respectively. Caregivers reported that the program fosters their perception of purpose, enjoyment, resilience, and cognitive and emotional awareness. SOPARC evaluation showed that most women engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity. The caregivers highlighted education, physical activity services, and integration of facilities as facilitators to accessing the Care Block program. Poor quality and lack of sidewalks and roads, limited personal safety, and the risk of pedestrian-vehicle collisions were identified as barriers. Virtual Reality sparked compelling dialogue between participants and stakeholders, allowing stakeholders to reflect on an urban program facilitating unpaid care work.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1113-1127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To What Extent Are Informal Healthcare Providers in Slums Linked to the Formal Health System in Providing Services in Sub-Sahara Africa? A 12-Year Scoping Review.","authors":"Aloysius Odii, Ifeyinwa Arize, Prince Agwu, Chinyere Mbachu, Obinna Onwujekwe","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00885-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00885-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contributions of informal providers to the urban health system and their linkage to the formal health system require more evidence. This paper highlights the collaborations that exist between informal providers and the formal health system and examines how these collaborations have contributed to strengthening urban health systems in sub-Sahara Africa. The study is based on a scoping review of literature that was published from 2011 to 2023 with a focus on slums in sub-Sahara Africa. Electronic search for articles was performed in Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, African Journal Online (AJOL), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Hinari, ResearchGate, and yippy.com. Data extraction was done using the WHO health systems building blocks. The review identified 26 publications that referred to collaborations between informal providers and formal health systems in healthcare delivery. The collaboration is manifested through formal health providers registering and standardizing the practice of informal health providers. They also participate in training informal providers and providing free medical commodities for them. Additionally, there were numerous instances of client referrals, either from informal to formal providers or from formal to informal providers. However, the review also indicates that these collaborations are unformalized, unsystematic, and largely undocumented. This undermines the potential contributions of informal providers to the urban health system.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1248-1258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Access, Equitability, and Rigor in the Assessment of Neighborhood Mortgage Discrimination.","authors":"Leah Moubadder, Maya Bliss, Maret L Maliniak, Hannah Waddel, Jeffery M Switchenko, Howard H Chang, Michael R Kramer, Lauren E McCullough","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00941-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00941-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mortgage discrimination alters the distribution of investment, opportunity, and economic advantage-key contributors of health disparities. Leveraging Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, we assessed mortgage denial risk in 380 U.S. urban areas. We estimated the risks by census tract-relative to the urban-specific average-using a Bayesian spatial model with conditionally autoregressive distributions fitted with integrated nested Laplace approximation. This approach borrows information through spatial and non-spatial smoothing, resulting in stable estimates in the presence of sparse data. The method, publicly accessible, allows researchers to apply our approach, fostering deeper insights into mortgage lending discrimination and systematic neighborhood disinvestment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1274-1278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Environments, Health, and Environmental Sustainability: Findings From the SALURBAL Study.","authors":"Ana V Diez Roux, Marcio Alazraqui, Tania Alfaro, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez, Waleska T Caiaffa, M Fernanda Kroker-Lobos, J Jaime Miranda, Daniel Rodriguez, Olga Lucia Sarmiento, Alejandra Vives","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00932-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00932-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the relevance of cities and city policies for health, there has been limited examination of large numbers of cities aimed at characterizing urban health determinants and identifying effective policies. The relatively few comparative studies that exist include few cities in lower and middle income countries. The Salud Urbana en America Latina study (SALURBAL) was launched in 2017 to address this gap. The study has four aims: (1) to investigate social and physical environment factors associated with health differences across and within cities; (2) to document the health impact of urban policies and interventions; (3) to use systems approaches to better understand dynamics and identify opportunities for intervention and (4) to create a new dialogue about the drivers of health in cities and their policy implications and support action. Beyond these aims SALURBAL, has an overarching