{"title":"Magnocellular-biased interocular integration during onset rivalry in normal vision and binocular imbalance.","authors":"Yuye Zhang, Shuyang Guo, Xinghuai Sun, Peng Zhang, Sheng He, Chen Zhao, Wen Wen","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.10.8","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.10.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have indicated that the magnocellular (M) pathway may resist binocular rivalry, but the roles of the M and parvocellular (P) pathways in binocular rivalry and integration have been unclear, as was whether these pathways show different deficits in visual disorders. This study used a self-designed dichoptic paradigm to investigate the roles of the M and P pathways in interocular integration and onset rivalry in normal and unbalanced vision. Results showed that interocular motion integration increased with higher temporal and lower spatial frequencies, aligning with M pathway properties. The normal group had significantly higher integration compared to amblyopia, acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE), and intermittent exotropia (IXT) groups, with amblyopia patients showing the lowest integration. These findings suggest that M pathway-biased information persists during onset rivalry in both normal and impaired vision, with amblyopia showing more severe impairment but still integrating some M pathway-biased information. Despite realigned eyes, strabismus patients exhibit abnormal binocular interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 10","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of VisionPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2022-05-27DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06766-0
Marco Batista, Luis Ramos, Jorge Santos, João Serrano, João Petrica, Samuel Honório
{"title":"Profile of self-concept and self-esteem on the academic performance among practitioners of physical education and extracurricular activities in middle-school students.","authors":"Marco Batista, Luis Ramos, Jorge Santos, João Serrano, João Petrica, Samuel Honório","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06766-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06766-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The deprivation of components that exercise the body and mind by children and adolescents can lead to numerous long-term consequences in terms of physical health (cardiovascular diseases, bone problems, high cholesterol, obesity) and mental health (depression, low self-esteem and social isolation).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This investigation intended to identify a profile of self-concept and self-esteem, on the academic performance of middle-school children between practitioners of curricular physical education and extracurricular sport activities. The participants consisted of a total of 107 students, 55 (51.4%) were males and 52 (48.6%) were female, aged between 10 and 12 years. A total of 41 children (38.3%) attending the fifth grade and 66 children (61.7%) the sixth grade were randomly selected. The data collection instrument, Self-concept of Susan Harter validated for the Portuguese population was used and it was proceeded to a descriptive and inferential statistics data analysis to confront the mean levels of self-concept, global self-esteem and academic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As an influence of hours of weekly practice, we found statistically significant differences in terms of academic performance, that is, as the student practices more hours of physical exercise, there is a tendency for the student to obtain better academic results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Apparently, the practice of extracurricular sport activities by students promotes a significant evolution in the formation of self-concept and academic performance, as well as suggesting a positive evolutionary trend in the formation of self-esteem of students who practice the several extracurricular sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"16 1","pages":"320-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87030629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juni B Akselberg, Sara B Cardona, Mikkel Dybvad, Lise Martine Karlstad, Malin Langemyr, Ingrid A Mellingsæter-Jokic, Mats K K Moe, Amalie C Solvang, Andrey Chetverikov
{"title":"Between repulsion and attraction in serial biases: Replication of Chen and Bae (2024).","authors":"Juni B Akselberg, Sara B Cardona, Mikkel Dybvad, Lise Martine Karlstad, Malin Langemyr, Ingrid A Mellingsæter-Jokic, Mats K K Moe, Amalie C Solvang, Andrey Chetverikov","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.8.13","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.8.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What you see depends on what you have seen before, and commonly your perception is drawn toward the past. Such attractive biases, known as serial dependence, are well established for many visual features. Interestingly, Chen and Bae (2024, Cognition) recently reported a repulsive serial bias in a pointing direction estimation task that switched to an attractive one in the presence of a distracting task. At the same time, an analysis of response trajectories revealed a repulsive bias during response execution, irrespective of the condition. These surprising findings prompted us to attempt a replication. We confirmed the main findings of Chen and Bae. However, we also demonstrated that the overall direction and magnitude of the bias are relatively stable for a given observer, regardless of the condition. Furthermore, we found that already the very first moment in the response trajectory differed between conditions, showing a predominantly attractive bias for trials that ended with attraction. The results confirm the robustness of the original findings and pose a challenge for a simple Bayesian model of serial dependence, highlighting the need for computational models that can explain both attractive and repulsive biases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 8","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthony P Atkinson, Nazire Duran, Abigail Skraga, Anita Winterbottom, Jack D Wright
