Legal Medicine最新文献_第8页

Intentional child and adolescent homicides in Milan (Italy): A 30-year interdisciplinary study 米兰（意大利）儿童和青少年故意杀人案：30 年跨学科研究

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102433

Nicola Galante , Alberto Blandino , Marta Disegna , Lorenzo Franceschetti , Michelangelo Bruno Casali

{"title":"Intentional child and adolescent homicides in Milan (Italy): A 30-year interdisciplinary study","authors":"Nicola Galante , Alberto Blandino , Marta Disegna , Lorenzo Franceschetti , Michelangelo Bruno Casali","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to discuss the forensic and criminological implications of child homicides in the territory of Milan, Italy. The authors present a retrospective study on all the cases of child and adolescent homicides, that were observed at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) in the last 30 years (from January 1991 to December 2020). A total of 46 child homicides were collected, focusing on the sociological features, by highlighting peculiar cases, risk factors, potential changing social trends, and comparing our cases with the current literature. The analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) for male adolescents and indicated that adolescent homicides were more frequently perpetrated in extrafamilial contexts. In contrast, neonaticides and infanticides were mainly committed at home. Furthermore, the Fisher’s Exact test revealed that child murders were mainly committed by immigrants in the Milan district after 2005 (p < 0.05). The two main causes of death were due to sharp and firearm injuries. While the relationship between homicide clusters and homicides committed by sharp objects was not significant, adolescent homicides were mainly committed using firearms (p < 0.05). The present study may help to identify risk factors for homicides against child and adolescent. Consequently, policies that identify, prevent, and minimize this extreme violence should be designed to interrupt the vicious circle of such dreadful murderous events. Child and adolescent homicides deserve additional focus and better education for healthcare professionals and further research should be carried out to develop therapeutic and caring strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324000439/pdfft?md5=d415f9962d96c11688cb19193cd0bc22&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324000439-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140096189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Facial soft-tissue thickness in children: A study of a CTBC Brazilian sample 儿童面部软组织厚度：巴西 CTBC 样本研究

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102429

Leandro Stocco Baccarin , Thiago Leite Beaini , Luiz Eugênio Nigro Mazzilli , Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff Melani

{"title":"Facial soft-tissue thickness in children: A study of a CTBC Brazilian sample","authors":"Leandro Stocco Baccarin , Thiago Leite Beaini , Luiz Eugênio Nigro Mazzilli , Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff Melani","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an auxiliary method in the process of human identification, forensic facial approximation (FFA) is an important tool for identifying unknown human bodies whose remains do not present the necessary traceability to any antemortem data collection. Specific characteristics are necessary when addressing children aged between 6 and 10 years, who have little sexual differentiation and a mixed dentition. Due to the chronology of eruption of the permanent second molars in this population, it is not possible to measure facial soft-tissue thickness (FSTT) from specific landmarks such as supra and infra M2. The objective of this research was to report the method for measuring the average FSTT of 32 landmarks adapting the method for adults replacing the landmarks at the upper and lower second molars (Supra M2 and Infra M2) in children up to 10 years of age for a measurement using the deciduous second molars as reference. We found statistical differences for some points, considering the variables of age and sex, but with a maximum difference of 2 mm, which allows the use of a single FSTT table. The deciduous teeth can replace the reference of the thicknesses at the supra and infra M2 landmarks. In addition to the new FSTT data for children in Brazil, we concluded that the proposed adaptation to the deciduous M2 points can be applied to obtain soft-tissue data for 32 facial points.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140113279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lethal hemopericardium caused by infection of mitral annular calcification: An autopsy case report 二尖瓣环钙化感染导致的致命性血心包：尸检病例报告

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102431

Shigeki Tsuneya , Taka-aki Matsuyama , Maiko Yoshida , Yumi Hoshioka , Fumiko Chiba , Go Inokuchi , Suguru Torimitsu , Yohsuke Makino , Hirotaro Iwase

引用次数: 0

Singular stab wounds to the trunk: Is this suicidal or homicidal? 躯干上有多处刺伤这是自杀还是他杀？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102430

Julia Schädler, Alexandra Ron, Benjamin Ondruschka, Carolin Edler

引用次数: 0

Possible formation of trioxidocarbonate(•1−) (CO3•−) instead of hydroxyl radical (HO•) from superoxide anions (O2•−) during paraquat poisoning under physiological conditions 在生理条件下百草枯中毒时，超氧阴离子（O2--）可能形成碳酸三氧化物（-1- ）（CO3--），而不是羟自由基（HO--）。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102420

Nobuhiro Yukawa , Willem H. Koppenol , Eiji Kakizaki , Norihiro Sinkawa , Ai Sonoda

引用次数: 0

Father figure: Study of the age progression process from old pictures and its value in forensic sciences 父亲的形象通过老照片研究年龄增长过程及其在法医学中的价值

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102421

Laura Donato , Douglas H. Ubelaker , Luigi Marsella , Jessika Camatti , Michele Treglia , Rossana Cecchi

