Laeknabladid最新文献

{"title":"[Independent medical services are one of the cornerstones of icelandic healthcare].","authors":"Ragnar Freyr Ingvarsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.09.807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2024.09.807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 10","pages":"457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in adults in Icelandic and international context].","authors":"Helgi Kr Sigmundsson, Einar S Bjornsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.09.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2024.09.808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a common cause of swallowing difficulties in both children and adults. The incidence of EoE has been increasing over the past decades, which cannot be solely attributed to improved diagnostic techniques. EoE is more common in adults than in children. The diagnosis is confirmed by a biopsy from the esophageal mucosa showing a significant infiltration of eosinophils. Many patients respond to treatment with proton pump inhibitors, but those with severe EoE may require dietary modifications, topical steroids, and/or dilation of esophageal strictures. This review covers the incidence, risk factors, natural course, diagnosis, and treatment options for EoE, both within the Icelandic healthcare system andi n a broader context.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 10","pages":"458-463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Eosinophilic esophagitis].","authors":"Johann Pall Hreinsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.09.806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2024.09.806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 10","pages":"455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Licorice consumption can be life-threatening].","authors":"Olafur Orri Sturluson, Birgir Johannsson, Helga Agusta Sigurjonsdottir","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.09.809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2024.09.809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 71-year-old man came to the emergency department (ED) at Landspitali University Hospital after collapsing at his home. He had a severely decreased serum potassium concentration of 2.1 mmol/L (ref. 3,5-4,8 mmol/L), along with an influenza A infection and thigh muscle weakness. Further investigations revealed atrial fibrillation, new-onset hypertension and increased urinary excretion of potassium. Serum values of aldosterone and renin were under the limit of detection. The patient had consumed a significant amount of liquorice with marzipan, over 250g per day, in the days preceding his visit to the ED. He was subsequently diagnosed with liquorice-induced hypertension and syndome of apparent mineralocordicoid excess (pseudohyperaldosteronism). This case emphasizes the need for clinicians to be aware of the dangers of liquorice consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 10","pages":"464-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On autopilot: is it unevitable that our fast paced living drives us to ultra-processed foods?]","authors":"Anna Sigridur Olafsdottir","doi":"doi 10.17992/lbl.2024.09.803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/doi 10.17992/lbl.2024.09.803","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 9","pages":"401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[#ADHD].","authors":"Elvar Danielsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.09.802","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2024.09.802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 9","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The efficacy of magnetic transcranial stimulation in treating treatment-resistant or prolonged depression in a clinical sample].","authors":"Elin Maria Arnadottir, Nicolas Petur Blin, Jon Gauti Jonsson, Dagur Bjarnason, Engilbert Sigurdsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.09.805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2024.09.805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Depression is a common, serious and often chronic disorder and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The annual prevalence of depression is 5-10%, twice as high among women as men and the lifetime prevalence is at least 20%. Up to a third of depressed individuals meet criteria for treatment-resistant depression, where two antidepressants have been tried for at least 6 weeks each at therapeutic doses. As of January 2022 transcranial magnetic stimulation for adults with treatment-resistant depression that has not responded to other forms of treatment has been available by a service that is part of Primary Health Care of the Capital Area in Iceland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study where participants completed a course of magnetic transcranial treatment for depression in the years 2022 and 2023. Two validated self-rating measures were used to assess depression. Information on previous treatment approaches for depression was collected from electronic health records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>104 individuals completed the treatment in these first two years, 60,6% women. Most had unipolar depression (86,5%), but a small subgroup had bipolar depression (13,5%). The proportion of responders varied according to the measures used, 36,1% and 45,7%, respectively, and the same was true for remission where the proportions were 12,4% and 31,5%, respectively, higher for the longer inventory. The drop-out rate was only 12,5% and no serious adverse events were reported during the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results support that magnetic transcranial stimulation, as provided by this service is effective in treating treatment-resistant or longstanding depression in a real life clinical setting and the low drop-out rate supports that the treatment is generally very well tolerated.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 9","pages":"411-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[High prevalence of treatment with ADHD medicines indicates overdiagnosis of ADHD in Iceland].","authors":"Oddur Ingimarsson, Ragna Kristin Gudbrandsdottir, Bertrand Andre Marc Lauth, Engilbert Sigurdsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.09.804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2024.09.804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. For many the core symptoms become less troubling in adulthood. Treatment with stimulants is considered the most efficacious treatment for ADHD. Large high-quality studies have estimated the prevalence of AHDH to be 3,4-7,2% for children and adolescents and 2,5-6,8% for young adults. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of Icelanders who have received an ADHD diagnosis based on ADHD-medication prescriptions since an ADHD diagnosis is a prerequisite for such prescriptions in Iceland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based retrospective cohort study included all Icelanders 7-70 years old who received a prescription for an ADHD drug from 1.1.2004-31.12.2023. Every citizen receiving a prescription is included in the Icelandic Prescription Medicines Registry (IPMR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023 14,7% of youth, 7-17 years of age, received a prescription for an ADHD medication, 17,7% of boys and 11,6% of girls. Among 12-17 years old youth the proportion was higher still, 17,6%, 20,1% for boys and 14,6% for girls. For 18-44 years old adults the proportion was 10,2%, 9,4% for males and 11,0% for females. From 2010-2023 the increase in prescriptions for 7-17 years old boys has been 93% but 224% for girls. For 18-44 years old males the increase has been 414% for males and 543% for females during this period. The incidence of new ADHD prescriptions for 7-17 years old boys from 2021-2023 was 10,9 and 13,5 for girls per 1000, respectively. For 18-44 years old the incidence in the years 2021-2023 was 18,7 for males and 19,2 for females per 1000, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of Icelanders who have received an ADHD diagnosis is double to treble that observed in the best available studies in other populations. We therefore call for an urgent review of how ADHD diagnoses are made in Iceland because it is obvious that the current system leads to overdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 9","pages":"402-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[What time is it?]","authors":"Eirikur Jonsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.0708.799","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2024.0708.799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"110 7","pages":"353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary intake of patients with irritable bowel syndrome following a low FODMAP diet].","authors":"Ingunn Erla Ingvarsdóttir, Svava Engilbertsdottir, T. Halldorsson, E. S. Bjornsson, I. Gunnarsdottir","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2024.06.796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2024.06.796","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000High FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di, monosaccharides and polyols) foods have been linked with worsening symptoms of IBS patients. The aim was to compare gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary intake of patients with irritable bowel syndrome following a low FODMAP diet, with or without individual nutrition therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000A total of 54 patients that met Rome IV criteria for IBS were randomized into two groups, guided group (individual nutrition therapy, n=28) and self-management group (learned about low FODMAP diet online, n=26). Both groups followed low FODMAP diet for 4 weeks. Four-day food records were used to assess dietary intake. Symptoms were assessed by the IBS-severity scoring system (ISB-SSS).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The number of subjects who did not complete the study was 13, thereof five in the nutrition therapy and eight in the self-management group, leaving 23 and 18 subjects available for analysis, respectively. Symptoms declined from baseline to endpoint in both groups, by 183±101 points on average in the group receiving nutrition therapy (p< 0.001) and 132±110 points in the self-management group (p< 0.001), with no difference between groups. At baseline, about 80% of meals in both groups contained food high in FODMAP's. The corresponding proportion was 9% and 36% in week 3 in the nutrition therapy and self-management group, respectively (p< 0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Both groups experienced relieve of symptoms, but compliance to the low FODMAP diet was better in the group receiving individual nutrition therapy compared with the group who only received instructions on how to learn about low FODMAP diet online.","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"41 48","pages":"298-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}