Nursing Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Domestic violence and mental health: Legal issues in clinical practice.","authors":"Shannon Dhollande, Craig Morris, Jayde Shepheard, Catherine Hungerford","doi":"10.1177/09697330261476258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330261476258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHealthcare is a heavily regulated environment in which nurses must navigate the delivery of therapeutic care while also managing their legal responsibilities. Appropriate care may appear ambiguous when the person who has experienced domestic or family violence is also experiencing mental health issues.AimThis study aims to present a case study, with learning objectives aligned to core legal, ethical, and clinical decision-making considerations and then demonstrate how students can be guided to analyse the case study, identify legal concerns, and address the arising issues to provide appropriate mental healthcare.Research DesignA simulated, constructed teaching case was analysed against relevant Australian legislation, professional standards, and organizational policy to identify key legal and practice issues at the intersection of domestic and family violence and mental healthcare.Ethical ConsiderationsSimulated case studies include realistic details that mirror practice environments. This case, designed for educational purposes, does not reproduce or disclose any real patient information, thereby avoiding confidentiality and ethical concerns.ResultsRecommendations surrounding lawful information sharing and the use of least-restrictive practices have been made. There is a need to support nurses with relevant education aligned with clear policies that reflect legislation.ConclusionsThis article highlights how legislation underpins and influences the provision of safe trauma-informed healthcare. Where domestic and family violence intersect with mental deterioration nursing staff need to navigate between their legal and ethical role and responsibilities. Using a simulated case study this article provides recommendations for care for these often-complex presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"9697330261476258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a clinical protocol to reduce patients' sexual dignity discomfort.","authors":"Min Jung Kang, Soo Yeon Lim, Sihyun Park","doi":"10.1177/09697330261476263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330261476263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundIn healthcare, patients are inherently required to undress, expose their bodies, and entrust themselves to others at their most vulnerable states. However, the potential sexual dignity discomfort (SDD) during these moments remains an underexplored dimension of patient dignity in healthcare settings. Unaddressed SDD can erode patients' trust in providers, prompt avoidance of necessary care, and ultimately compromise health outcomes.Research aimThis study aimed to develop and validate a culturally grounded clinical protocol to prevent patients' SDD in South Korean healthcare settings.Research designA multistep protocol-development design was employed, comprising protocol development, Delphi validation, and interview-informed refinement.Participants and research contextA total of 26 healthcare professionals from diverse clinical settings in South Korea participated in the Delphi surveys, and nine experts participated in in-depth interviews.Ethical considerationsThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chung-Ang University, and all participants provided informed consent.FindingsThe initial Delphi survey demonstrated high perceived necessity and importance of the protocol items but relatively lower feasibility and practice, revealing a gap between ethical awareness and practical implementation. Qualitative interviews identified several barriers to implementation, including sociocultural norms, defensive clinical attitudes, structural constraints, and hierarchical power dynamics. Based on these findings, the protocol was refined and finalized with 7 domains and 24 items.ConclusionsThe protocol developed in this study offers an evidence-based and culturally feasible framework not only as a practical guide for healthcare providers but also as an affirmation that every patient who exposes their body in clinical care deserves to have their dignity recognized, respected, and actively protected.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"9697330261476263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negotiating authority and hierarchy amongst UK and Australian nurses.","authors":"Ryan Essex, Lydia Mainey, Ada Hui","doi":"10.1177/09697330261476268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330261476268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAuthority and hierarchy shape nursing practice, influencing professional relationships, decision-making, advocacy and patient care. Although these concepts are widely present in healthcare, they are often examined indirectly through issues such as communication, bullying, professional status or organisational culture, rather than as phenomena in their own right.Research question/aim/objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore how nurses and midwives in the United Kingdom and Australia experience authority and navigate hierarchy in their work, and the consequences of these dynamics for ethical practice.Research designA qualitative study was conducted using online semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis, following COREQ reporting guidance.Participants and research context10 registered nurses and midwives from the United Kingdom and Australia participated. Participants worked across clinical, educational and academic contexts, with