Katee N. Perez , Andrew C. Peterson , Rich J. Lisonbee , J.Peter Loan , Amy L. Lenz
{"title":"Cadaveric validation of markerless tracking using weightbearing computed tomography versus conventional computed tomography imaging techniques","authors":"Katee N. Perez , Andrew C. Peterson , Rich J. Lisonbee , J.Peter Loan , Amy L. Lenz","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to validate the use of weightbearing computed tomography against conventional computed tomography and against bead tracking for markerless tracking of key foot and ankle bones. A left cadaveric limb was implanted with tantalum beads and underwent conventional computed tomography and weightbearing computed tomography scanning, followed by biplane fluoroscopy motion capture to simulate gait. Bone models from conventional computed tomography and weightbearing computed tomography were compared for surface differences and kinematic analysis across six joints. Results showed the average surface distance difference across all weightbearing computed tomography bones were a fraction of a voxel smaller than the conventional computed tomography bones on average. Additionally, the absolute mean and standard deviation of the mean angle differences across all trials, joints, and planes was less than one degree. Weightbearing computed tomography demonstrated comparable accuracy to conventional computed tomography and to bead tracking, confirming its utility in dynamic biomechanical analysis with reduced radiation exposure and the ability to image under load. This validation supports weightbearing computed tomography's broader adoption in clinical and research settings for enhanced foot and ankle diagnostics and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A compact and cost-effective gait simulator to advance prosthesis development with reduced reliance on human subject testing: Development, validation and application","authors":"S. Sudeesh, M.S. Shunmugam, S. Sujatha","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gait simulators play a crucial role in assessing the performance of physical prototypes of prosthetic knees, validating numerical simulation findings, and reducing dependency on user trials during prosthesis development. However, their practical application is limited because of substantial capital investment required for sophisticated high degrees-of-freedom (DOF) system development on one side and insufficient DOF for accurate simulation on the other. In this study, we evaluated the minimum DOF of thigh segment that a gait simulator should have to test the performance of prosthetic knees in a cost-effective manner. Initially, numerical simulations of swing phase of prosthetic leg with IITM polycentric knee (IPK) using 3D gait data and with different arrested DOF of the thigh were performed to identify the essential DOF of gait simulator. By comparing different cases of arrested DOF with the six-DOF ideal case, it was revealed that only sagittal plane movements, namely flexion-extension, vertical translation, and horizontal translation, are sufficient to test prosthetic knees. Subsequently, a compact and modular gait simulator was developed. Hardware-in-loop simulations of the IPK using the gait simulator were used to demonstrate its effectiveness in assessing the performance of prosthetic knees, which validated the ability of the IPK to extend completely without an extension assist before heel contact. Additionally, it was exposed that the IPK's extension stop needs redesigning to effectively absorb the impact energy when the knee extends completely before heel contact. These findings emphasize the significance of a cost-effective gait simulator in prosthesis development and reduce dependency on user trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 104254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D bioheat transfer mapping reveals nanomagnetic particles effectiveness in radiofrequency hyperthermia breast cancer treatment comparing to experimental study","authors":"Mahsa Kavousi , Erfan Saadatmand , Mahboubeh Masoumbeigi , Rabi Mahdavi , Nader Riyahi Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia has been widely used for tumor ablation since magnetic-fluid-hyperthermia (MFH) can be utilized for increasing temperature in tumor-region as a complementary-method for hyperthermia. In this study, the effectiveness of using the magnetite-nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) in RF hyperthermia for breast cancer (BC) treatment by determining 3D-temperature-distribution using bioheat-transfer-mapping was evaluated. A breast-phantom with a tumor region was placed in an RF-device with 13.56 MHz frequency in different states (with and without-nanomagnetite). Parallelly, the calculations of the RF-wave and bioheat-equation were accomplished by numerical-simulation and finite-element-method (FEM) in COMSOL-software. The temperature differences were experimentally measured at different points of the phantom with a precision of 0.1 °C, with temperature of 3.6 °C and 6.1 °C in without and with nanomagnetic conditions in tumor area, respectively, and also for normal area with temperature of 1.8 °C and 1.9 °C in non-presence and presence states of 0.05 gr magnetite for both conditions, respectively. Moreover, the difference between the simulation and the experimental results was 0.54–1.1 %. The conformity between temperature measurement in experimental and simulation studies in tumor and normal areas showed the effectiveness of the application of MNPs for RF hyperthermia in tissue equivalent breast phantom. Finally, the positive effect of 0.05 gr of MNPs on BC treatment was confirmed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS) using echo amplitudes of the therapeutic focused transducer","authors":"Yufeng Zhou , Xiaobo Gong , Yaqin You","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>B-mode sonography is commonly used to monitor focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS), but has limitations in sensitivity. More accurate and reliable prediction of coagulation is required.