Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective最新文献

{"title":"‘Species’ Is Not the (Only) Unit of Biodiversity: A Process-Philosophical Perspective on Conservation Concepts","authors":"Ole Martin Sandberg,&nbsp;Anthony Schultz,&nbsp;Ragnhildur Guðmundsdóttir,&nbsp;Skúli Skúlason","doi":"10.1111/maec.12857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12857","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, we argue that the concept of ‘species’ should not be the main focus of research and policies in biodiversity conservation. Diversity is important at all levels of life: within species as well as among them and within and among ecosystems. First, we give a brief overview of the debate about the necessity to find a unified concept of ‘species’. In this, we side with Charles Darwin, who insisted that no strict definition could be given to this term, which is ultimately a matter of arbitrary and pragmatic human language. This did not worry Darwin, and neither should it concern biologists or ecologists today. Darwin's great discovery relied on a recognition of the many differences within species, not on their similarities. Next, we argue that the focus on species and the neglect of other diversity measures in the conservation discourse have led to problems in public perception of—and policies on—conservation and biodiversity. In areas with few species, intraspecific diversity is often of utmost importance to ecosystem processes and functions, and such regions may provide the environmental conditions that enable and promote the diversification of specialised subgroups in the absence (or reduction) of interspecific competition. We give some examples of these processes based on research in marine and freshwater ecosystems, focusing on Iceland and the subarctic region. Finally, we refer to alternative, emerging methodologies of assessing ecosystem health which go beyond the quantitative method of counting species and subspecies and instead emphasise more complex phenomena such as relations, interactions and processes. These approaches, we suggest, are consistent with the philosophical tradition called ‘process ontology’, and we argue that both ecological research and conservation policy can benefit from a process philosophical perspective. Finally, we briefly discuss our motivations for finding this topic to be of importance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Climate Change Scenarios of Increased CO2 and Temperature Strongly Affect a Coral Reef Meiobenthic Harpacticoid (Crustacea) Community","authors":"Visnu Cunha Sarmento,&nbsp;Bárbara Ramos Pinheiro,&nbsp;Manuel Jesus Flores Montes,&nbsp;André Morgado Esteves,&nbsp;Paulo Jorge Parreira Santos","doi":"10.1111/maec.12858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12858","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small metazoans, especially harpacticoid copepods, are an important component in the benthic food webs of benthic environments. However, studies on the effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on these animals are scarce and those that do exist focus mainly on the individual species level. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different climate change scenarios on a community of harpacticoid copepods from a coral reef environment. Samples were collected from the coral reef subtidal zone of Serrambi beach (Ipojuca, Pernambuco, Brazil), using colonized artificial substrate units. The units were exposed to control treatments and to three climate change scenarios and were collected after 14 and 29 days. A highly diverse community of harpacticoids was analyzed [H′(log₂) = 4.37]. Changes in the community structure were observed, and the response of the copepod community structure to the different scenarios varied according to the sampling period. The maintenance of a highly diverse community enabled a complex pattern of responses to be observed at a species level with three different response patterns to the changing seawater conditions: sensitive species represented by <i>Tisbe</i> sp., <i>Stenhelia</i> sp. and <i>Ameira</i> sp.; mildly sensitive represented by Cyclopoida and <i>Dactylopusia</i> sp.; resistant or opportunist represented by <i>Ectinosoma</i> sp.1, <i>Ectinosoma</i> sp.2 and <i>Mesochra</i> sp. The increase in malformed adult animals in the most severe scenario indicated that species that do not suffer mortality are not exempt from sublethal symptoms. Harpacticoid organisms are shown as reliable tools to assess climate change in coral reef environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deepwater Sharks at Their Northern Limits—Distribution, Diet and Trophic Relations","authors":"Jón Sólmundsson,&nbsp;Klara B. Jakobsdóttir,&nbsp;Hildur Pétursdóttir","doi":"10.1111/maec.12854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12854","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deepwater areas and continental slope regions south and west off Iceland are characterized by a relatively high species diversity and abundance of sharks that likely play a critical ecological role within this ecosystem. The study investigates trophic ecology of the sharks employing stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis of nitrogen and carbon. In a standardized groundfish survey