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Unusual pattern of firearm injury to trunk and limbs: Two case reports and review 躯干和四肢受枪伤的不寻常模式：两例报告和回顾

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102543

Hisham Zein-Elabdin , Maha Abd Al Hamied Ghanem

{"title":"Unusual pattern of firearm injury to trunk and limbs: Two case reports and review","authors":"Hisham Zein-Elabdin , Maha Abd Al Hamied Ghanem","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents two cases of fatal injuries from rifled weapons with unconventional shapes of inlets and exits mismatched with the distance of firing. According to forensic literature, in long-distance ranges, we expected to see rounded entry wounds smaller than bullet size, circular in shape without associates with limited damage in the tissues. In the first case, there were large wounds which did not match a distance of more than 2 m, while in the second case, the distance was more than 30 m with large wounds 21 × 10 cm and massive damage to bones and lungs. In the first case, a 25-year-old male, he had multiple wounds in the front of the chest, the first one over the sternum end measuring 9 × 7 cm rounded in shape with fracture of the ribs, sternum and lung laceration. The second wound was 3 × 5 cm in the lateral aspect – mid axillary line and it was superficial due to tangential passage of the missile. In the left thigh, two inlets, each approximately 5 × 7 cm, were seen, the first one over the left iliac bone rounded and the second inlet was in the midshaft of the femur. The exit was below the left gluteus, rounded in shape 5 × 7 cm. The second case a 19-year-old male, he showed single oval wound in the middle third of the back, and it measured 21 × 10 cm. The missile passed tangentially and led to broken ribs and the vertebral column with a lung laceration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research trends on forensic entomology for five decades worldwide 五十年来全球法医昆虫学的研究趋势。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102539

Idha Arfianti Wiraagni , Melodia Rezadhini , Jajar Setiawan , Fajar Sofyantoro , Dwi Sendi Priyono , Nur Indah Septriani , Dyah Aryani Perwitasari

引用次数: 0

Development of Piophila megastigmata (Diptera: Piophilida) at seven constant temperatures 在七种恒定温度下巨喙雉（双翅目：喙雉科）的发育过程

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102541

Yinghui Wang, Jiangfeng Wang, Chengtao Kang, Gengwang Hu, Yi Guo, Yu Wang

{"title":"Development of Piophila megastigmata (Diptera: Piophilida) at seven constant temperatures","authors":"Yinghui Wang, Jiangfeng Wang, Chengtao Kang, Gengwang Hu, Yi Guo, Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In forensic entomology, the time-related growth and development of carrion insects allows for the estimation of the minimum postmortem interval (PMI<sub>min</sub>). <em>Piophila megastigmata</em> (Diptera: Piophilidae) is of great significance in estimating PMI<sub>min</sub> in the late stage of corpse decay. In this paper, the development of <em>P. megastigmata</em> was investigated under the seven constant temperatures of 16–34 °C. The total development time at each temperature was 970.38, 824.50, 593.13, 498.25, 392.00, 385.63 and 405.87 h, respectively. The isomorphen diagram shows the trend of development during different developmental stages at different temperatures. By using a revised linear regression model, the estimated lower lethal developmental thresholds (T<sub>L</sub>) and thermal summation constant (K) were found to be 10.57 °C and 6936.78 degree hours, respectively. According to a nonlinear model, the T<sub>L</sub>, upper lethal developmental thresholds (T<sub>H</sub>), and intrinsic optimum temperature (T<sub>Φ</sub>) were determined to be 7.53, 34.68, and20.43 °C, respectively. Also, logistic function and an isomegalen diagram were constructed according to the continuous changes in larval body length, and illustrates the time required to develop to a certain length at different temperatures. The obtained results offer crucial fundamental developmental information regarding <em>P. megastigmata</em>, which can be applied in PMI<sub>min</sub> estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges of the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) estimation in forensic scenarios: Is dental histology an alternative? 法医场景中最小死后间隔（PMImin）估算所面临的挑战：牙科组织学是一种替代方法吗？

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102538

Cindy Maki Sato , Victor Jacometti , Dimitrius Leonardo Pitol , Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato-Prado , Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva , João Paulo Mardegan Issa

{"title":"Challenges of the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) estimation in forensic scenarios: Is dental histology an alternative?","authors":"Cindy Maki Sato , Victor Jacometti , Dimitrius Leonardo Pitol , Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato-Prado , Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva , João Paulo Mardegan Issa","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postmortem interval (PMI) estimates the time since death. Teeth are perennial elements capable of remaining intact in taphonomic environmental circumstances. The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMI<sub>min</sub>) through histological analyses of dental tissues exposed to burial and drowning conditions, simulating common scenarios in forensic practice. A total of n = 99 teeth were analyzed and divided into four groups: control (T0), one month (T1), three months (T2), and six months (T3). The control sample comprised 10 teeth, while T1, T2 e T3 were divided into three different subgroups: controlled environment, buried, and drowned. For each subgroup, ten samples were used. Following exposure to taphonomic conditions, the specimens were processed, and histological sections were obtained. The two-way ANOVA test and the Tukey’s post-hoc test were employed for the quantitative analysis of dentin collagen fibrils, revealing statistically significant differences (α = 5 %). This allowed for the estimation of the PMI<sub>min</sub> at three months by observing pixel counts exceeding 13e+05 in drowned teeth and greater than 8e+05 in buried teeth. Qualitative analysis revealed that the PMI<sub>min</sub> of drowned teeth was estimated at one month due to the absence of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and at six months due to the absence of predentin and partial degradation of the cementum. For buried teeth, the three-month PMI<sub>min</sub> was indicated by the absence of PDL and partial cementum degradation. The absence of pulp and remnants of predentin characterized the six-month PMI<sub>min</sub>. Qualitative and quantitative histological characteristics and parameters are potential to estimate PMI<sub>min</sub> in forensic scenarios spanning up to six months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case of a fatal congenital transmesenteric hernia in infancy 一例致命的婴儿先天性跨肠管疝。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102540

