Journal of Vision最新文献_第5页

Poster Session: Chromatic blur detection differences as a function of refractive error. 海报部分：色光模糊检测差异作为屈光不正的函数。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.18

Maria Vinas-Pena, Paulina Dotor-Goytia, Elena Moreno, Victor Rodriguez-Lopez

{"title":"Poster Session: Chromatic blur detection differences as a function of refractive error.","authors":"Maria Vinas-Pena, Paulina Dotor-Goytia, Elena Moreno, Victor Rodriguez-Lopez","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.18","url":null,"abstract":"Visual information modulates eye growth. The retina integrates optical signals of opposite sign, recognizes it and generates molecular signals specific to its sign, stimulating or inhibiting eye growth, via scleral remodeling. However, the optical cues that modulate eye growth (i.e., the visual input from the outside world) are rarely well-defined homogenous patches of light or dark but typically a mixture of large- and small-scale structures that interact with the dynamics of visual function (i.e., accommodation, neural adaptation, among others). Recently, the perception of contrast has emerged as a possible cue for emmetropization because optical defocus leads to a proportional degradation of contrast at the edges of the images, whereby the retina would use the contrast of the edges to determine the focal plane, and color contrast to identify the sign of defocus. Moreover, detection mechanisms of the visual system are modified after prolonged exposure to a degraded stimulus, with the role of native aberrations being increased in early-onset myopes, suggesting potential differences in neural sensitivity to blur, and therefore in defocus detection (of different signs and wavelengths). The aim of this study is to investigate the perception of combined optical cues using an Adaptive Optics visual simulator to shed light on the underlying stimulus detection mechanisms guiding eye growth.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contributed talks II: Differential effects of chromatic and luminance flicker on detection of large versus small visual stimuli. 贡献演讲II：色度闪烁和亮度闪烁对大与小视觉刺激检测的不同影响。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.37

J T Pirog, William S Tuten

{"title":"Contributed talks II: Differential effects of chromatic and luminance flicker on detection of large versus small visual stimuli.","authors":"J T Pirog, William S Tuten","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.37","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that detectability of large spots (≥ 1°) can be reduced following exposure to temporal contrast modulation. We examined detection thresholds of small, diffraction-limited flashes following flicker presented in various spatiochromatic configurations with an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope. Circular, 543 nm increments of varying diameter (1, 3, or 23 arcmin) were presented to the fovea for on a 1.4° background following presentation of isoluminant (i.e., red/green) or isochromatic (i.e., orange/black) checkerboards flickering at 3.75 Hz. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; relative to flicker offset) varied between 33 and 500 ms, and detection thresholds were obtained at each SOA using an adaptive staircase procedure. Compared to control measurements, sensitivity to the 23 arcmin stimulus was reduced following both chromatic and luminance flicker. The magnitude of flicker-induced sensitivity loss decreased as SOA increased, reaching a plateau at ~250 ms at a level ~0.3 log units below control sensitivity. These results suggest that larger spots engage mechanisms susceptible to both short-term and sustained desensitization processes. In comparison, the detectability of the 1 and 3 arcmin stimuli was largely unaffected by exposure to flicker of either type, implying small spots engage a more complex confluence of pathways in processing. Further investigation is necessary to untangle the pathway(s) mediating detection of small spots.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contributed talks II: Environmental calibration of perceived white. 贡献演讲II：感知白色的环境校准。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.35

Daniel Garside, John Maule, Alice Skelton, Shoaib Nabil, Sarjo Kuyateh, Almina Selimovic, Amanda Lindberg, Mahdis Jafari, Mikolaj Hernik, Bruno Laeng, Jenny Bosten, Anna Franklin

{"title":"Contributed talks II: Environmental calibration of perceived white.","authors":"Daniel Garside, John Maule, Alice Skelton, Shoaib Nabil, Sarjo Kuyateh, Almina Selimovic, Amanda Lindberg, Mahdis Jafari, Mikolaj Hernik, Bruno Laeng, Jenny Bosten, Anna Franklin","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.35","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proposed that colour perception is calibrated to the chromatic statistics of the environment. Here we investigate whether perceived white is calibrated to the chromatic statistics of the local current 'visual diet'. We compare achromatic settings for participants in Norway living above (Tromsø, N = 165) or below (Oslo, N = 158) the Arctic Circle and across seasons. To capture the local visual diets we used images from colour-calibrated head-mounted cameras worn during daily life. For each image we computed average chromaticity (L/(L+M) and S/(L+M)) and the amount of blue-yellow bias in the distribution of chromaticities. We find that perceived white is warmer (higher L/(L+M) and lower S/(L+M)), and more blue-yellow biased for observers living in Oslo compared to Tromsø. However, visual diets were warmer and more blue-yellow biased in Tromsø compared to Oslo. Perceived white did not vary significantly with season, yet visual diets were warmest in the winter. In order to explore the effects of visual environment in early life, we also investigate how perceived white varies with latitude of birth and season of birth for participants living in Tromsø. Perceived white was lower in S/(L+M) (yellower) for adults born below the Arctic Circle than adults born above, and was higher in L/(L+M) (redder) for adults born in the summer. Combined, the findings suggest a possible link between colour perception and visual diet, and we discuss potential mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poster Session: In search of Attention Restoration: does the statistical stability of natural images support enhanced visual cognition? 海报会议：寻找注意力恢复：自然图像的统计稳定性是否支持增强的视觉认知？