in Icelandic waters spanning 28 years, sharks were exclusively caught south of the Greenland–Iceland ridge and west of the Iceland–Faroe ridge, likely due to significantly lower seawater temperatures prevailing north of the ridges. The sharks exhibited a diverse diet primarily comprising secondary, and tertiary consumers, placing them within the lower spectrum of the fourth trophic level with estimated trophic levels ranging from 4.1 to 4.5 depending on the species or method employed. Three distinct feeding categories emerged: the first characterized by a main predation on various fish species, the second involving a specialized predation on mesopelagic fish and the third strategy encompassing a significant feeding on crustaceans. Resource portioning was evident through low to medium diet overlap indices among some of the shark species. Ontogenetic changes were observed in two of the most abundant and data-rich species, namely the black dogfish (<i>Centroscyllium fabricii</i>) and great lanternshark (<i>Etmopterus princeps</i>). As these sharks increased in size, there was a dietary shift from crustaceans to fish, reflected in higher trophic levels based on δ¹⁵N values. Given the scarcity of sharks in stomachs of demersal fish within the study area, coupled with low fishing pressure on sharks off Iceland, it is plausible that their abundance is currently regulated primarily by bottom-up processes or environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/maec.12854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology of One of the Most Abundant Mesopelagic Fish in Icelandic and Surrounding Waters: The Krøyer's Lantern Fish Notoscopelus kroyeri (Malm, 1861)","authors":"Charlotte S. Matthews,&nbsp;James Kennedy,&nbsp;Anna H. Ólafsdóttir,&nbsp;Christophe Pampoulie","doi":"10.1111/maec.12852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12852","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Myctophids play an essential role in the marine ecosystem, linking the surface to the mesopelagic layer through diel vertical migration, and contributing to carbon sequestration. However, basic knowledge of their biology and distribution is still limited. Here, we described the length and age distribution, growth and otolith morphometrics for one of the most abundant myctophid fish of the Northeast Atlantic, the Krøyer's lantern fish <i>Notoscopelus kroyeri</i> (Malm, 1861). Individuals were sampled opportunistically by pelagic trawls during the International Ecosystem Summer Survey in the Nordic Seas (IESSNS) conducted in July 2020 and 2021. We provide the length–weight and otolith–fish size relationships and the size distribution for 336 <i>N. kroyeri</i> individuals collected along Iceland's south and west shelf, the Iceland Basin, and the Irminger Sea. Fish were primarily distributed along the Reykjanes Ridge and the continental shelf at depths between 0 and 550 m. Three size groups, corresponding to three different age groups, with individuals from 2 to 9 years old, were detected across sampling areas. We found positive allometric growth during both sampling years. Linear regressions were significant between otolith length, width and area, and fish length and weight, with adjusted <i>r</i>^<i>2</i> values ranging between 0.93 and 0.94. This study provides new information on the biology and distribution of one of the most abundant mesopelagic species in south Icelandic and surrounding waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/maec.12852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish–Seascape Associations Within an Offshore Protected Area in the Arabian Gulf","authors":"Holly Kembrey,&nbsp;Simon J. Pittman,&nbsp;Ivonne Bejarano,&nbsp;María del Pilar Blanco-Parra,&nbsp;Rima W. Jabado,&nbsp;Fadi Yaghmour,&nbsp;Daniel Mateos-Molina","doi":"10.1111/maec.12847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12847","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coral reef ecosystems support high fish biodiversity through ecological interactions with structural complexity across multiple spatial scales including coral colony architecture and the surrounding seascape structure. In an era where the complexity of coral reef ecosystems is being diminished, understanding the importance of structural characteristics beyond single focal patches has the potential to better inform actions for protecting, restoring or creating habitat for reef-associated species. A seascape ecology approach was applied to explore the associations between multiple scales of seascape structure and fish assemblage response variables within a small (49.6 km²) offshore no-take MPA, Sir Bu Nair Island Protected Area, in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Fish–seascape associations were modelled with single regression trees. Both in situ and remote sensing–derived variables produced the best models with highest contributions from coral cover, amount of hard-bottom habitat type and structural complexity of the seafloor terrain. Fish species richness was significantly higher where coral cover exceeded 35%. The hard-bottom areas with coral supported diverse assemblages dominated by carnivorous and omnivorous fishes. The Sir Bu Nair Island Protected Area provides a critical refuge for threatened and regionally overexploited species including those with low resilience to fishing. The ecological success of this protected area is key to safeguarding regional marine biodiversity and recovering fish populations to enhance food security.