goal of supporting collaborative policy relevant research and capacity -building that engages individuals and institutions from across Latin America. In this review we provide an update on the SALURBAL data resource and collaborative approach and summarize key findings from the first aim of the study. We also describe key elements of our approach, challenges we have faced and how we have overcome them, and identify key opportunities to support policy relevant evidence generation in urban health for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1087-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Nutrition in the Global South: A Narrative Review of Current Research.","authors":"Neetu Choudhary, Alexandra Brewis","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00944-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00944-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the Global Food Policy Report 2017, nearly 90% of the projected urban population increase by 2050 is going to be concentrated in Africa and Asia. Parallel evidence suggests that poverty and related challenges of food insecurity and undernutrition are also urbanizing. The dynamics underlying urban nutrition is different from rural ones but also arguably represents a more complex scenario. In this review, we synthesize available evidence on urban nutrition (in)security in the Global South. Although focused on nutrition-centric literature, our review also identifies and discusses studies in the contexts of the broader notion of urban food systems. Articles that analyzed any form of mal/nutrition were eligible for inclusion. One hundred sixty-nine articles were shortlisted based on a systematic search strategy, then expanded through a backward and forward literature survey. Our review identifies key emergent themes from a large body of research on urban food systems, noting that surprisingly few address nutrition directly. Rather, current literature on urban nutrition is scattered and skewed with an overt focus on urban agriculture. Our review reveals that the existing literature with direct nutrition relevance in an urban context can be systematically organized across three themes, i.e., urban agriculture, nutrition transition, and social protection. Noticeably, this literature also draws upon successful interventions having implications for urban nutrition. Finally, the review identifies a few research gaps that hinder a holistic view of urban nutrition. These gaps pertain to gender, equity, water (along with sanitation and hygiene), and local governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1279-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summer Heat, Historic Redlining, and Neighborhood Walking among Older Adults: 2017 National Household Travel Survey.","authors":"Diana Mitsova, Lilah M Besser, Elaine T Le","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00892-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00892-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No known studies have examined the relationships between urban heat islands, historic redlining, and neighborhood walking in older adults. We assessed whether (1) individual and neighborhood characteristics (including redlining score) differ by neighborhood summer land surface temperature (LST); (2) higher LST is associated with less neighborhood walking, and whether associations differ by historic redlining score; and (3) neighborhoods with discriminatory redlining scores have greater LSTs. We used data on 3982 ≥ 65 years old from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. Multivariable negative binomial and linear regressions tested associations between LST z-score (comparing participant's neighborhood LST to surrounding region's LST) and self-reported neighborhood walking and the association between living in neighborhoods redlined as \"definitely declining\" or \"hazardous\" (versus \"still desirable\"/\"best\") and LST z-score. LSTs were higher for those in neighborhoods with higher area deprivation scores and more African American/Black residents. Older adults living in neighborhoods with higher summer LST z-scores had fewer minutes of neighborhood walking/day. This association seemed limited to individuals with neighborhood redlining scores of \"still desirable\"/\"best.\" Neighborhood redlining scores of \"definitely declining\" or \"hazardous\" (versus \"still desirable\" and \"best\") were associated with greater neighborhood summer LSTs. Overall, these findings suggest that historically redlined neighborhoods may experience urban heat island effects more often. While older adults living in hotter neighborhoods with \"still desirable\" or \"best\" redlining scores may less often engage in neighborhood walking, those in neighborhoods with redlining scores of \"definitely declining\" and \"hazardous\" do not seem to decrease neighborhood walking with higher LSTs. Future work is needed to elucidate the impact of extreme heat on health-promoting behaviors such as walking and the types of interventions that can successfully counteract negative impacts on historically disadvantaged communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1178-1187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SchoolHEAT: Racial and Ethnic Inequity in School Temperature.","authors":"Kelly K Jones, Varsha Vijay, Shannon N Zenk","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00919-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00919-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to high