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.43

Shoaib Nabil, John Maule

{"title":"Poster Session: In search of Attention Restoration: does the statistical stability of natural images support enhanced visual cognition?","authors":"Shoaib Nabil, John Maule","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.43","url":null,"abstract":"Stable visual ensemble statistics can support performance on a visual search task (e.g. Corbett and Melcher, 2014). Such results may indicate improvements in the efficiency of visual cognition in response to a more predictable environment. Observations of improved cognition when immersed in nature (e.g. Berman et al., 2008) have been related to concepts of perceptual fluency and Attention Restoration. We investigated whether the statistical stability of natural scenes could be the underlying mechanism supporting enhancements in visual cognition related to natural images. In experiment 1, we replicated the first study from Corbett and Melcher (2014), showing that sequences of trials with a stable mean size of Gabor elements results in enhanced visual search for an orientation singleton target, compared to sequences with an unstable mean size. In experiment 2, we embedded visual search targets within a set of natural scene images. We leveraged existing variation in the image statistics between images to present sequences where the slope of the Fourier amplitude spectrum was relatively stable (gradually increasing/decreasing) or unstable (randomly ordered). The results have implications for our understanding of the effect of the visual environment on visuo-cognitive functions and the extraction of image statistics by the visual system. We discuss the likely role for eye movements in sampling natural scenes.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invited Session IV: The visual ecology of colour and light: Influences of the colour statistics of natural scenes on colour perception. 特邀会议四：色彩与光的视觉生态：自然场景色彩统计对色彩感知的影响。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.54

Jenny M Bosten

引用次数: 0

hMT+ activity predicts the effect of spatial attention on surround suppression. hMT+活性预测空间注意对包围抑制的影响。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.4.12

Merve Kiniklioglu, Huseyin Boyaci

{"title":"hMT+ activity predicts the effect of spatial attention on surround suppression.","authors":"Merve Kiniklioglu, Huseyin Boyaci","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Surround suppression refers to the decrease in behavioral sensitivity and neural response to a central stimulus due to the presence of surrounding stimuli. Several aspects of surround suppression in human motion perception have been studied in detail, including its atypicality in some clinical populations. However, how the extent of spatial attention affects the strength of surround suppression has not been systematically studied before. To address this question, we presented human participants with \"center\" and \"surround\" drifting gratings and sought to find whether attending only to the center (\"narrow attention\") versus both to the center and surround (\"wide attention\") modulates the suppression strength in motion processing. Using psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured motion direction discrimination thresholds and cortical activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) and middle temporal complex (hMT+). We found increased perceptual thresholds and, thus, stronger surround suppression under the wide-attention condition. We also found that the pattern of hMT+ activity was consistent with the behavioral results. Furthermore, a mathematical model that combines spatial attention and divisive normalization was able to explain the pattern in the behavioral and fMRI results. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how attention affects center-surround interactions and suggest possible neural mechanisms with relevance to both basic and clinical vision science.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 4","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invited Session III: Machine Learning and AI Approaches to Retinal Diagnostics: Towards more robust AI models in ophthalmology. 邀请会议三：视网膜诊断的机器学习和人工智能方法：在眼科中建立更强大的人工智能模型。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.29

Adam M Dubis, Mustafa Arikan, James Willoughby, Watjana Lilaonitkul

{"title":"Invited Session III: Machine Learning and AI Approaches to Retinal Diagnostics: Towards more robust AI models in ophthalmology.","authors":"Adam M Dubis, Mustafa Arikan, James Willoughby, Watjana Lilaonitkul","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.29","url":null,"abstract":"Robust processes have been established to review and approve new treatments options within ophthalmic care, whether pharmaceuticals or medical devices. These processes are designed to ensure that any new medical product is safe, effective, and well-understood in terms of its functionality. In contrast, the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has been heralded as a game-changer in healthcare, promising to transform patient care, doctor-patient interactions, and back-office functions. While AI's potential has been demonstrated by numerous groups worldwide, applying the same rigorous standards used for medical product approval reveals several areas where AI must improve. In this talk, I will focus on our group's efforts to develop safe and robust AI models for various ophthalmology functions. Specifically, we will explore how using uncertainty can determine data value and enhance model robustness, both within individual models and against adversarial attacks. These strategies will be applied to tasks such as segmentation, classification, and object detection. One of the significant challenges in developing medical AI is dealing with imbalanced data, especially when identifying small objects. We will also review cutting-edge attention-based network features that can be developed to address these challenges and leverage known structures within retinal anatomy, particularly in object detection tasks.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contributed Talks I: A paradoxical misperception of relative motion at the fovea. 演讲一：对中央凹相对运动的矛盾误解。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.7