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The focused ultrasound (FUS) transducer was adapted for echo reception. Numerical simulations compared the normalized echo amplitudes from the FUS transducer and imaging probe at varying tissue depths and frequencies with a 3 mm necrosis at focus. An <em>ex vivo</em> experiment then evaluated echo changes from the FUS transducer and ultrasound imaging probe under different settings. Finally, coagulation prediction using FUS echo data was compared to sonography in a clinical <em>ex vivo</em> context.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The echo amplitudes from the FUS transducer exhibit a less pronounced decline with increasing tissue penetration depth compared to the ultrasound imaging probe. In <em>ex vivo</em> bovine liver experiments at depths of 2 cm and 4 cm, the FUS transducer detected normalized echo amplitudes that were significantly larger (i.e., 2∼3 folds) than those received by the ultrasound imaging probe. Moreover, multi-layered <em>ex vivo</em> tissue experiments that replicate clinical conditions revealed that coagulation prediction utilizing the FUS transducer's echo amplitudes achieved superior accuracy (91.2% vs. 60.3 %), sensitivity (92.1% vs. 54.5 %), and negative prediction (78.9% vs. 30.6 %), but similar specificity (88.2% vs. 84.6 %) and positive prediction (95.9% vs. 93.8 %) in comparison to sonography.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The echo amplitude of the FUS transducer serves as a sensitive and dependable metric for monitoring the FUAS outcomes. Its utilization may augment the procedure's safety and efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin F Cornish , Karen Van Ooteghem , Matthew Wong , Kyle S Weber , Frederico Pieruccini-Faria , Manuel Montero-Odasso , William E McIlroy
{"title":"Evaluation of a finite state machine algorithm to measure stepping with ankle accelerometry: Performance across a range of gait speeds, tasks, and individual walking ability","authors":"Benjamin F Cornish , Karen Van Ooteghem , Matthew Wong , Kyle S Weber , Frederico Pieruccini-Faria , Manuel Montero-Odasso , William E McIlroy","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable sensors, including accelerometers, are a widely accepted tool to assess gait in clinical and free-living environments. Methods to identify phases and subphases of the gait cycle are necessary for comprehensive assessment of pathological gait. The current study evaluated the accuracy of a finite state machine (FSM) algorithm to detect strides by identifying gait cycle subphases from ankle-worn accelerometry. Algorithm performance was challenged across a range of speeds (0.4-2.6 m/s), task conditions (e.g., single- and dual-task walking), and individual characteristics. Specifically, the study included a range of treadmill speeds in young adults and overground walking conditions in older adults with neurological disease. Manually counted and algorithm-derived stride detection from acceleration data were evaluated using error analysis and Bland-Altman plots for visualization. Overall, the algorithm successfully detected strides (>96 % accuracy) across gait speed ranges and tasks, for young and older adults. The accuracy of an FSM algorithm combined with ankle-worn accelerometers, provides an analytical approach with affordable and portable tools that permits comprehensive assessment of gait unbounded by setting and proves to perform well in in walking tasks characterized by variable walking. These algorithm capabilities and advancements are critical for identifying phase dependent gait impairments in clinical and free-living assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding vibration exposure in wheelchair users: Experimental insights","authors":"Delphine Chadefaux , Ophélie Lariviere , Christophe Sauret , Corentin Bosio , Patricia Thoreux","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the complexities of manual wheelchair (MWC) vibrations is crucial for the well-being of users and their integration into society. This study investigates the experimental choices influencing the assessment of vibration exposure, aiming to contribute for enhanced MWC developments and standardized design principles. By conducting a comprehensive full factorial experiment, the impact of various factors, including four MWC loads, two speeds, five floor types, and two MWC models was examined. Notably, findings highlight the predominant influence of floor type on vibration exposure, followed by speed and, to a lesser extent, MWC properties. Furthermore, the study suggests that enlisting an able-bodied participant is more representative than using a dummy when loading the MWC, providing valuable insights into the genuine MWC/user dyad response to vibrations. This research sets the stage for a more informed and standardized approach to address the vibration exposure faced by MWC users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiapeng He , Zhen Pan , Guowei Zhou , Jiangming Yu , Dayong Li
{"title":"Integrated analysis of clinical indicators and mechanical properties in cancellous bone","authors":"Jiapeng He , Zhen Pan , Guowei Zhou , Jiangming Yu , Dayong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancellous bone plays a critical role as a shock absorber in the human skeletal system. Accurate assessment of its microstructure and mechanical properties is crucial for osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment. However, various methods with different indicators are adopted currently in the clinical and laboratory assessments which lead to confusion and inconvenience for cancellous bone analysis. In the current work, correlations among clinical indicators including CT-derived Hounsfield Unit (HU) & bone mineral density (BMD), laboratory indicators (mass density & volume fraction), and mechanical properties (modulus & strength) are explored. The results show that different indicators can be linearly linked through the HU value which can be adopted as a good microstructure indicator of cancellous bone. Additionally, the impacts of cancellous bone specimen preparation on clinical CT imaging and mechanical properties are also investigated. The results indicate common marrow-removal treatment can lead to decrease in mean HU value, deviation in HU value distribution, while it will increase the modulus and strength. The current work provides a valuable insight into the cancellous properties based on comprehensive analysis on the clinical and laboratory assessments which is critical for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaifeng Zheng , Jie Pan , Ziyan Jia , Shuyan Xiao , Weige Tao , Dachuan Zhang , Qing Li , Lingjiao Pan
