Legal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Fatal bear attack in Russian Federation: A case report","authors":"Nikolaos Angelakopoulos ,&nbsp;Igor Valentinovich Vlasyuk ,&nbsp;Sudheer Babu Balla ,&nbsp;Rizky Merdietio Boedi ,&nbsp;Galina Zolotenkova","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-bear conflicts are a growing concern globally, with Russia harboring a significant population of brown bears. This case report details a fatal encounter between a male hunter and a brown bear in the greater Khabarovsk region. On October 2015, the hunter’s body was discovered approximately 400 m from a deceased brown bear, indicating a deadly confrontation. Forensic examination revealed extensive trauma and varied patterns of injuries, with the cause of death attributed to mixed shock from traumatic injuries and acute blood loss. Despite the limited dental information due to the missing maxilla, positive identification was achieved through the unique dental patterns in the victim’s mandible. This study emphasizes the need for specialized forensic knowledge in wildlife-related fatalities, highlighting the importance of accurate post-mortem examinations and the critical role of dental data in positively identifying victims under challenging circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical and molecular study for differential diagnosis between freshwater and saltwater drowning","authors":"Rehab A. Azouz ,&nbsp;Alaa F. Bakr ,&nbsp;Marwa A. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Mohamed Y. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The postmortem identification of drowning in the field of forensic medicine is difficult due to unspecific autopsy findings, and usually, it is a “diagnosis of exclusion”. A model of drowning in salt and fresh water was established to discuss the postmortem changes after drowning and the differences between saltwater drowning (SWD) and freshwater drowning (FWD). The organs (brain and ‘lung) of 30 rats were extracted at three-time points (0 h, 24 h, and 48 h) after drowning. The histopathological, immunohistochemical,l, and molecular changes in the lung and brain of rats at different time points were investigated. Results show no significant difference in pathological findings between fresh and saltwater drowning. Casp3, JNK, and ERK all showed a rise in their postmortem expression in a time-dependent way; the expression of these three genes is much greater in cases of saltwater drowning compared to cases of freshwater drowning. So, it is concluded that after 24 h and 48 h from death, potent cellular oxidative stress occurred and caused the upregulation of the studied genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of drowning site inference through metagenomic diatom analysis","authors":"Hiroaki Nakanishi ,&nbsp;Aya Takada ,&nbsp;Katsumi Yoneyama ,&nbsp;Saki Kodama ,&nbsp;Kentaro Sakai ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diatom test is one of the methods used to diagnose drowning in forensic autopsies. Metagenomic diatom analysis may reveal where a drowning occurred. We evaluated whether metagenomic diatom analysis could be used to infer waters, watersheds, and geographic locations using 166 water samples from 64 locations (freshwater: 55; seawater: 9). Principal component analysis (PCA) in all samples revealed no specific clusters for waters or watersheds. In one river, the three samples at the same site generally tended to be in close clusters, but there were some cases where the three sites were far from each other. The precise geographic location could thus not be reliably identified. However, PCA of data from dams, lakes, and retention basins revealed sites with independent clusters, suggesting unique diatom compositions. Diatoms of seawater were not detected in freshwater. The high number of <em>Actinoptychus</em>, <em>Chaetoceros</em>, and <em>Skeletonema</em> detected in seawater samples suggested that they are useful for seawater identification. This method required only 2 mL of water; it suggests that this method can be applied to actual samples. In summary, it was difficult to infer the geographic location and waters or watersheds, but the freshwater/seawater distinction could be easily made, and depending on the application, it may be useful in forensic science practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress and application of the third-generation sequencing technologies in forensic medicine","authors":"Xiaoxin Hu ,&nbsp;Jinjie Liu ,&nbsp;Tingyu Xu ,&nbsp;Kaiyue Qin ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Feng ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Jia ,&nbsp;Xingchun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Third-generation sequencing technologies, exemplified by single-molecule real-time sequencing and nanopore sequencing, provide a constellation of advantages, including long read lengths, high throughput, real-time sequencing capabilities, and remarkable portability. These cutting-edge methodologies have provided new tools for genomic analysis in forensic medicine. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the current applications and cutting-edge trends of third-generation sequencing technologies in forensic medicine, this study retrieved relevant literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database and the Web of Science (WOS) database. Using bibliometric software CiteSpace 6.1.R6, the study visualized publication volume, countries, and keywords related to the application of third-generation sequencing technologies in forensic medicine from 2014 to 2023. The review then summarized the foundational principles, characteristics, and promising prospects of third-generation sequencing technologies in forensic medicine. Notably, it highlights their remarkable contributions in forensic individual identification, body fluid identification, forensic epigenetic analysis, microbial analysis and forensic species identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete aortic rupture following wakeboarding accident","authors":"Alberto Amadasi,&nbsp;Larissa Amadasi","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wakeboarding is a sport associated with various types of injuries, primarily affecting the upper and lower limbs. In this case, a 44-year-old man fell from a ramp while wakeboarding and barely managed to reach the shore before dying shortly afterward. An autopsy revealed a complete rupture of the thoracic aorta along with a fracture of the fourth thoracic vertebra. It is likely that several mechanisms contributed to these injuries, either individually or in combination: concussive, rotational, and tensile forces. Additionally, it is plausible that the rupture occurred in two stages, with an initial partial injury worsening during subsequent movements or attempts at rescue and resuscitation. This is the first reported case of death resulting from a ruptured aorta due to wakeboarding, highlighting a potential consequence of this sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of two scoring systems assessing the epiphyseal union at shoulder joint as predictors of chronological age among a sample of Egyptians","authors":"Asmaa F. Sharif ,&nbsp;Hadeel Eid ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Abdelaziz Abdelnaby Ghalab ,&nbsp;Asmaa Ali Ahmed Elfeky ,&nbsp;Mohamed Moharram Badawy ,&nbsp;Nagwa Mahmoud Habib ,&nbsp;Reham Hassan El-Farouny ,&nbsp;Heba A.A. Mabrouk","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age estimation has extensive medicolegal implications in civil and criminal identification. Despite the surge in adopting radiological investigations to assess developmental bony changes, the shoulder joint is understudied. A cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 283 shoulder radiographs of Egyptians, investigating the reliability of two previously established scores as predictors of chronological age using the epiphyseal maturation of proximal humerus and acromion process. Epiphyseal union of proximal humerus commenced at age of 16.1–17 and completed around 21, while complete acromial union was observed around the age of 20.8. Females significantly preceded males and showed lower mean total Scores A and B at different maturation stages. There was a significant strong positive correlation between the chronological age and the epiphyseal maturation of humerus, acromion and total shoulder scores with correlation coefficients between 0.84 and 0.9. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed significant discriminating power of the total shoulder Scores A and B as predictors of the ages of 14 and 16, with area under curves above 0.9, minimal accuracy of 96.5 % and p values of 0.001. Six proposed models were established where the model <em>“age = 0.318 + (0.388) total shoulder Score A + (2.842) total shoulder Score B + 1.931 (sex)”</em> showed the best significant prediction power of radiographic evaluation of epiphyseal maturation in the proximal humerus and acromion in estimating the ages between 8 and around 20 years (R² of 0.812). Applying this model to assess the chronological age, especially if the results from the hand and teeth are inconclusive, is promising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic and ecological significance of necrophagous insects: Insights from animal carcasses, human cadavers, and myiasis patients","authors":"Swaima Sharif ,&nbsp;Chetan Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Bushra Athar ,&nbsp;Mohd Kaleem Khan ,&nbsp;Ayesha Qamar","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Necrophagous insects, including flies and beetles, play pivotal roles in decomposition, ecology, and forensics. Their diversity and activities vary across environments, necessitating comprehensive studies for understanding and management. The aim of the study is to investigate insect infestation on animal carcasses, human cadavers, and myiasis patients to enhance ecological, forensic, and medical entomological understanding, aiding in ecosystem management, forensic investigations, and disease control.</div><div>Various species of flies and beetles were found associated with animal carcasses, human cadavers, and myiasis patients, as indicated by the comprehensive study. On animal carcasses, notable fly species included <em>Chrysomya rufifacies</em> (Macquart, 1842), <em>Chrysomya megacephala</em> (Fabricius, 1794), <em>Lucilia cuprina</em> (Wiedemann, 1830), and <em>Sarcophaga</em> sp., while beetles such as <em>Dermestes maculatus</em> (De Geer, 1774), <em>Necrobia rufipes</em> (Fabricius, 1781), <em>Saprinus quadrigatattus</em> (Fabricius, 1798), <em>Saprinus splendens</em> (Paykull, 1811), <em>Saprinus optabilis</em> (Marseul, 1855), <em>Saprinus chalcites</em> (Iliger, 1807), and <em>Omorgus</em> sp. (Erichson, 1847) were also observed. Similarly, human cadavers exhibited a presence of flies like <em>Chrysomya albiceps</em> (Wiedemann, 1819), <em>Chrysomya rufifacies</em> (Macquart, 1842), <em>Chrysomya megacephala</em> (Fabricius, 1794), and <em>Sarcophaga dux</em> (Thomson, 1869). In cases of myiasis patients, flies including <em>Chrysomya megacephala</em>, <em>Cochliomyia hominivorax</em> (Coquerel, 1858), and <em>Chrysomya bezziana</em> (Villeneuve, 1914) were identified.