Veljko Milošević, Tijana Petrović, Irina Banjanin, Bojana Radnić, Milenko Bogdanović

{"title":"Case of a fatal congenital transmesenteric hernia in infancy","authors":"Veljko Milošević, Tijana Petrović, Irina Banjanin, Bojana Radnić, Milenko Bogdanović","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a case of transmesenteric hernia resulting in the death of a 3-month-old female infant, the seventh such autopsy case reported so far. A three-month-old female infant, who initially presented with two episodes of vomiting, cramps, and constipation, was admitted to the hospital. She received symptomatic therapy and was released home. Immediately after she had been put to bed at home, she stopped breathing. There was no record of previous illnesses in the infant’s medical history. At autopsy, a necrotic segment of ileum and jejunum, length about 50 cm, was found herniated through an oval defect in the mesentery and multiply strangulated. The shock caused by small intestinal obstruction with consequent intestinal necrosis due to strangulation of the small intestine through a congenital mesenteric defect was considered to be the cause of death. In clinical practice, cases of transmesenteric hernias are uncommon, especially in the population of infants and toddlers; however, these can potentially be the cause of serious intestinal obstruction, with a high mortality rate in cases left untreated. Despite the low incidence of this condition, we believe that the clinicians should keep this diagnosis in mind as a potential cause of acute abdomen and pay special attention to revealing the cause of presented symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of two step reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) for simultaneous identification of saliva and semen 开发用于同时鉴定唾液和精液的两步逆转录液滴数字 PCR (RT-ddPCR)

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102536

So Eun Lee , Un Na Koh , Rita Fakhr , Si-Keun Lim

{"title":"Development of two step reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) for simultaneous identification of saliva and semen","authors":"So Eun Lee , Un Na Koh , Rita Fakhr , Si-Keun Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determination of the type of body fluids is essential for crime scene reconstruction and for improving the reliability of expert testimonies. Messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has been used in forensic genetics, particularly for body fluid identification. It is a relative quantification method that compares the Ct values of target and reference gene. Thus, the method is unsuitable for determining exact copy numbers of the target gene. To address this limitation, this study performed body fluid-specific mRNA analysis using two-step reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR), which is capable of absolute quantification. We found that RT-ddPCR was accurate and sensitive enough to detect as little as 1.5 copies/μl of complementary DNA (cDNA), making it suitable for application using casework samples. It was also highly specific for body fluids, as non-specific amplification did not occur. In addition, saliva-semen mixtures with ratios ranging from 1:50 to 50:1 were successfully identified. When comparing the results of RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR, some samples were difficult to interpret because of the high Ct values of RT-qPCR. However, when the same samples were analyzed using RT-ddPCR, saliva and semen were distinctly identified. Thus, RT-ddPCR is useful for mixed samples (e.g., in sexual assault cases) with low amounts of DNA, which often leads to ambiguous results when using RT-qPCR. Other body fluids (e.g., vaginal fluid and menstrual blood) can also be identified by including additional markers. This study demonstrates the potential of RT-ddPCR for applications in forensic science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anthropological and forensic significance of facial soft tissue thickness in Montenegrin population 黑山人面部软组织厚度的人类学和法医学意义

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102537

T. Tapuskovic , D. Nenezic , N. Radojevic , R. Dedeic

{"title":"Anthropological and forensic significance of facial soft tissue thickness in Montenegrin population","authors":"T. Tapuskovic , D. Nenezic , N. Radojevic , R. Dedeic","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A lack of soft tissue leads to difficulties in facial reconstruction and further identification in the absence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), finger print and dental data. If these data are not available, then identification based on facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) is the next reliable method. There is no data in the literature about facial soft tissue thickness in Montenegrin population. Once the measurement is performed, a software algorithm based on the multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) imaged bone structures and use of FSTT would be able to provide a useful picture of the face for identification purposes. This prospective research was performed by MDCT head examinations of 83 adults aged 18–85, living in Montenegro. The FSTT was measured at eight central points (glabella (GL), nasion (NA), rhinion (RHI), mid-philtrum (MID), upper lip (UL), lower lip (LL), mental eminence (ME), and the point beneath the chin (BC)), and five bilateral points (frontal tubers (FT), supraorbital (SO), external orbital marginal point (EX), zygomatic arch (ZY), and middle masseter (MST)). It was observed that the points RHI, MID, UL, LL, ME, FT, SO and MST are thicker in men compared to women. With an increase in BMI, FSTT in the central points also increases, as well as bilaterally at the ZY, FT, SO and MST points. With aging, there is an increase of the thickness of the FSTT at the RHI and bilaterally at the EX and ZY, while at the MID, LL and MST, the thickness decreases with aging, in both sexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decapitation by hanging: Insights from vertebral fractures 上吊斩首：脊椎骨折的启示

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102534

Anja Petaros

引用次数: 0

Evaluating protective helmet efficacy in work-related accident: A forensic biomechanical analysis of concussion risk from falling objects 评估防护头盔在工伤事故中的功效：对高空坠物造成脑震荡风险的法医生物力学分析

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102535

Zdenek Horak , Petr Tichy , Miloslav Vilimek

引用次数: 0

Intraoral gunshot injury associated with soot in the deep airways 口内枪伤与深呼吸道烟灰有关