{"title":"Distinct contributions of foveal and extrafoveal visual information to emotion judgments and gaze behavior for faces.","authors":"Anthony P Atkinson, Nazire Duran, Abigail Skraga, Anita Winterbottom, Jack D Wright","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.8.4","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.8.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The precise contributions of foveal and extrafoveal visual processing to facial emotion recognition and to how individuals gaze at faces remain poorly understood. We used gaze-contingent masking and windowing to control foveal and extrafoveal inputs while observers (N = 35) classified the emotion (anger, disgust, fear, surprise, sadness) on face images. Emotion classification performance was substantially reduced by the absence of extrafoveal information but was unaffected by the absence of foveal information. Gaze decoding showed that fixation patterns discriminated viewed emotion categories regardless of whether either foveal or extrafoveal information was absent or both were present, more so when observers provided correct responses. Although fixations clustered around the eyes, nose, and upper mouth, emotion-specific biases in fixation densities aligned with regions previously identified as emotion diagnostic, and, for trials with incorrect responses, with locations informative of the most confused emotion. Even without extrafoveal information, necessitating top-down guidance of gaze, fixations were biased to these same emotion-informative regions. Yet, the spatiotemporal sequencing of fixations differed in the absence versus presence of extrafoveal information. Fixation patterns also predicted stimulus presentation conditions, most evident in differences due to the absence versus presence of extrafoveal rather than foveal inputs. Thus, where one looks on a face impacts the ability to determine its emotional expression, not only via the higher resolving power of foveal vision but also by the extrafoveal extraction of task-relevant information and guidance of gaze, and possibly also via the interplay between foveal and extrafoveal vision that underpins presaccadic attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 8","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda L Ribeiro, Noah C Benson, Alexander M Puckett
{"title":"Human retinotopic mapping: From empirical to computational models of retinotopy.","authors":"Fernanda L Ribeiro, Noah C Benson, Alexander M Puckett","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.8.14","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.8.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The visual cortex encodes the visual field through numerous bilaterally paired, topologically organized two-dimensional maps along the cortical surface. Although these representations exhibit a largely consistent organization across individuals, substantial interindividual variability exists in both the structure and functional organization of the visual cortex. To better characterize this variability, researchers have increasingly turned to computational approaches, alongside empirical methodologies and encoding models, to predict individual-level retinotopic organization. As these advances continue to shape the study of retinotopic organization, it is crucial to revisit the methodologies used to generate and model these maps. In this review, we examine empirical and theoretical work aimed at reconstructing and modeling visual field maps in the human visual cortex. Specifically, we discuss how empirical retinotopic mapping has facilitated the development of theoretical and computational models of retinotopy and, in turn, how these models have enhanced our understanding of the retinotopic organization of the human visual cortex. Finally, we outline a non-exhaustive set of future directions for leveraging models of retinotopy to further investigate structure-function relationships, interindividual variability, and more.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 8","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ocular drift shakes the stationary view on pattern vision.","authors":"Lynn Schmittwilken, Marianne Maertens","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.8.17","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.8.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms by which the visual system extracts key features (i.e., edges) from the visual input remain not fully understood. As reflected in the term spatial vision, pattern vision is traditionally assumed to operate on stationary visual inputs. However, our eyes are never truly still. Involuntary eye movements, specifically ocular drift, continuously alter the visual input during fixations and redistribute its power, emphasizing high spatial frequency contents. In this study, we examine the role of ocular drift on edge sensitivity in noise. We show that drift-induced shifts in stimulus power lead to better predictions of the empirical data, consistent with the human contrast sensitivity function. We then incorporate drift into a mechanistic model of spatial vision to test whether this further improves model predictions. Surprisingly, the original spatial model outperforms the drift-enhanced version. It does so in an interesting way: It artificially compensates for the absence of drift by redistributing the activity across its spatial frequency channels in later processing stages, effectively mimicking the effect of a dynamic input without explicitly modeling it. By contrast, a simpler model with a single spatial frequency channel benefits from drift but performs poorly when drift is removed. These findings suggest that standard model architectures inherently favor a stationary view of visual processing, which could result in self-confirming theories. Incorporating the dynamic nature of the visual input may offer a more accurate model of how the brain processes key features of natural scenes. However, doing so requires a critical reassessment of long-standing frameworks in visual neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 8","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Bertolasi, Davide Esposito, Anna Vitale, Monica Gori
{"title":"Exploring the role of serial dependence in visual time perception.","authors":"Jessica Bertolasi, Davide Esposito, Anna Vitale, Monica Gori","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.8.7","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.8.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serial dependence biases current perception based on recent experiences, creating continuity in subjective experience. Although extensively studied in vision across tasks such as numerosity, orientation discrimination, and attractiveness, its effect on visual time perception remains partially unexplored. Here, we investigated serial dependence in visual temporal perception, using two common tasks: temporal interval duration discrimination and temporal reproduction. In the discrimination task, participants judged whether the second of three visual stimuli was longer or shorter than the third, with the first stimulus being irrelevant, to induce serial dependence on the second stimulus. In the temporal reproduction task, participants were asked to reproduce an interval presented between two visual stimuli by pressing a button. Given the debate concerning the origin of the serial dependence effect and possible relation with memory processing, we also investigated the relationship between serial dependence and working memory capacity using a Corsi test. Our results showed that serial dependence does occur in visual time perception, but no relationship was found between the effect of the two tasks and memory retention capacity. The lack of correlation between serial dependence effects suggests that different processes may be involved in serial dependence across the two types of tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 8","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concurrent emergence of view invariance, sensitivity to critical features, and identity face classification through visual experience: Insights from deep learning algorithms.","authors":"Mandy Rosemblaum, Nitzan Guy, Idan Grosbard, Libi Kliger, Naphtali Abudarham, Galit Yovel","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.8.2","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.8.