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrofaunal Biodiversity and Patch Mosaics on the Deep Gulf of Mexico Seafloor","authors":"Craig R. McClain,&nbsp;Granger Hanks,&nbsp;Samuel Copley,&nbsp;S. River D. Bryant,&nbsp;Brian A. Schubert","doi":"10.1111/maec.12836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12836","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The deep-sea benthos often exhibit exceptional biodiversity. The patch-mosaic hypothesis proposes that this deep-sea diversity arises from varied microhabitats with prolonged temporal persistence filtering for distinctive communities thereby increasing beta-diversity. This study investigated environmental, community, and macrofaunal species turnover at four deep-sea sites (~2000 m) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Using precise small-scale sampling with a ROV, we analyzed patterns across spatial scales from centimeters to approximately 400 km among 67 sediment cores. We examined the relationships between sedimentary carbon, sediment grain size, and macrofaunal alpha- and beta-diversity. Subsequently, we explored the role of these environmental properties and their spatial arrangement in shaping communities and species distributions. We observed a consistent trend where the overall abundance and diversity of a community increased with higher carbon but decreased with increasing grain size. Substantial faunal turnover was observed among cores, even at centimeter scales, with the contribution of centimeter-scale spatial distance rivaling that of 100-km scales in faunal dissimilarity. Similar to alpha-diversity, beta-diversity exhibited strong correlations with sediment carbon and grain size. The observed random spatial structure in grain size and carbon appear to translate into randomness in both community and species distribution. These findings align with the patch-mosaic model, underscoring the complexity of deep-sea ecosystems. These findings suggest an intricate relationship between sedimentary attributes, faunal composition, and spatial arrangement in the deep-sea benthos, shedding light on the mechanisms driving biodiversity in seemingly homogeneous environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton Diversity Across a Coastal Urbanization and Eutrophication Gradient: The Sepetiba Bay—Ilha Grande Bay Continuum in Rio de Janeiro","authors":"F. A. V. Miranda,&nbsp;G. A. O. Moser,&nbsp;D. T. Lima,&nbsp;W. T. V. Machado,&nbsp;N. Brandini,&nbsp;A. M. Fernandes,&nbsp;L. V. M. Costa,&nbsp;M. F. Amaral,&nbsp;G. B. Oliveira,&nbsp;G. Y. Abril","doi":"10.1111/maec.12838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12838","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Densely populated coastal zones are significantly impacted by anthropogenic pressures, particularly urbanized semi-enclosed bays with long residence times of waters and nutrients. Eutrophication is a primary issue resulting from human settlement in coastal zone, as it drastically modifies the structure of biological communities, particularly the phytoplankton. The aim of this study is to assess whether eutrophication functions as an environmental filter on the phytoplankton community along an 80 km gradient of eutrophication in two contrasting bays, Sepetiba and Ilha Grande. By categorizing phytoplankton species based on characteristic traits and comparing them with in situ environmental data, we assess the distribution of phytoplankton functional groups. Sampling was conducted in November 2021 and April 2022 from the semienclosed, mesohaline, and shallow Sepetiba Bay to the more open and marine oligotrophic Ilha Grande Bay. During the two sampling campaigns, functional groups including strict autotrophs (diatoms and filamentous cyanobacteria) and both constitutive and non-constitutive mixotrophs (dinoflagellates) were represented by different abundance of species along this gradient. Classical diversity indices and Beta-Turnover analyses indicate significant community differences between the bays, with species replacement driving differentiation rather than species loss between the sampled points. However, with increased eutrophication in Sepetiba Bay, a decrease in the dispersion of functional traits was observed, suggesting that eutrophication acts as an environmental filter promoting trait convergence and the selection of specialist organisms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piercing the Mystery: Predator Identification Using the Perforated Tests of the Sea Urchin Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778)","authors":"Andrés Rufino-Navarro,&nbsp;Beatriz Alfonso,&nbsp;James H. Nebelsick,&nbsp;José Carlos Hernández","doi":"10.1111/maec.12844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12844","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drilling predation on echinoids (sea urchins) has been known to occur in marine ecosystems since the Jurassic Period; however, it has rarely been studied in existing species. Tests of the irregular sea urchin <i>Brissus unicolor</i> (Leske, 1778), which frequently occurs in shallow substrates of the Canary Islands, mostly show very evident perforations through their skeletons. