Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship between Noise Pollution and Depression and Implications for Healthy Aging: A Spatial Analysis Using Routinely Collected Primary Care Data.","authors":"Dialechti Tsimpida, Anastasia Tsakiridi","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00945-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00945-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental noise is a significant public health concern, ranking among the top environmental risks to citizens' health and quality of life. Despite extensive research on atmospheric pollution's impact on mental health, spatial studies on noise pollution effects are lacking. This study fills this gap by exploring the association between noise pollution and depression in England, with a focus on localised patterns based on area deprivation. Depression prevalence, defined as the percentage of patients with a recorded depression diagnosis, was calculated for small areas within Cheshire and Merseyside ICS using the Quality and Outcomes Framework Indicators dataset for 2019. Strategic noise mapping for rail and road noise (Lden) was used to measure 24-h annual average noise levels, with adjustments for evening and night periods. The English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was employed to represent neighborhood deprivation. Geographically weighted regression and generalised structural equation spatial modeling (GSESM) assessed the relationships between transportation noise, depression prevalence, and IMD at the Lower Super Output Area level. The study found that while transportation noise had a low direct effect on depression levels, it significantly mediated other factors associated with depression. Notably, GSESM showed that health deprivation and disability were strongly linked (0.62) to depression through the indirect effect of noise, especially where transportation noise exceeds 55 dB on a 24-h basis. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing noise mitigation strategies. This research offers new insights into noise, deprivation, and mental health, supporting targeted interventions to improve quality of life and address health inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neighborhood Characteristics on Outcomes Experienced by Urban Dwelling Black Men After Serious Traumatic Injury.","authors":"Therese S Richmond, Ryan Quinn, Anna Duan, Christopher N Morrison, Nancy Kassam-Adams, Augustine Cassis Obeng Boateng, Sara F Jacoby","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00956-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00956-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are serious consequences of physical injuries. Stress associated with living in urban neighborhoods with socioecological disadvantages and the cumulative burdens of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to poorer psychological outcomes. Limited research has explored how ACEs and socioecological environmental exposures in childhood and adulthood, together, impact post-injury outcomes. This study assessed the relative contributions of ACEs and neighborhood exposures during childhood and adulthood on post-injury outcomes among Black men in Philadelphia. We used data from a prospective cohort of 414 Black men from the Philadelphia region, aged ≥ 18 years, who sustained acute physical injuries requiring hospitalization. Primary outcomes were post-injury PTSD and depression. Secondary outcomes were sleep quality, self-reported health status, changes in substance use, and return to work. The study used perceived and objective measures of neighborhood characteristics and self-reported ACEs to model their relative impact on outcomes 3 months after hospital discharge. Higher levels of ACEs and higher perceived neighborhood disorder during childhood and adulthood were significant predictors of PTSD and depression symptom severity. Perceived neighborhood disorder contributed to sleep disturbances and decline in post-injury health. Census/administrative objective measures of neighborhood disadvantage did not show consistent associations with post-injury outcomes. Findings suggest that both ACEs and subjective perception of neighborhood environments are critical factors influencing post-injury recovery in urban Black men. Interventions to improve post-injury outcomes should consider preventing ACEs and addressing the tangible conditions of neighborhoods and residents' perceptions of their surroundings to promote health equity and injury recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"165-176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home Mortgage Lending and Neighborhood Mental Health: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of 18 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas.","authors":"Liang Chen, Bruce C Mitchell, Jason Richardson, Helen C S Meier","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00926-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00926-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the relationship between home mortgages and neighborhood mental health across the 18 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States. Home mortgages, a primary avenue to homeownership, contribute to housing security and stability. Moreover, their issuance reflects local investment and potential improvements in the built environment, hypothesized to positively influence community mental well-being. Using census tract-level data from multiple sources, we employed a spatial econometric approach, specifically spatial error modeling, to account for spatial dependency and estimate the association between home mortgage lending (2011 to 2020) and the prevalence of self-reported poor mental health in 2020. Our findings indicate a statistically significant negative association between mortgage issuance and self-reported poor mental health across all 18 MSAs, suggesting that increased mortgage lending is associated with improved neighborhood mental health. Comparisons between standard linear models and spatial error models highlight the influence of unmeasured, spatially correlated factors on neighborhood mental health outcomes. This study underscores mortgage lending as a crucial factor in community well-being and emphasizes the necessity of addressing spatial dependency in neighborhood health studies for accurate estimations. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to enhance community mental health and address health disparities through informed housing policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"35-48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Residential Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Psychological Health in Preschool Children.","authors":"Audrius Dėdelė, Jolanta Nemaniūtė-Gužienė, Regina Gražulevičienė, Sandra Andrušaitytė, Auksė Miškinytė","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00947-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00947-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental noise pollution is one of the biggest concerns and the most important challenges in urban areas. Evidence from epidemiological studies shows that acoustic pollution can impact human health, and the effects may be stronger in susceptible and sensitive individuals. The objective of the study was to determine the individual exposure to road transport noise for preschool children in the residential environment and to assess its impact on children's psychological health. This is the first representative large-scale noise impact study in Lithuania aimed at the psychological health of children. A total of 1457 parent-child pairs were involved in the study. Residential exposure to environmental noise caused by road transport in Kaunas agglomeration, Lithuania was determined by applying geographic information systems and strategic noise mapping. A standardized Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess psychological health problems in children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between residential exposure to environmental noise caused by road transport and children's psychological health. The results of the study showed that the risk of hyperactivity and total scale difficulties increased statistically significantly up to 77% and up to 48%, respectively, in the highest noise (L_night ≥ 50 dB) exposure. The obtained results provide new knowledge about the relationship between road traffic noise in the residential environment and the psychological health of preschool children.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Redlining and Community-Reported Housing Quality: A Spatial Analysis.","authors":"Salvatore Milletich, Andres Manrique, Sonia Karsan, Tamara Spikes, Anuj Nanavanti, Jared Bailey, Eric Coker, Christine C Ekenga","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00935-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00935-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historical redlining, a racially discriminatory practice implemented by the US government in the 1930s, has been associated with present-day environmental outcomes. However, there is limited research examining the relationship between historical redlining and contemporary housing quality. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between historical redlining and contemporary housing quality in Atlanta, Georgia. Spatial patterns of housing code violation complaints from 2015 to 2019 were examined using point-pattern and spatial cluster analyses. We used Bayesian hierarchical models, accounting for spatial autocorrelation, to estimate associations between historical redlining and housing complaints, after adjusting for contemporary neighborhood characteristics, such as poverty, median structure age, vacant and renter-occupied properties, and residential racial segregation. A total of 48,626 housing code violation complaints were reported during the study period, including 6531 complaints deemed \"hazardous.\" Historical redlining was a statistically significant predictor of housing complaints. We observed a 167% increased risk (IRR = 2.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.49, 4.77) of housing complaints for historically redlined neighborhoods compared to neighborhoods historically graded as \"best\" or \"still desirable,\" after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics. Redlined neighborhoods also had an increased risk of \"hazardous\" housing complaints (IRR = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.11, 3.40), after adjusting for contemporary neighborhood characteristics. Historically redlined neighborhoods exhibited disproportionately higher rates of housing code violation complaints. Spatial analysis of housing code violation complaints can provide insights into housing quality and inform interventions targeted at addressing the environmental legacy of structural racism.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142957994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Perceived Neighborhood Environment on Cannabis Use during Pregnancy among African American Women.","authors":"Ban Al-Sahab, Cassandra LaMarche, Xiaoyu Liang, Rhonda Dailey, Dawn P Misra","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00958-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00958-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental context is an important predictor of health behavior. Understanding its effect on cannabis use among pregnant women is yet to be understood. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of perceived neighborhood environment on prenatal cannabis use and explore the mediating role of stress. Data are from the Life-Course Influences on Fetal Environments Study (LIFE), a retrospective cohort of postpartum African American women in Metropolitan Detroit, Michigan (2009-2011). Prenatal cannabis use was defined as self-reported ever use during pregnancy. Three perceived neighborhood scales were considered: social cohesion and trust, social disorder, and danger and safety. Out of 1,369 women, 151 (11.0%) self-reported using cannabis during pregnancy. After adjusting for age, marital status, income, years of education, and general social support scale, the odds of cannabis use significantly increased among the lowest quartiles of all the neighborhood scales suggesting higher cannabis use among women who perceived their neighborhoods to have the worst conditions. Compared to the highest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) for the lowest quartiles for social cohesion and trust, social disorder, and danger and safety were 1.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-3.03), 1.83 (95% CI: 1.15-2.91), and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.12-3.31) respectively. Evidence of mediation by perceived stress was only present between the association of perceived levels of safety and danger with cannabis use during pregnancy. Future prospective studies are warranted to understand the causal associations between individual correlates and social and physical environmental factors of prenatal cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing and Optimizing the Distribution of Blood Lead Level Testing for Children in New York City: A Data-Driven Approach.","authors":"Khalifa Afane, Juntao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00920-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00920-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates blood lead level (BLL) rates and testing among children under 6 years of age across the 42 neighborhoods in New York City from 2005 to 2021. Despite a citywide general decline in BLL rates, disparities at the neighborhood level persist and are not addressed in the official reports, highlighting the need for this comprehensive analysis. In this paper, we analyze the current BLL testing distribution and cluster the neighborhoods using a k-medoids clustering algorithm. We propose an optimized approach that improves resource allocation efficiency by accounting for case incidences and neighborhood risk profiles using a grid search algorithm. Our findings demonstrate statistically significant improvements in case detection and enhanced fairness by focusing on under-served and high-risk groups. Additionally, we propose actionable recommendations to raise awareness among parents, including outreach at local daycare centers and kindergartens, among other venues.