Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science最新文献_第2页

2022 Wilkins–Bernal–Medawar Lecture Remaking Ourselves: Technologies of Flesh and the Futures of Selfhood 2022年威尔金斯-伯纳尔-梅达沃讲座重塑我们自己:肉体技术和自我的未来

3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2023.0061

Philip Ball

{"title":"2022 Wilkins–Bernal–Medawar Lecture Remaking Ourselves: Technologies of Flesh and the Futures of Selfhood","authors":"Philip Ball","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0061","url":null,"abstract":"Our biotechnologies have entered uncharted territory. The facility for precision editing of the human genome raises the prospect of systematic, ‘post-Darwinian’ control of inheritance. Stem cells can be used to make embryo-like structures that were never fertilized eggs and which might or might not recapitulate normal embryonic development. Neural ‘organoids’ grown in a dish force us to ask what are the minimal substrates of consciousness. It is easy to spin dystopian tales out of such developments, but those offer little guidance for the more urgent issue of how to regulate these technologies or how to discuss their ethical and societal implications. Here I argue for the importance, in those debates, of keeping historical and cultural perspectives visible and explicit: on the one hand to recognize the deep roots of the more lurid fantasies that these developments evoke, and on the other hand to consider how the latest advances challenge the narratives that scientists themselves have employed to frame their research. We should be prepared to be unsettled by what in 1890 zoologist Jacques Loeb called ‘a technology of living substance’—but perhaps not necessarily in ways we can anticipate.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harvesting Underground: (re)generative theories and vegetal analogies in the early modern debate on mineral ores (I) 地下收获:近代早期矿石争论中的再生理论和植物类比(一)

3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2023.0032

Francesco Luzzini

{"title":"Harvesting Underground: (re)generative theories and vegetal analogies in the early modern debate on mineral ores (I)","authors":"Francesco Luzzini","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0032","url":null,"abstract":"The early modern use of vegetal terms to explain the origin and growth of ores was widespread in mining industry, alchemy, and natural philosophy. In the writings of authors from many different backgrounds, mineral veins were often described as ‘trees’ which moved upwards, bore fruits, and underwent a life cycle. Accordingly, the existence in ores of ‘seeds’ (and, therefore, of a (re)generative power) was frequently invoked to explain the apparent similarities between minerals and plants. This method of describing mineral processes—called here the botanical model —also had a lasting terminological influence, as is attested by various expressions that are still common among miners and scientists. The notions underlying these terms are part of a larger body of ‘organic interpretations’ of mineral resources that endured into the eighteenth century and contributed to the development of the Earth sciences, mining industry, and the human–environment relationship. In focusing mainly on the rise of the botanical model in Renaissance Europe, this essay is the first part of a more extensive study (to be completed in a forthcoming paper) on the evolution of this important concept and its interaction with the new science throughout the early modern period.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large as life: Francis Bacon on the animate matter of plants 大如生命：弗朗西斯·培根谈植物的生命物质

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2023.0029

Guido Giglioni

{"title":"Large as life: Francis Bacon on the animate matter of plants","authors":"Guido Giglioni","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2023.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2023.0029","url":null,"abstract":"As paradigmatic instantiations of animate matter, plants are natural specimens of both large and long life in Francis Bacon's philosophy. More than animals do, they display the power of physical growth and temporal continuity. More than the minerals do, they boost connectivity and fluidity. As a direct expression of animate matter, the life of plants is bountiful, real and supple. The way they grow redefines the very norms of measure and form in nature. Here the adjective ‘large’, when used to qualify the life of plants, indicates that such variables as size, proportion and hierarchy may vary dramatically when matter takes on the state of vegetal animation. Bacon is certainly aware of the threatening impact that this view may have on the way in which we understand and handle reality: nature, which does not listen to human reason, has within itself the potential to grow out of proportion, ignoring the laws of form, order and measure. In this respect, plants set a bad example as they display remarkable powers of plasticity and metamorphosis in matter. Bacon, however, is more interested in the observable and experimental reality of plants, for this aspect of the investigation could have decisive implications within the greater scheme of the Great Instauration.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49006897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Localizing Western expertise: İhsan Doğramaci, Ş. Raşit Hatipoğlu, and the quest for scientific development in modern Turkey 将西方专业知识本地化:İhsan Doğramaci， Ş。ra<s:1> Hatipoğlu，以及现代土耳其对科学发展的追求

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2022.0008

Ali Erken

引用次数: 0

Reflexive witnessing: Boyle, the Royal Society and scientific style 自反性见证:波义耳、皇家学会与科学风格