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of these perforations in order to determine their possible origins as well as document their size, site selectivity, and frequency of occurrence among different sample sites. Of the 104 tests of <i>B</i>. <i>unicolor</i> that were collected from 15 locations off the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain), 94% showed a least one perforation. These boreholes exhibit a circular morphology, penetrating the sea urchin tests perpendicularly and entirely. Notably, they display a unique acid signature, diverging from those documented in the fossil record and other relevant studies. Our analysis showed size and site selectivity by the predator as the perforations were mainly located on the oral side of the test. The perforations are attributed to drilling predation. The characteristics of these boreholes on <i>B</i>. <i>unicolor</i> match published records of predation marks suggesting that they are produced by the predatory gastropod family Cassidae, with <i>Semicassis undulata</i> (Gmelin, 1791) considered to be the most probable predator.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity Losses in Mantis Shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria Offspring Created for Supportive Releases Using an Ecological Breeding in Earthen Pond Method","authors":"Qi-Kang Bo,&nbsp;Yan-Guang Yu,&nbsp;Chun-Xiu Chen,&nbsp;Ya-Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Ma,&nbsp;Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Jie Yu,&nbsp;Yun-Zhao Lu,&nbsp;Jun Hao,&nbsp;Ju-Feng Jiang","doi":"10.1111/maec.12842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Artificial breeding of mantis shrimp <i>Oratosquilla oratoria</i>, using the ecological breeding in earthen pond (EBEP) method, has been carrying out from 2019, and the produced larvae have always been used for supportive breeding programs in Bohai Bay. To assess the degree of fidelity of enhancement programs used an EBEP method to native genetic pools, genetic diversity at 10 microsatellite loci was analyzed in three hatchery offspring populations, their wild parent stocks, and their wild contemporaneous offspring. Significant decrease in the almost genetic diversity parameters and highly significant differences in shannon's information index (decreasing by 22.54%–40.97%) and allelic richness (33.80%–46.87%) were observed between in hatchery populations. This further created relatively more genetic differentiation between the hatchery and wild population, as the pairwise Fst values and genetic distances showed. The mean pairwise relatedness coefficients showed higher values within hatchery populations and lower values within wild populations. Hatchery populations contained the fewest full-sib families and offspring were extremely distributed in 10–11 full-sib groups in each hatchery population. The relatively small number of actual spawning females and large variance in parental contribution to the next generation possibly causes allele reduction in the hatchery population, which in turn leads to a decrease in allelic diversity and an increase in genetic similarities among individuals. Promoting synchrony of ovarian development in females, providing good conditions for incubation and larvae culture and balancing the contributions of parents will be important in future breeding propagation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Preference of Purple-Spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Richardson 1846) in Northern Coast of Java, Indonesia","authors":"Eko Setyobudi,&nbsp;Murwantoko Murwantoko,&nbsp;Tony Budi Satriyo,&nbsp;Eko Hardianto,&nbsp;Wahyu Novianto Bagas Waskitho,&nbsp;Niken Astuti,&nbsp;Hana Cahya Maharani,&nbsp;Fentriana Aji Prastiwi","doi":"10.1111/maec.12846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12846","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diet is one of the essential information used in the management of fisheries resource. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary preferences, index of preponderance, trophic level, food niche breadth, and food overlap of purple-spotted bigeye (<i>Priacanthus tayenus</i>) caught from the northern coast of Java, Indonesia. A total of 407 fish samples were collected from July to October 2023. Each fish sample was measured for total length and body weight. Fish were then dissected to determine sex, gut length, gut volume, and diet composition. Data analysis included relative gut length, diet composition, frequency of occurrence, trophic level, index of preponderance, food niche breadth, and food overlap. The result showed that the purple-spotted bigeye is a carnivorous fish (trophic level ranges from 3.88 to 4.18), whose main food is fish and shrimp. Based on the niche breadth value, purple-spotted bigeye from East Java were more diverse in finding food (niche breadth = 0.26) than from West Java (niche breadth = 0.06) and Central Java (niche breadth = 0.09). The purple-spotted bigeye species from West Java and Central Java exhibited a high level of competition in their search for food, as indicated by a food overlap value of 0.998.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}