environmental temperature is detrimental to health through multiple pathways. This paper describes disparities in school-based high-temperature exposure at metropolitan schools in the United States. Using school location and sociodemographic data from the National Center for Education Statistics, neighborhood data from the US Census Bureau, and land surface temperature (LST) data from the Aqua Earth-observing satellite mission, we find that for every 10% more Black or Hispanic residents in the neighborhood, schools have LST 0.25 °C and 0.38 °C hotter, respectively. When the Black or Hispanic student population is greater than the neighborhood population, LST is an additional 0.20 °C and 0.40 °C for each 10% increase in students over neighborhood population, respectively. Black and Hispanic students are overrepresented in the hottest schools, making up 58.7% of students in the hottest 20% of schools, compared to only 30.0% of students in the coolest 20% of schools.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1166-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Makes a Liveable Neighborhood? Role of Socio-Demographic, Dwelling, and Environmental Factors and Participation in Finnish Urban and Suburban Areas.","authors":"Tytti P Pasanen, Timo Lanki, Taina Siponen, Anu W Turunen, Pekka Tiittanen, Vuokko Heikinheimo, Maija Tiitu, Arto Viinikka, Jaana I Halonen","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00927-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00927-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quality of residential area, or neighborhood, is one determinant of overall quality of life and associated with health and health behavior. Ensuring that urban and suburban neighborhoods remain liveable and comfortable to reside in is a challenge amidst growing urbanization. Neighborhood quality has been associated with socio-demographic, dwelling-related, and subjective and objective neighborhood factors. However, only a few studies have additionally included participation in neighborhood decision-making and examined whether these associations are stronger among residents who are more settled in the neighborhood. We examined whether subjectively and objectively measured environmental factors and participation are associated with perception of neighborhood liveability and possible effect moderators. We analyzed survey data collected in 2021 among adults (aged 18-97) living in suburbs and urban centers in five Finnish cities (n = 2057; response rate 34%) with logistic regression models. Almost 80% of the respondents perceived their neighborhood as liveable or very liveable. The following factors were most strongly associated with perceiving the neighborhood as liveable: low area-level socioeconomic deprivation; central urban zone; green view from home; satisfaction with neighborhood safety, green areas, blue areas, and maintenance of traffic routes; and good or very good possibilities to influence decisions regarding the neighborhood. Only a few interactions between indicators of being more settled in the neighborhood (e.g., age group and dwelling ownership) modified these associations. In all, our study suggests that to maintain liveability, urban or community planning should consider local residents' favorable perceptions of safety, recreational areas, and engagement in decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1207-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Housing Australian Children: A Snapshot of Health Inequities in the First 2000 Days.","authors":"Yuxi Li, Ankur Singh, Rebecca Bentley","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00925-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00925-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Housing is a critical social determinant of children's health. While individual pathways between housing and health are well evidenced, there has been less attention on the co-occurrence of housing disadvantages. We aim to identify typologies of children's housing disadvantage and describe the health inequities they generate. A cross-sectional latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted on 4355 Australian children aged 4 to 5 years who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Nine binary indicators-dwelling tenure, external condition, affordability, stability, crowding, cleanliness, fuel poverty, and noise exposure-were used to generate latent housing typologies. Generalized linear models with robust standard errors described disparities in quality of life, injury, disability, and health service use across these housing typologies. Four distinct housing typologies were identified in this cohort: \"good condition, affordable, and secure\" (60%); \"insecure\" (11%); \"crowded\" (24%); and \"unsuitable\" (5%). Unsuitable housing, characterized by crowding, poor external conditions, and noise exposure, was more likely to be occupied by single-parent families, low-income households, and be headed by parents with low levels of education. Children in unsuitable housing lagged on quality of life indicators at preschool age (e.g., by 8.0 points on emotional functioning, 95% CI - 10.6, - 5.5), and underutilized primary healthcare services (e.g., prevalence ratio 0.76 for GP services, 95% CI 0.67, 0.87), compared to children in good quality housing. This finding supports the case for early intervention strategies that account for children's housing circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1259-1269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}