Laeknabladid最新文献

IF 0.4 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.06.895

Bjorn Gunnarsson, Theodor Skuli Sigurdsson, Bergthor Steinn Jonsson

{"title":"[Sepsis in children].","authors":"Bjorn Gunnarsson, Theodor Skuli Sigurdsson, Bergthor Steinn Jonsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2026.06.895","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2026.06.895","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome that occurs when a dysregulated host response to infection results in organ dysfunction. Globally, approximately 50 million cases of sepsis are diagnosed each year, with children accounting for nearly half. Despite advances in vaccination and medical treatment, sepsis remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality worldwide, and many survivors experience long-term sequelae. The aim of this short review is to raise awareness of recent developments and to discuss key aspects of the diagnosis and management of pediatric sepsis. The clinical presentation of sepsis is often nonspecific, including symptoms such as fever, tachycardia, and increased respiratory rate, making diagnosis challenging. Systematic screening using clinical assessment tools, combined with targeted measurement of biomarkers, can facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Prognosis improves significantly when appropriate treatment is initiated promptly. It is therefore essential that physicians and other healthcare professionals maintain a high index of suspicion for sepsis, assess risk systematically, and actively seek clinical and biochemical signs of the condition. When sepsis is suspected, antimicrobial therapy should be administered as soon as possible, with blood cultures obtained beforehand if this does not cause significant delay. Judicious fluid resuscitation and frequent reassessment of the patient's condition are crucial, and in severe cases, initiation of intravenous or intraosseous adrenaline infusion should not be delayed. The authors hope that this review will appeal to a broad readership and support clinicians in the rapid and safe recognition and management of sepsis in children.","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"112 6","pages":"262-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Congenital insensitivity to pain caused by a novel SCN9A-genotype]. [一种新的scn9a基因型引起的先天性疼痛不敏感]。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.06.897

Thorsteinn Bjornsson, Elias Olafsson, Hildigunnur Katrinardottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Guðny A Arnadottir, Brynjar Jensson, Asmundur Oddsson, Arnor Vikingsson, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Thorgeir E Thorgeirsson, Patrick Sulem, Olafur Arni Sveinsson

引用次数: 0

[Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma in Landspítali University Hospital 2002-2021]. [2002-2021年Landspítali大学医院小肠腺癌患者的诊断、治疗及预后分析]。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.06.896

Silja Dogg Helgadottir, Karin Ulrika Johansen, Kristin Huld Haraldsdottir

{"title":"[Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma in Landspítali University Hospital 2002-2021].","authors":"Silja Dogg Helgadottir, Karin Ulrika Johansen, Kristin Huld Haraldsdottir","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2026.06.896","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2026.06.896","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Small intestine adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer with poor prognosis. The only curative treatment is surgery to remove the tumor. If the tumor is located in the duodenum, a pancreaticoduodenectomy is recommended, while partial resection of the small intestine is advised for tumors located more distally.Materials and methods: Data was obtained from the medical records system at Landspítali. Variables were recorded in Excel, and descriptive statistics along with survival calculations were performed using the statistical software R.Results: A total of 47 patients were diagnosed with small intestine adenocarcinoma, 32 in the duodenum and 15 more distally. Curative surgery was performed on 25 patients. Severe complications (≥3 on the Clavien-Dindo scale) occurred in 32% of cases. The recurrence rate was 24%. One-year survival for patients undergoing surgery was 80%, while five-year survival rate was 56%. Five-year survival was higher for tumors originating in the duodenum (70,6%) compared to other parts of the small intestine (25,0% p>0,05).Conclusion: Small intestine adenocarcinoma is a rare condition, with few patients diagnosed during the study period. A high proportion of patients underwent surgery, but one out of every four was diagnosed with recurrence during follow-up. No previous results for small intestine cancer in Iceland have been published, making comparisons with other countries difficult due to the low incidence of this cancer.","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"112 6","pages":"270-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Delayed discharges reflect a system failure, not merely a lack of nursing home beds]. [延迟出院反映了系统故障，而不仅仅是养老院床位不足]。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: doi 10.17992/lbl.2026.05.889

Olafur Helgi Samuelsson

引用次数: 0

[Pre-eclampsia]. (子痫)。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.05.888

