Laeknabladid最新文献

{"title":"[Shortages of medications in Iceland. Local reasons?]","authors":"Ragnar Bjarnason","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.11.765","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2023.11.765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 11","pages":"493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pneumococcal meningitis in children in Iceland - case report and summary].","authors":"Jens Stensrud, Oskar Orn Oskarsson, Helga Erlendsdottir, Valtyr Stefansson Thors","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.11.767","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2023.11.767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An eleven month old girl was referred to the pediatric emergency department at Landspitali Hospital due to fever and lethargy. On examination she was acutely ill with fluctuating level of conciousness. She deteriorated quickly after arrival at the emergency department and was diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis. In the past year several cases of bacterial meningitis have been diagnosed with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the most common pathogen. The disease causing serotypes have been serotypes that were not in the vaccine that was used in iceland and the Icelandic health authorities have decided to change the vaccination programme accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 11","pages":"504-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiology of polypharmacy in primary healthcare in the Reykjavik metropolitan area 2010-2019].","authors":"Dagur Andri Fridgeirsson Hjaltalin,&nbsp;Jon Steinar Jonsson,&nbsp;Kristjan Linnet,&nbsp;Emil Larus Sigurdsson,&nbsp;Anna Bryndis Blondal","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.10.762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2023.10.762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Taking medicines can induce risks leading to negative health issues that can grow in accordance with the number of medicines used. Many studies on the prevalence of polypharmacy have been carried out in other countries, but such studies are lacking in Iceland. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of polypharmacy in primary care in the Reykjavik metropolitan area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of individuals who had been prescribed five or more drugs by physicians in primary care in the Reykjavik metropolitan area during the study period. Data was collected on all drug prescriptions for individuals in the area. Those who had five or more drugs prescribed in the primary healthcare database from 1 January 2010 through 31 December 2019 were included in the study. According to Statistics Iceland, the total number of inhabitants in the area was 200.907 in 2010 and 228.222 in 2019.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The prevalence of polypharmacy increased gradually in 2010-2019, or by 37.9% during this period. Patients with polypharmacy were 9.8% (19.778) at the beginning of the study in 2010 and increased to 13.6% (30.970) in 2019. A clear association was observed between age and polypharmacy, and the study showed polypharmacy to be more common among women. The study findings revealed that the greatest relative increase in polypharmacy was among young people from 20-49 years of age. ATC class analysis showed a sharp increase in the first and third levels of the ATC subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest polypharmacy to be common in the Reykjavik metropolitan area. Similarly, its prevalence seems to be increasing in younger patients. It is important to gain a better understanding of the reasons for the development of polypharmacy and evaluate the increasing medicalisation in society. The underlying reasons, as well as the effects of polypharmacy, can lead to both positive and negative health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 10","pages":"446-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Simulation in medical education in Iceland].","authors":"Elsa Valsdottir,&nbsp;Hans Haraldsson,&nbsp;Asta Bryndís Schram,&nbsp;Peter Dieckmann","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.10.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2023.10.761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skills labs and simulation centers have become an integrated part of teaching methods in many medical schools. This study aims to describe the status of simulation in medical education in Iceland by examining student and faculty experience, facilitating and barring factors for its use in teaching and how the concept appears in the Course Catalog.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was threefold. In parts one and two, electronic surveys were sent to students and faculty members at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland. Part three was a key word search in the University´s course catalogue relating to simulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Response rate for both student and faculty surveys was 65%. Simulation as a teaching method was reported for 10% of faculty according to students but approximately a third of faculty, according to faculty. Attitudes of students and faculty were positive. Faculty, previously exposed to simulation, were more likely to use simulation, as were those who had received training in educational methods. Main barriers identified were lack of facilities, equipment, funds, and training. Key words related to simulation appeared rarely in the University Course Catalogue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Student and faculty experience with simulation is limited, less than third of faculty claim to have used simulation when teaching medical students. Barring factors in Iceland are similar to what has been reported elsewhere. Lack of words describing simulation in the Course Catalog may raise questions about emphasis on teaching methods or lack thereof. Potential ways to increase the use of simulation could be to improve infrastructure and offer training in diverse educational methods, including simulation, to selected faculty.