{"title":"Father figure: Study of the age progression process from old pictures and its value in forensic sciences","authors":"Laura Donato , Douglas H. Ubelaker , Luigi Marsella , Jessika Camatti , Michele Treglia , Rossana Cecchi","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of age progression to the search for missing persons demonstrates its usefulness in being able to reconstruct the aged face based on the current age of a person who has been missing for many years. Age progression takes into account facial physiognomic elements and their changes over time. Based on these premises, the present study aims to investigate the evolution of somatic features, from childhood to adulthood, of one of the authors' father using photos at different ages of him.</p><p>Sixteen photos were collected depicting an individual of Italian origin between the age of 1 and 72. The photos were processed in Adobe© Photoshop software to graphically highlight the shape development of individual physiognomic elements. The shape of the face, eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, and cheeks were analysed in detail using a morphological approach. The ageing processes that occurred in this case were discussed on the basis of the literature.</p><p>The present study demonstrates the in-depth analysis of the dynamics of facial growth in a single case. Nonetheless, aging is different for each individual, so further studies are necessary to observe facial development on as many subjects as possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs27434) in the ERAP1 gene with plural tissue weight ERAP1基因中的单核苷酸多态性（rs27434）与复数组织重量的关系。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102419

Takamitsu Sasaki , Sultana Razia , Kaori Kimura-Kataoka , Takeshi Araki , Akari Kusaka , Haruo Takeshita , Junko Fujihara

{"title":"Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs27434) in the ERAP1 gene with plural tissue weight","authors":"Takamitsu Sasaki , Sultana Razia , Kaori Kimura-Kataoka , Takeshi Araki , Akari Kusaka , Haruo Takeshita , Junko Fujihara","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our study was designed to examine the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) gene, specifically focusing on rs27434, and plural tissue weight. We conducted this investigation using autopsy samples from the Japanese population. Blood samples were collected from 178 Japanese subjects who had undergone autopsies in Shimane Prefecture. Genomic DNA was subsequently extracted from these samples. SNP (rs27434, G＞A substitution) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In the present study, rs27434 exhibited a statistically significant association with brain weight (g) in both female and male individuals. Among males, rs27434 displayed significant relationships with liver weight (g), and body surface area (m<sup>2</sup>). In females, rs27434 was significantly related to the length of the appendix. Across both genders, individuals with GA and AA genotypes tended to exhibit higher levels in these respective measurements compared to those with the GG genotype. These results suggest that genetic variant of <em>ERAP1</em> gene may influence the weight of the organs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the interaction between the association of rs27434 in the <em>ERAP1</em> gene and data routinely measured at autopsy, such as tissue weight. However, conducting further investigations with larger population samples could provide more comprehensive insights to clarify this issue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hyperthermia: Is it always an accidental death? 高热：是否总是意外死亡？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102418

Emina Dervišević

引用次数: 0

Genetic diversity and forensic statistical support for the 12 X-STR markers in the Malaysian Indian population using Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS kit 使用 Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS 试剂盒对马来西亚印度人群中 12 个 X-STR 标记的遗传多样性和法医统计支持

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102416

Aedrianee Reeza Alwi , Naji Arafat Mahat , Faezah Mohd Salleh , Seri Mirianti Ishar , Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin , Mohd Radzniwan A. Rashid , Sharifah Nany Rahayu Karmilla Syed Hassan

{"title":"Genetic diversity and forensic statistical support for the 12 X-STR markers in the Malaysian Indian population using Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS kit","authors":"Aedrianee Reeza Alwi , Naji Arafat Mahat , Faezah Mohd Salleh , Seri Mirianti Ishar , Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin , Mohd Radzniwan A. Rashid , Sharifah Nany Rahayu Karmilla Syed Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>X-chromosome short tandem repeats (X-STRs) are useful for human identification, especially in complex kinship scenarios. Since forensic statistical parameters vary among populations and the X-STRs population data for the diverse population of Peninsular Malaysia's are unavailable, this attempt for Indians (n = 201) appears forensically relevant to support the 12 X-STRs markers' evidential value for human identification in Malaysia. The Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS kit showed that DXS10135 was the most polymorphic locus with high genetic diversity, polymorphism information richness, heterozygosity, and exclusion power. Based on allele frequencies, the strength of discrimination and mean exclusion chance (MEC<sub>Krüger</sub>, MEC<sub>Kishida</sub>, MEC<sub>Desmarais</sub>, and MEC<sub>DesmaraisDuo</sub>) values for the Malaysian Indians were ≥0.999997790686228. As for haplotype frequencies, the overall discrimination power and mean exclusion probability (MEC<sub>Krüger</sub>, MEC<sub>Kishida</sub>, MEC<sub>Desmarais</sub>, and MEC<sub>DesmaraisDuo</sub>) were ≥0.9999984801951. The genetic distance, neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, and principal component analysis also supported the evidential value of the 12 X-STRs markers for forensic practical caseworks in Malaysia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Father figure: Study of the age progression process from old pictures and its value in forensic sciences 父亲的形象通过老照片研究年龄增长过程及其在法医学中的价值

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102421

L. Donato, D. Ubelaker, Luigi Marsella, Jessika Camatti, Michele Treglia, Rossana Cecchi

引用次数: 0