Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science最新文献_第3页

2017 Wilkins–Bernal–Medawar Lecture: why philosophy of science matters to science 2017 Wilkins–Bernal–Medawar讲座：为什么科学哲学对科学很重要

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-11-28 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0054

M. Massimi

引用次数: 1

Cetacean citations and the covenant of iron Cetacean引文与铁之约

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-11-14 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0033

Jenny Bulstrode

{"title":"Cetacean citations and the covenant of iron","authors":"Jenny Bulstrode","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0033","url":null,"abstract":"By the early decades of the nineteenth century, with surveys established as the weapon of choice for the fiscal military state, their instrumentation provided a focal point for radical attacks on political establishments. This paper considers a notorious dispute over mastery of iron in the instrumentation of magnetic surveying that took place in the 1830s between an Admiralty committee and the Reverend William Scoresby, a whaler-turned-clergyman. Scoresby staked his claim by drawing on the labour law of the whaleboats, a culture peculiarly preoccupied with the properties of bone and blubber, ink and skin, parchment and iron, where magnetism was forged in the ‘combinations’, as Scoresby put it, of such specific materials. The enterprises of his most avid reader, peer and fellow labour rights activist, Herman Melville, showcase the salience of Scoresby's struggle with Admiralty authority. The eminent Australian scholar Greg Dening's approach to ethnohistory proves the appropriate instrument with which to analyse such an encounter between traditions, negotiated through material forms. In the fraught exchange between whaler and maritime state, the combination laws that helped prompt the threat of revolution in early nineteenth-century Britain were translated into Scoresby's iron. Extant material and archival collections in Greenwich and Whitby offer traces of a battle between ways of knowing this protean metal: ‘not down in any map; true places never are’.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"167 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frontispiece 卷首插图

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-11-07 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0040

引用次数: 0

The reappearance of Galileo's original Letter to Benedetto Castelli 伽利略给贝内代托·卡斯特利的原信的再现

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0053

M. Camerota, F. Giudice, S. Ricciardo

{"title":"The reappearance of Galileo's original Letter to Benedetto Castelli","authors":"M. Camerota, F. Giudice, S. Ricciardo","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0053","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes an important manuscript discovered recently in the Royal Society archives, and presents evidence that it is the holograph of Galileo's Letter to Benedetto Castelli of 21 December 1613. It was in this letter that Galileo first set out his ideas on the relation between science and religion, and defended Copernican astronomy from charges of being contrary to the Holy Scriptures. The text of the Letter has hitherto been known only through manuscript copies, namely the 12 used by Antonio Favaro in his critical edition of 1895. Despite his magisterial work, Favaro did not manage to locate Galileo's autograph and was forced to rely exclusively on copies. The Letter to Castelli preserved at the Royal Society is of remarkable interest. By comparison with the other extant manuscript copies by different hands, its wording seems to be theologically more daring and compromising. The discovery of this autograph is therefore one of the most important in Galilean studies in recent decades, shedding new light on his intricate relations with the Roman Catholic Church in these years.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"11 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Thermometer screens and the geographies of uniformity in nineteenth-century meteorology 温度计屏幕和19世纪气象学的一致性地理

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0037

S. Naylor

{"title":"Thermometer screens and the geographies of uniformity in nineteenth-century meteorology","authors":"S. Naylor","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0037","url":null,"abstract":"By the 1860s a number of thermometer stands, screens and boxes were being used at public observatories and in private settings. The ultimate object of these humble pieces of scientific infrastructure was to protect the thermometers from precipitation and radiation. In response to concerns over the quality of designs and the comparability of results a trial of the various apparatuses was staged at Strathfield Turgiss, Hampshire, in 1868, and subsequent discussions were organized by Britain's Meteorological Society (from 1883 the Royal Meteorological Society). In an attempt to guarantee uniformity of exposure, the Society recommended the adoption of the Stevenson screen, a double-louvred box designed by Thomas Stevenson in 1866. It was promoted as an essential part of the Society's network of second-order and climatological stations across England. Despite the Meteorological Society's aim of overcoming the idiosyncrasies of geography through recourse to a uniform pattern screen, their chosen design ended up embodying a particular geography: the aesthetic and moral codes of the suburban domestic garden.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"203 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47089618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Physical arguments and moral inducements: John Wallis on questions of antiquarianism and natural philosophy 物理论证和道德诱因：约翰·瓦利斯谈古物主义和自然哲学问题

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0021

P. Beeley

{"title":"Physical arguments and moral inducements: John Wallis on questions of antiquarianism and natural philosophy","authors":"P. Beeley","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0021","url":null,"abstract":"In his posthumously published work Chartham News (1669), the antiquary William Somner tentatively sought to link the discovery of fossilized remains near Canterbury to the prehistoric existence of an isthmus connecting Britain and France, before calling on natural philosophers to pursue his explanation further. This call was eventually heeded by the Oxford mathematician John Wallis, but only after more than thirty years had elapsed. The arrival in England of a catalogue of questions concerning the geology of the Channel led to the republication of Chartham News in the Philosophical Transactions, prompting Wallis to develop a physical explanation based on his intimate knowledge of the Kent coastline. Unbeknown to Wallis at the time, that catalogue had been sent by G. W. Leibniz, who had in turn received it from G. D. Schmidt, the former Resident of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Sweden. Wallis's explanation, based on the principle of establishing physical causes both for the rupturing of the isthmus and for the origin of fossils, placed him in a camp opposed by Newtonian authors such as John Harris at a time when the priority dispute over the discovery of the calculus led to the severing of his ties with the German mathematician and philosopher Leibniz.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"413 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49316944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The hydrostatical works of George Sinclair (c. 1630–1696): an addendum 乔治·辛克莱（约1630–1696）的流体静力学著作：附录

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0048

A. Craik, Danielle Spittle

引用次数: 1

Analysis and demonstration: Wallis and Newton on mathematical presentation 分析与论证:沃利斯和牛顿的数学表示

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0025

A. Kaplan

{"title":"Analysis and demonstration: Wallis and Newton on mathematical presentation","authors":"A. Kaplan","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Emulating the Greek geometers, Newton used synthetic demonstration to present the ground-breaking arguments of the Principia. This paper argues that we can better understand Newton's reasons for using geometry by considering John Wallis's interpretation of synthetic demonstration. Wallis condemned demonstration for failing to explain the mathematical truths it presented. He opposed to it a presentation that combined symbolic analysis with a documented account of discovery. In preferring symbols, Wallis was motivated both by the nascent tradition of symbolic analysis and by contemporary interest in artificial languages. Newton maintained Wallis's characterization of Greek demonstration as adapted to common understanding rather than as strictly elucidating, but he inverted the values Wallis associated with synthesis and analysis. In Newton's new account, synthetic demonstration was preferable precisely because it could address inexpert readers without exposing them to the complications of symbols-based analysis. Newton advanced his arguments on behalf of geometry through portraits of ancient mathematicians: Archimedes and Pythagoras.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"447 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42985933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Geomagnetic instruments at National Museums Scotland 苏格兰国家博物馆的地磁仪器

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2018.0035

A. D. Morrison-Low

引用次数: 0

Follow the data: administering science at Edward Sabine's magnetic department, Woolwich, 1841–57 跟着数据走:1841年至1857年，在伍尔维奇，爱德华·萨宾的磁学部门管理科学

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0036

M. Goodman

引用次数: 2