{"title":"A method of nucleus image segmentation and counting based on TC-UNet++ and distance watershed","authors":"Kaifeng Zheng , Jie Pan , Ziyan Jia , Shuyan Xiao , Weige Tao , Dachuan Zhang , Qing Li , Lingjiao Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleus segmentation and counting play a crucial role in many cell analysis applications. However, the dense distribution and blurry boundaries of nucleus make nucleus segmentation tasks challenging. This paper proposes a novel segmentation and counting method. Firstly, TC-UNet++ is proposed to achieve a global segmentation. Then, the distance watershed method is used to finish local segmentation, which separate the adhesion and overlap part of the image. Finally, counting method is performed to obtain information on the counting number, area and center of mass of nucleus. TC-UNet++ achieved a Dice coefficient of 89.95% for cell instance segmentation on the Data Science Bowl dataset, surpassing the original U-Net++ by 0.23%. It also showed a 5.09% improvement in counting results compared to other methods. On the ALL-IDB dataset, TC-UNet++ reached a Dice coefficient of 83.97%, a 7.93% increase over the original U-Net++. Additionally, its counting results improved by 16.82% compared to other approaches. These results indicate that our method has a more complete and reasonable nucleus segmentation and counting scheme compared to other methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bone ingrowth in randomly distributed porous interbody cage during lumbar spinal fusion","authors":"Rahul Gautam Talukdar , Santanu Dhara , Sanjay Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous interbody cages are often used in spinal fusion surgery since they allow bone ingrowth which facilitates long-term stability. However, the extent of bone ingrowth in and around porous interbody cages has scarcely been investigated. Moreover, tissue differentiation might not be similar around the superior and inferior cage-bone interfaces. Using mechanobiology-based numerical framework and physiologic loading conditions, the study investigates the spatial distribution of evolutionary bone ingrowth within randomly distributed porous interbody cages, having varied porosities. Finite Element (FE) microscale models, corresponding to cage porosities of 60 %, 72 %, and 83 %, were developed for the superior and inferior interfacial regions of the cage, along with the macroscale model of the implanted lumbar spine. The implant-bone relative displacements of different porosity models were mapped from macroscale to microscale model. Bone formation of 10–40 % was predicted across the porous cage models, resulting in an average Young's modulus ranging between 765 MPa and 915 MPa. Maximum bone ingrowth of ∼34 % was observed for the 83 % porous cage, which was subject to low implant-bone relative displacements (maximum 50μm). New bone formation was found to be greater at the superior interface (∼34 %) as compared to the inferior interface (∼30 %) for P83 model. Relatively greater volume of fibrous tissue was formed at the implant-bone interface for the cage with 60 % and 72 % porosities, which might lead to cage migration and eventual failure of the implant. Hence, the interbody cage with 83 % porosity appears to be most favorable for bone ingrowth, provided sufficient mechanical strength is offered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Liu , XiaoYi Yang , PengFei Wang , Yu Huang , Xing Huang
{"title":"Experimental studies on penetration process of high-speed water-jet into ballistic gelatin","authors":"Li Liu , XiaoYi Yang , PengFei Wang , Yu Huang , Xing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reveal the penetration mechanism and present the penetration characteristics of high-speed micro-jet with injection volume larger than 0.3 mL into soft tissue, the present study conducted experimental research on high-speed water-jet penetration into ballistic gelatin. The free jet dynamics of an air-powered needle-free injector that can emit up to 1.27 mL of liquid at once and the penetration dynamics were visualized to reveal the details of the penetration process. In the early unstable stage, the jet is emitted in the form of pulses, and the first jet pulse can rapidly generate an initial slender channel in gelatin in a very short time. In the subsequent stable stage, energy input produces dispersion and further increases the penetration depth slowly. Changing the driving pressure by the power source mainly changes the penetration depth increment by dispersion; while changing the nozzle diameter mainly affects the penetration depth in the initial stage. The central position of the dispersion area in the injection direction was firstly defined in the present work and it was found that an approximate linear relationship between this position and the maximum penetration depth exits for different nozzle diameters and driving pressures when injecting the same liquid dose. These research results can provide a basis for a thorough understanding of the penetration characteristics of high-speed micro-jet with injection volume larger than 0.3 mL into soft tissue, as well as the design and operation of the air-powered needle-free injector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49836,"journal":{"name":"Medical Engineering & Physics","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}