Alexander Kristinn Smarason

引用次数: 0

[Eclampsia in Landspítali, Iceland - A clinical, statistical analysis during the period 1982-2022]. [冰岛Landspítali的子痫- 1982-2022年的临床统计分析]。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.05.890

Sunneva Roinesdottir, Haukur Hjaltason, Johanna Gunnarsdottir, Thora Steingrimsdottir

{"title":"[Eclampsia in Landspítali, Iceland - A clinical, statistical analysis during the period 1982-2022].","authors":"Sunneva Roinesdottir, Haukur Hjaltason, Johanna Gunnarsdottir, Thora Steingrimsdottir","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2026.05.890","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2026.05.890","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy and childbirth. Preeclampsia is considered to be its precursor and antenatal monitoring is of crucial importance. The study aimed to investigate the incidence of eclampsia at Landspítali, timing of seizures, signs of preeclampsia, subsequent diagnosis of neurological diseases and sequelae, and maternal mortality rate.Methods: The cohort consisted of women diagnosed with eclampsia at Landspítali between 1982 and 2022. Data was collected from forty medical records, excluding seven misdiagnosed cases. Statistical significance was calculated with Fisher's exact test and a multinomial exact test.Results: During the study period, the incidence of eclampsia remained consistent at ~1:3610 births, i.e. 33 cases out of 119.125 births. The eclampsia occurred as follows: 52% antepartum, 27% intrapartum, and 21% postpartum. Twenty-four women were diagnosed with preeclampsia before the eclampsia occurred. Nine women had no signs of preeclampsia, and this subgroup was proportionally larger (though non-significant p=0.44) in the latter part of the study period. Five women were subsequently diagnosed with neurological disease or symptoms. All women for whom information was available (32 out of 33), were alive 42 days after the eclampsia.Conclusions: The incidence of eclampsia was low and remained consistent during the study period and the mortality rate approximates zero. Nothing indicates that the incidence will decrease unless we learn more about predictive factors. Few women were subsequently diagnosed with neurological disease or experienced neurological symptoms, but there appears to be a significant lack of good work practices for searching and follow-up of such symptoms and other consequences of eclampsia.","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"112 5","pages":"210-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Huntington´s disease - overview]. [亨廷顿氏病-概述]。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.05.891

Saga Briem, Thorsteinn Bjornsson, Vigdis Stefansdottir, Jon Johannes Jonsson, Olafur Arni Sveinsson

{"title":"[Huntington´s disease - overview].","authors":"Saga Briem, Thorsteinn Bjornsson, Vigdis Stefansdottir, Jon Johannes Jonsson, Olafur Arni Sveinsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2026.05.891","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2026.05.891","url":null,"abstract":"Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive movement disturbances, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. The disease is caused by an increased number of repeats of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) base sequence in the HTT gene, leading to the production of a huntingtin protein with toxic gain-of-function properties and the accumulation of protein aggregates in neurons, resulting in neurodegeneration. The prevalence of HD has previously been reported to be low in Iceland compared with other European countries. However, recent studies indicate an increased prevalence, likely due to improved diagnostic capabilities and greater use of genetic testing. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, family history, and confirmation by genetic testing. Currently, no disease-modifying treatment is available, but symptomatic management and a multidisciplinary approach can improve patients' functional abilities and quality of life. This review article discusses the epidemiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Huntington's disease, with particular emphasis on recent Icelandic research findings and future prospects.","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"112 5","pages":"216-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[An Unusual and Reversible Cause of Bone Marrow Failure: A Case Report from the Department of Hematology, Landspítali University Hospital]. [一种不寻常且可逆的骨髓衰竭原因：Landspítali大学医院血液科一例报道]。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.05.892

Valdimar Sveinsson, Gudmundur Runarsson, Thorunn Kristin Gudmundsdottir, Vilhjalmur Steingrimsson

引用次数: 0

[High-energy thoracic and lumbar spine fractures at Landspítali 2003-2022 (25 years)]. [Landspítali 2003-2022（25年）高能胸腰椎骨折]。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.04.887

HjorturSigurdarson Vidar Sigurdarson, Hlynur Breki Hardarsonn, Halldor Jonsson, Mariella Tsirilaki, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Thorkell Snaebjornsson