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual experience is known to play a critical role in face recognition. This experience is thought to enable the formation of a view-invariant representation by learning which features are critical to identify faces across views. Discovering these critical features and the type of experience that is needed to uncover them is challenging. A recent study revealed a subset of facial features that are critical for human face recognition. Furthermore, face-trained deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) were sensitive to these facial features. These findings enable us now to ask what type of face experience is required for the network to become sensitive to these human-like critical features, and whether it is associated with the formation of a view-invariant representation and face classification performance. To that end, we systematically manipulated the number of within-identity and between-identity face images during training and examined its effect on the network performance on face classification, view-invariant representation, and sensitivity to human-like critical facial features. Results show that increasing the number of images per identity, as well as the number of identities were both required for the simultaneous development of a view-invariant representation, sensitivity to human-like critical features, and successful identity classification. The concurrent emergence of sensitivity to critical features, view invariance and classification performance through experience implies that they depend on similar features. Overall, we show how systematic manipulation of the training diet of DCNNs can shed light on the role of experience in the generation of human-like representations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 8","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regularities in temporal context influence the window of temporal integration.","authors":"Ramya Mudumba, Narayanan Srinivasan","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.8.11","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.8.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perceptual content is integrated as it unfolds in real time within temporal windows. Understanding the dynamics of temporal integration requires understanding the influence of an ongoing temporal context. Toward this goal, we developed a novel paradigm of temporal integration where two halves of a Kanizsa square are integrated together (seen as a full square) or segregated (not seen as a full square) as a function of a temporal gap between them. The two halves are embedded within a preceding and succeeding context of rotating Kanizsa discs leading up to and trailing away from them. We wanted to investigate whether integration is subject to frames of interest or whether the dynamics of the context influence form-part integration. Through three experiments, we manipulated the nature of the rotation: (a) the context being temporally correlated or random in Experiment 1, (b) the variance of the temporally correlated context in Experiment 2, and (c) the mean of the temporally correlated context in Experiment 3. Our results showed that the sensitivity of seeing an integrated square was better when the context aided anticipation of the target frames, the effect being selective at different inter-stimulus intervals depending on the properties of the context. We interpret these results in light of a probabilistic view of temporal windows of integration. Our results provide evidence for an inherent adaptiveness in the extent or window of temporal integration. The results also reinforce the general account of extended temporal processing and iterative updating and inform rough timescales of context effects on this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 8","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantification of retinotopic maps with a Gaussian process modeling.","authors":"Sebastian Waz, Yalin Wang, Zhong-Lin Lu","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.8.20","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.8.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual neuroscientists use blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI data to delineate the structure and boundaries of visual-field representations on the human cortex, a process called retinotopic mapping. Although the population receptive field (PRF) model facilitates receptive-field estimation for cortical voxels, retinotopic map quantification still faces challenges. In vivo, retinotopic areas exhibit consistent topology, but modeling this topology is often disrupted by limited resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, automated segregation of visual areas, including the fovea, is lacking. We address these challenges with three innovations: (1) extended polar angle parametrization, (2) cortical anchor point identification, and (3) map estimation via a Gaussian process model. The Gaussian process provided significantly improved estimated generalization error than linear regression and reduced topological violations in estimated maps from 49.2% to 31.5% along the total analyzed cortical mesh from the left hemispheres of 181 subjects from the Human Connectome Project. It automatically defined precise boundaries between the six discrete visual areas, along which the mean 95% credible interval width was 0.104 π rad. Along the estimated eccentricity contour of 3°, the mean 95% credible interval width was 0.586°. We estimated the foveal confluence location from fMRI to be systematically more dorsal and medial than the occipital pole across all subjects. This Gaussian process modeling approach offers a more accurate and reliable method for quantifying retinotopic maps.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 8","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}