Josephine C D'Angelo, Pavan Tiruveedhula, Raymond J Weber, David W Arathorn, Austin Roorda

{"title":"Contributed Talks I: A paradoxical misperception of relative motion at the fovea.","authors":"Josephine C D'Angelo, Pavan Tiruveedhula, Raymond J Weber, David W Arathorn, Austin Roorda","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"Images moving in a direction consistent with retinal slip appear stable even if that motion is amplified. This persists even in the presence of a world-fixed background, giving rise to a misperception of relative motion. This was previously explored 2° away from the line-of-sight. We asked: Does this phenomenon persist closer to the fovea? Would an image slipping with only a quarter of the retinal slip relative to a world-fixed image be perceived as stable? We implemented a novel method presenting: a fixation target and two circular images offset on either side horizontally by 0.43°, through an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope. The left image moved independently on a random walk and the right image moved contingent to retinal motion. Subjects adjusted the random walk image's magnitude of motion until it appeared to match the retina-contingent image's motion, quantifying its perceived motion. We found a surprising discontinuity in the results: with background content present, images slipping consistent with the eye's motion appeared stable, even if slipping with a quarter of the retinal slip, while images moving inconsistent with retinal motion appear to move. When all background content was removed, the perception of motion was entirely different. These results confirm that in the fovea, the visual system perceptually suppresses motion of images that move in directions consistent with retinal slip and that background content is crucial for this computation.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invited Session III: Machine Learning and AI Approaches to Retinal Diagnostics: Using AI to predict age, sex and disease from retinal OCT images. 邀请会议三：视网膜诊断的机器学习和人工智能方法：利用人工智能从视网膜OCT图像中预测年龄、性别和疾病。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.30

Anya Hurlbert

{"title":"Invited Session III: Machine Learning and AI Approaches to Retinal Diagnostics: Using AI to predict age, sex and disease from retinal OCT images.","authors":"Anya Hurlbert","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.30","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple factors - from normally varying characteristics including age and sex to various disease processes - contribute to individual differences in how people see. In turn, these factors may be associated with subtle differences in the anatomy of the neural structures underpinning vision, from the eye to visual cortex. We - the OCTAHEDRON project team - examine whether AI models can learn to predict individual characteristics and diagnose neurodegenerative diseases from such structural variations embedded in retinal OCT images. The AI models are built from large datasets of annotated and unannotated OCT images, from northeast England NHS Hospital trusts, the UK Biobank and elsewhere. One model exploits a CNN-based retinal layer segmentation algorithm (NDD-SEG), designed to be robust across individuals, diseases and imaging instruments, to generate thickness maps feeding a further classification model which differentiates between individuals with and without multiple sclerosis, achieving 97% balanced accuracy. Other results I will describe compare different techniques - CNN, transformer and traditional machine learning regression methods - to predict sex and age, and ultimately to differentiate between generally healthy and unhealthy ageing trajectories.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poster Session: The effect of fixational eye-movements on the temporal summation at detection threshold: A simulation study. 海报环节：注视眼动对检测阈值时间累加的影响：模拟研究。

IF 2 4区心理学

Journal of Vision Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1167/jov.25.5.24

Zahra M Bagheri, Allie C Schneider, Mengxin Wang, David H Brainard, Hannah E Smithson

{"title":"Poster Session: The effect of fixational eye-movements on the temporal summation at detection threshold: A simulation study.","authors":"Zahra M Bagheri, Allie C Schneider, Mengxin Wang, David H Brainard, Hannah E Smithson","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.24","url":null,"abstract":"We explored how fixational eye movements (FEMs) affect threshold temporal summation of increment pulses using realistic simulations of early visual processing. Using the Image Systems Engineering Toolbox for Biology, we assessed performance in a spatial 2AFC increment detection task, where the observer identified whether a stimulus appeared on the left or right. The signal-known-exactly ideal observer was trained on the noise-free photocurrent output of the cone mosaic for both stimulus alternatives, with performance calculated using noisy instances of photocurrents, given FEMs knowledge. The stimuli, modelled as 0.24x2.2 arcmin increments of 543 nm light presented via an AOSLO, included both a single 2 ms flash and pairs of flashes separated by interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 17 ms, 33 ms, 100 ms, or 300 ms. Detection thresholds, defined as the stimulus contrast corresponding to 75% correct, were assessed with and without FEMs. Without FEMs, thresholds for detecting two flashes separated by 17-100 ms slightly increased with ISI but remained lower than those for a single flash. With FEMs, the modelled differences between single- and two-flash thresholds were less pronounced, suggesting that, at the level of photocurrent signals, FEMs reduce the benefits of temporal summation for detection. Future work will quantify this reduction by simulating FEMs with varying velocities and explore if adding a temporal adaptation stage improves effect of FEMs' on performance.","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0