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 10","pages":"439-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Export of knowledge jobs].","authors":"Magnus Gottfredsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.10.760","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2023.10.760","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 10","pages":"437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Migration of an intrauterine contraceptive device outside of the uterine cavity - a case report].","authors":"Gudrun Margret Vidarsdottir,&nbsp;Asgeir Bodvarsson,&nbsp;Helgi Kjartan Sigurdsson,&nbsp;Pall Helgi Moller","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.10.763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2023.10.763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a safe and common form of contraception. Uterine rupture and migration of the IUD is a rare complication of insertion but can be serious and cause damage to adjacent organs. We present a case report of a 43 year old woman with chronic abdominal pain who was diagnosed with an IUD in the wall of the sigmoid colon. That IUD had been inserted in the uterine cavity 22 years earlier.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 10","pages":"454-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41171879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Polypharmacy: Benefit or harm?]","authors":"Adalsteinn Gudmundsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.10.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2023.10.759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 10","pages":"435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evidence and lifestyle - New nordic recommendations about nutrition and diet - emphasis on sustainability].","authors":"Inga Thorsdottir,&nbsp;Birna Thorisdottir,&nbsp;Alfons Ramel,&nbsp;Thorhallur Halldorsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.09.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2023.09.757","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of research as basis for recommendations about lifestyle is discussed and especially recommendations about nutrition. Nordic recommendations on nutrients and diet with emphasis on sustainability are published 2023. Randomized trials, the strongest background for evidence based knowledge, are sometimes not possible to use when studying the influence of lifestyle on health. A tool applied in the Nordic recommendations 2023 evaluates the strength of relation between exposures (nutrients and food groups) and outcomes (health and environment), where research methods are observed and an organized quality control applied. The Interngovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates the share of food systems in global anthropogenic GHG emissions is 31% (23%-42%). Nations now work on cutting GHG emissions from food systems by strengthening food based dietary guidelines and including sustainability, which benefits both health and environment. The recommendations about nutrients 2023 use harmonized methods and new data on body size in the Nordics. The food based dietary guidelines 2023 meet people's requirements for nutrients and are healthy for the environment. Physicians and other health professions will have the possibility to stimulate people´s interest to adhere to the recommendations about nutrition and diet built on a stronger and broader basis than before.","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 9","pages":"395-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Unlicensed drugs in Iceland in the years 2020 and 2021 with comparison to Sweden in 2020].","authors":"Armey Valdemarsdottir,&nbsp;Anna Bryndis Blondal,&nbsp;Hjalti Kristinsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.09.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2023.09.756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prescriptions of unlicensed drugs along with public discussion have increased in recent years. The cause of this increase is unclear.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective descriptive study of applications of unlicensed drugs in Iceland in the years 2020 and 2021, as well as applications in Sweden for the year 2020. Information was collected on unlicensed prescription applications, registered drugs and stock-out time. Information was analyzed and categorized to describe the scope of unlicensed prescriptions in the two countries during the study time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Iceland, 49.161 applications were approved in 2020 and 46.581 in 2021. The most common reason for using unlicensed products was that no registered drug was on the market with the same ATC-number (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code) and formulation. Shortage of drug was the reason for unlicensed prescription in 8.8% of cases in 2020 and 7.6% in 2021. The list of the 50 most prescribed drugs included the same drugs in 70% of the cases in both years. The five most prescribed drugs were the same in both years. In Sweden, 38.458 applications were approved in 2020. Of the most prescribed unlicensed drug, 46% were as no registered drug with same ATC-number and dosage form was marketed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many unlicensed drugs, prescribed in Iceland, are the same year after year. Only a small part of the applications approved were due to shortage of drug. The use of drugs without marketing license in Iceland in 2020 was higher than in Sweden when adjusted for the size of the market and population. Getting the five most prescribed unlicensed drugs licensed in Iceland could reduce largely, the total of prescription of unlicensed drugs in Iceland.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 9","pages":"387-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Quis custodiet medicum?]","authors":"Tryggvi Helgason","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2023.09.755","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2023.09.755","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"109 9","pages":"385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}