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Involuntary Displacement of People Experiencing Homelessness and Crime in Denver, CO: A Spatiotemporal Analysis.","authors":"Pranav Padmanabhan, Cole Jurecka, Samantha K Nall, Jesse L Goldshear, Joshua A Barocas","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00924-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00924-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, approximately 580,000 people experienced homelessness in the United States. In response, many cities have implemented \"camping ban\" policies enforced by involuntary displacement of homeless encampments. Displacement has been cited as a strategy to protect public health and safety. However, there is mixed evidence that displacement is effective in reducing crime, while it is associated with other adverse health outcomes. To evaluate the neighborhood-level association between displacement and crime, we performed a retrospective (November 2019 to July 2023) pre-post spatiotemporal analysis using administrative data from Denver, CO. We used the Knox test statistic to detect excess clustering and change in total crime, as well as crime stratified by the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) category, within spatiotemporal proximity to displacement events. We found that, on average, clustering of crime is high both before and after displacement. Within a 0.25-mile radius, displacement is associated with a statistically significant but modest decrease in crime, between - 9.3% within 7 days (p < 0.001) and - 3.9% within 21 days (p = 0.002). We found no consistent change in composite crime at a 0.5- or 0.75-mile radius. Hyperlocal decreases were driven by significant decreases in public disorder and auto theft, while crimes against persons increased and displayed high clustering post-displacement. There were no changes in any other offense type. Involuntary displacement is not consistently associated with changes in clustering of crime and may exacerbate violence in nearby areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Neighborhood Greenspaces Associated with Leisure-time Physical Activity? Results from ELSA-Brasil Eight-year Follow-up.","authors":"Luciene Fátima Fernandes Almeida, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Maria Conceição Chagas Almeida, Isabela Judith Bensenor, Paulo Andrade Lotufo, Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina, Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso, Luana Giatti","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00896-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00896-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated whether neighborhood greenspaces were associated with physical activity in adulthood over 3 cohort visits after considering perceived safety and neighborhood contextual factors. We also evaluated whether the association with greenspace varied by neighborhood socioeconomic status. Participants (N = 4,800) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) residing in two Brazilian state capitals were evaluated in Visits 1 (2008-2010), 2 (2012-2014) and 3 (2017-2019). Greenspaces were categorized by quintiles of positive Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) scores. Physical activity frequency was given by the number of visits at which participants reported moderate/vigorous physical activity (none, 1 or 2, and 3 visits). We used multinomial logistic regression. After adjustment for age, sex, education, research center, residence in slums, individuals in the 4th and 5th NDVI quintiles showed 73% higher odds of physical activity over 3 visits than those in the 1st quintile (4th quintile: 95%CI = 1.24-2.43; 5th quintile: 95%CI = 1.24-2.41). The strength of the association was attenuated after adjustment for perceived safety. After adjustment for contextual factors quantity of sidewalks and streetlights, the OR for the 4th and 5th NDVI quintiles decreased to 1.66 (95%CI = 1.18-2.33) and 1.62 (95%CI = 1.16-2.28), respectively. Finally, after including average household income per capita, the OR for physical activity in 3 visits for the 4th and 5th NDVI quintiles decreased to 1.48 (95%CI = 1.04-2.12) and 1.43 (95%CI = 1.00-2.04; p = 0.053), respectively. Greater greenspace contributed to sustained physical activity during the eight years of follow-up, indicating the potential contribution of public greenspaces to reducing health-related inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1155-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Living and Longevity: Examining Mortality by Floor of Residence in an Elderly Population.","authors":"Bigina N R Ginos, Trudy Voortman, M Arfan Ikram","doi":"10.1007/s11524-024-00937-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-024-00937-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies investigating the potential health effects of floor of residence have reported conflicting results. In the Rotterdam Study, we examined associations between floor and mortality among elderly residents of a neighborhood of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants who were high-rise residents at baseline (n = 2330) were followed for 10 years, until loss to follow-up or death (N = 602). Cox proportional hazard models revealed nonlinear association of floor of residence with mortality, albeit not statistically significant across all floor categories. Compared to floors 13 and above, adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] were: 1.31 [0.89-1.95] (floors 1-2), 1.52 [1.04-2.22] (floors 3-4), 1.07 [0.73-1.57] (floors 5-6), 1.12 [0.76-1.66] (floors 7-8), 1.45 [0.96-2.18] (floors 9-10), and 1.04 [0.69-1.58] (floors 11-12). In this prospective population-based cohort of elderly adults in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, a nonlinear association was observed between floor level of residence and mortality, with stronger associations observed at lower floors compared to the highest floors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1200-1206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}