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0051

A. Hogarth, Michael Witmore

{"title":"Reflexive witnessing: Boyle, the Royal Society and scientific style","authors":"A. Hogarth, Michael Witmore","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0051","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses quantitative methods to analyse the language of Royal Society prose. Historians of science such as Barbara Shapiro have argued that specific linguistic features are detectable in the Royal Society's experimental reports, including first-person reporting and expressions of modesty. Moreover, Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer's influential study of Royal Society writing suggests that such linguistic strategies are designed to establish trust in the reporter and enable readers to become ‘virtual witnesses’ to experimental activities. While previous scholarship has persuasively identified distinct modes of rhetorical appeal in Royal Society texts, our corpus-based linguistic approach offers a more fine-grained description of the rhetoric of modesty and witnessing identified by other scholars. Our analysis further suggests that Royal Society writers had a self-reflexive and temporally complex relationship with the process of inquiry that is not fully captured by these qualitative studies; we call this linguistic structure ‘reflexive witnessing’. Having defined that structure linguistically and surveyed it across a broader range of early modern texts, we demonstrate that ‘reflexive witnessing’ was not exclusive to the community of the Royal Society.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41872958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A gunpowder controversy in the early Royal Society, 1667–70 1667-70年英国皇家学会早期的火药争论

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0050

Haileigh Robertson

{"title":"A gunpowder controversy in the early Royal Society, 1667–70","authors":"Haileigh Robertson","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0050","url":null,"abstract":"In 1667, ‘The History of Saltpetre and Gunpowder’ by Thomas Henshaw was published in Thomas Sprat's The History of the Royal Society. Three years later, Henshaw's work was subject to a scathing review by the notorious anti-Royal Society pamphleteer, Henry Stubbe. I argue that, for Stubbe, Henshaw was not merely a passive representative of the Royal Society through which he could direct his ire, but gunpowder, the subject of Henshaw's research, was important. Both Henshaw and Stubbe employed gunpowder deliberately and strategically. In this article I explore the reasons behind the Royal Society deciding to publish a ‘Baconian history’ of gunpowder. First I argue that the high status of gunpowder was used as a justification for experimental pursuits, and it provided a direct connection to the Society's forebear Francis Bacon. But Stubbe, who was already a critic of the Royal Society, happened to have knowledge that made him uniquely placed to write animadversions against Henshaw's paper. Secondly, gunpowder can shed light on the Baconian histories and the challenges faced by Baconian scholars in putting this project into practice.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48435697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adventures with instruments: science and seafaring in the precarious career of Christopher Middleton 仪器冒险：克里斯托弗·米德尔顿岌岌可危的职业生涯中的科学和航海

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0046

J. Bennett

{"title":"Adventures with instruments: science and seafaring in the precarious career of Christopher Middleton","authors":"J. Bennett","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0046","url":null,"abstract":"Christopher Middleton (d. 1770) was a sea captain, first with the Hudson's Bay Company, then in the Royal Navy, who was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1742. His early work on magnetic variation in northern latitudes was encouraged by Edmond Halley, as he published a series of tables of variation in the Philosophical Transactions. These tables illustrate Middleton's transition from the priorities characteristic of the seaman's interest in variation to the wider, natural philosophical agenda of the Society. They illustrate also his enthusiasm for novel instrumentation, in particular altitude instruments for use at sea, such as Hadley's quadrant. Middleton was persuaded by Arthur Dobbs to resign from the Hudson's Bay Company and accept a commission in the Royal Navy so as to command an expedition to search for a Northwest Passage to the East Indies from Hudson's Bay. It was his report on this voyage that won him the Copley Medal but which also led to a bitter and, for Middleton, ruinous public dispute with Dobbs. Middleton emerges as an outstanding seaman and a worthy, if relatively unknown, medallist.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49353216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Anniversary address Friday 30 November 2018 周年纪念致辞2018年11月30日星期五

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2018.0067

Venki Ramakrishnan

引用次数: 0

Survey stories in the history of British polar exploration: museums, objects and people 英国极地探险史上的调查故事:博物馆，物品和人

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-11-28 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0038

C. Connelly, Claire Warrior

引用次数: 2

Hand-in-hand with the survey: surveying and the accumulation of knowledge capital at India House during the Napoleonic Wars 携手调查：拿破仑战争期间印度之家的调查与知识资本积累

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-11-28 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2018.0039

J. Ratcliff

{"title":"Hand-in-hand with the survey: surveying and the accumulation of knowledge capital at India House during the Napoleonic Wars","authors":"J. Ratcliff","doi":"10.1098/RSNR.2018.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/RSNR.2018.0039","url":null,"abstract":"In the early nineteenth century, the material culture of British science was being transformed by an increasingly centralized colonial information order. Surveys conducted during and immediately after the Napoleonic Wars were particularly important to the growth of the East India Company's new collections in London. In the wake of territorial gains, surveyors and their staff bought, plundered, collected and otherwise acquired a wide range of materials related to arts, sciences, history, natural history and literature. Focusing on survey collections formed in Ceylon, Mysore and Java between 1795 and 1820, this essay explores the place of the Company's culture of surveying and collecting within both Company science and wider shifts in the political economy of colonial collecting. Such shifts include changes in property claims, the growing clout of the Company's library and museum in London and, most importantly, the Napoleonic Wars. The wartime context enabled not only basic access to new materials but also cheap modes of collection and a motive to collect—or to value collections—driven by commercial and territorial competition.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"149 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/RSNR.2018.0039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49026596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4