</div><div>These findings underscore the diverse range of insect species involved in carcass decomposition, forensic investigations, and medical entomology, illustrating their crucial roles in ecological processes, forensic assessments, and disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring health professionals’ knowledge of end of life in Italy","authors":"Casella Claudia,&nbsp;Capasso Emanuele,&nbsp;Marisei Mariagrazia,&nbsp;Di Donna Gaetano,&nbsp;Di Lorenzo Pierpaolo,&nbsp;Niola Massimo","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of medicine and technologies applied to medical knowledge has made it possible to extend patients’ life expectancy by changing the prognosis of certain pathologies and often transforming their outcome. This has made it possible not only to keep a patient alive after acute events (e.g. cerebrovascular accidents, critical conditions linked to major traumas or road accidents) but also to ’chronicise’ certain pathologies. These reflections are within the grasp of health professionals, legal scholars, politicians and ordinary citizens. This study aims to explore health professionals knowledge on terms pertaining to “end of life”, that are often used improperly and interchangeably. It also offers an overview of the degree of knowledge and attitudes of health professionals and students of Medicine and Surgery and of the classes of the health professions, through a cognitive survey carried out by means of a digitalized survey on a Google platform administered by e-mail through the Order of Surgeons and Dentists of Salerno, Naples and Caserta, the Professional Order of Nurses of Naples and the student associations. The results point to the need for end-of-life organic legislation and for the implementation of training and continuing education programmes. It is desirable for the widest possible sample to take part in the survey in order to obtain more meaningful statistical information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102542"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual pattern of firearm injury to trunk and limbs: Two case reports and review","authors":"Hisham Zein-Elabdin ,&nbsp;Maha Abd Al Hamied Ghanem","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents two cases of fatal injuries from rifled weapons with unconventional shapes of inlets and exits mismatched with the distance of firing. According to forensic literature, in long-distance ranges, we expected to see rounded entry wounds smaller than bullet size, circular in shape without associates with limited damage in the tissues. In the first case, there were large wounds which did not match a distance of more than 2 m, while in the second case, the distance was more than 30 m with large wounds 21 × 10 cm and massive damage to bones and lungs. In the first case, a 25-year-old male, he had multiple wounds in the front of the chest, the first one over the sternum end measuring 9 × 7 cm rounded in shape with fracture of the ribs, sternum and lung laceration. The second wound was 3 × 5 cm in the lateral aspect – mid axillary line and it was superficial due to tangential passage of the missile. In the left thigh, two inlets, each approximately 5 × 7 cm, were seen, the first one over the left iliac bone rounded and the second inlet was in the midshaft of the femur. The exit was below the left gluteus, rounded in shape 5 × 7 cm. The second case a 19-year-old male, he showed single oval wound in the middle third of the back, and it measured 21 × 10 cm. The missile passed tangentially and led to broken ribs and the vertebral column with a lung laceration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research trends on forensic entomology for five decades worldwide","authors":"Idha Arfianti Wiraagni ,&nbsp;Melodia Rezadhini ,&nbsp;Jajar Setiawan ,&nbsp;Fajar Sofyantoro ,&nbsp;Dwi Sendi Priyono ,&nbsp;Nur Indah Septriani ,&nbsp;Dyah Aryani Perwitasari","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic entomology, the study of insects and arthropods in criminal investigations, is crucial for estimating postmortem intervals, determining changes in corpse positioning, and identifying causes of death. This study analyzes global research trends in forensic entomology using data from the Scopus database spanning 1970 to 2024, with data visualized through VOSviewer. A total of 2,261 articles were identified, with an average productivity of 42 papers per year. The leading countries in forensic entomology research are the United States (n = 444), Brazil (n = 266), China (n = 198), the United Kingdom (n = 194), and Germany (n = 156). Current hot topics in the field include pupae, feeding behavior, beetles, and genetics. These findings underscore the ongoing interest and advancements in forensic entomology, highlighting its significance and diverse applications in criminal investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}