{"title":"[High-energy thoracic and lumbar spine fractures at Landspítali 2003-2022 (25 years)].","authors":"HjorturSigurdarson Vidar Sigurdarson, Hlynur Breki Hardarsonn, Halldor Jonsson, Mariella Tsirilaki, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Thorkell Snaebjornsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2026.04.887","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2026.04.887","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To investigate the epidemiology of high-energy thoracic and lumbar spine fractures at Landspítali and evaluate their treatment and associated injuries using international injury classification systems.Materials and methods: Medical records were reviewed with regard to age, sex, nationality, length of hospital stay, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, treatment, neurological injury, seasonality, and injury location. Imaging studies were used for diagnosis and for classification of fractures according to the AO injury classification system.Results: A total of 424 individuals were diagnosed with 596 fractures during the study period. On average, there were 21.2 injuries per year; the mean age was 40.3 years, and men accounted for just over 62% of cases. Motor vehicle collisions were the cause in approximately 21% of cases, rollovers in about 20%, and among rollover accidents, just over 31% involved foreign individuals. The most common fracture levels were L1 (approximately 19% of all fractures) and Th12 (just over 11%). Neurological injury was present in just over 20% of cases involving fractures at Th12, L1, and Th7. Overall, 36% of patients underwent surgical treatment, and an additional 17% received external support. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in just over 63% of cases.Conclusion: On average, approximately two thoracic and lumbar spine fractures caused by high-energy trauma were treated per month at Landspítali during the period 2003-2022. A typical case was a fracture at Th12 or L1 in a 40-year-old man. Patients without neurological deficits had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay. The number of injuries decreased over time, although not statistically significantly; this trend could, for example, be explained by improved vehicle safety equipment.","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"112 4","pages":"168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Outcomes after partial esophagectomy for cancer in Iceland: A population-based study from a low-volume center]. [冰岛部分食管癌切除术后的结果：来自一个小容量中心的基于人群的研究]。

IF 0.4 4区医学

Laeknabladid Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2026.04.886

Luis Gisli Rabelo, Bjarki Leo Snorrason, Carlos Magnus Rabelo, Einar Dadi Larusson, Katrin Hrund Palsdottir, Kristin Huld Haraldsdottir, Bjarni Geir Vidarsson

{"title":"[Outcomes after partial esophagectomy for cancer in Iceland: A population-based study from a low-volume center].","authors":"Luis Gisli Rabelo, Bjarki Leo Snorrason, Carlos Magnus Rabelo, Einar Dadi Larusson, Katrin Hrund Palsdottir, Kristin Huld Haraldsdottir, Bjarni Geir Vidarsson","doi":"10.17992/lbl.2026.04.886","DOIUrl":"10.17992/lbl.2026.04.886","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Esophageal cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Curative treatment typically involves surgery with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The study aimed to describe patient characteristics and evaluate outcomes after partial esophagectomy at a low-volume center in Iceland.Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients diagnosed with localized esophageal cancer in Iceland from 2015 to 2020 who were accepted for curative esophagectomy. Primary outcomes included postoperative complications, recurrence, and 5-year survival. Complications were categorized using the Clavien-Dindo classification, and descriptive analyses were performed. Recurrence was evaluated with all-cause mortality as a competing event, and survival rates assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: Overall, 33 patients underwent esophagectomy. The median age was 66 years, and 76% were male. Neoadjuvant therapy was administered in 94% of cases. Clavien-Dindo >3a occurred in 45% of patients and anastomotic leakage was the most frequent complication, occurring in 30% of cases. Mortality at 30 and 90 days were 0% and 6%, respectively. Five-year overall survival was 44%, and disease-free survival was 30%. Cumulative incidence of recurrence was 21% after one year and 55% after five years.Conclusion: Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in Iceland is associated with acceptable postoperative morbidity and operative mortality despite being performed in a low-volume setting. Although the incidence of anastomotic leakage is somewhat higher than in international cohorts, the 30-day mortality rate is low, and long-term survival is comparable to outcomes reported in Nordic countries.","PeriodicalId":49924,"journal":{"name":"Laeknabladid","volume":"112 4","pages":"158-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0