some still in full-time clinical practice and others having moved into non-clinical roles.Ethical considerationsEthical approval was granted by an institutional ethics committee. Participants provided informed consent. Given the sensitivity of the topic and the small sample, detailed demographic information was not collected or reported to protect confidentiality.Findings/resultsFive interconnected forms of authority were identified: professional, regulatory, theoretical, institutional and political. Authority was experienced as dynamic, relational and context-dependent, shifting across roles, relationships and settings. Participants described nursing as often positioned as subordinate within healthcare hierarchies, while also exercising authority through advocacy, expertise, influence and everyday resistance. Regulatory and institutional structures were experienced as both enabling and constraining, legitimising professional action while also limiting what could be said or done.ConclusionsAuthority in nursing is not fixed or determined solely by role or position, but it is continually negotiated in everyday practice. Nurses both reproduce and resist hierarchical structures while managing tensions between advocacy, compliance, professional risk and patient care, with authority and hierarchy shaping a range of ethical features of practice, including autonomy, communication and moral distress. Greater recognition of these dynamics may support safer, more ethical and more responsive healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"9697330261476268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postgraduate nursing students' experiences of expressing concerns in supervisory relationships.","authors":"Yue Xiang, Haoning Shi, Keke Ren, Xilin Yang, Lin Li, Qinghua Zhao, Huanhuan Huang","doi":"10.1177/09697330261476265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330261476265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundPower imbalances between supervisors and students can hinder graduate students from expressing concerns, potentially affecting academic progress and well-being. This issue may be more pronounced in nursing education due to the hierarchical culture.AimDrawing on boundary work theory, this study explores postgraduate nursing students' experiences of expressing concerns in power-imbalanced supervisory relationships, and examines whether informal peer support serves as an alternative channel when formal supervisory communication is constrained.DesignA descriptive qualitative design was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.Participants and research contextBetween November 2025 and January 2026, 18 postgraduate nursing students were recruited from four universities in Sichuan and Chongqing, China.Ethical considerationsEthical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Approval Number: 2026-0423-01).ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) Attempting formal feedback: exploring and defining supervisor-student boundaries; (2) Encountering obstacles in formal feedback: the narrowing and reinforcement of supervisor-student boundaries; (3) Shifting to informal peer support: alternative expressions within constrained boundaries.ConclusionPostgraduate nursing students commonly experience dissatisfaction in supervisory relationships. Within power-imbalanced contexts, their expression of concerns is often constrained and redirected toward informal peer support. The interviews indicate that peer support can provide emotional support and advice, but it does not fully address the underlying issues. Therefore, it is necessary to foster a more open and egalitarian communication climate among supervisors and to improve institutional feedback and communication mechanisms at the school level.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"9697330261476265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral distress risk profiling in ICU nurses: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Wei Hu, Xia Li","doi":"10.1177/09697330261474090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330261474090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMoral distress is common among ICU nurses and has been linked to burnout, diminished care quality, and turnover. Which factors matter most - and how they combine to shape individual risk - remains poorly characterised.Research objectiveTo identify factors associated with moral distress in ICU nurses and develop a parsimonious, exploratory risk-profiling model.Research designMulticentre cross-sectional survey with machine learning analysis.Participants and research contextA total of 318 registered nurses were recruited from ICUs of multiple tertiary hospitals across China between January and June 2025. Participants completed the Chinese-validated Moral Distress Assessment in Professional Practice Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. High moral distress was present in 28.6% of participants. Data were split into training (<i>n</i> = 223) and test (<i>n</i> = 95) sets. LASSO regression selected 12 predictors from 29 variables, and 11 machine learning algorithms were compared. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis guided feature reduction.Ethical considerationsApproved by the Ethics Committee of Jinzhou Medical University (No. JZMULL2025136). All participants gave written informed consent.FindingsGradient boosting machine (GBM) achieved the best balanced performance among all models (F1 = 0.767). SHAP-guided reduction to six features preserved full discriminative accuracy (AUC = 0.907, 95% CI: 0.834-0.980; DeLong <i>p</i> = 0.969 vs the 12-feature model). The six predictors, in order of importance, were monthly night shifts, financial responsibility role, psychological resilience, sleep quality, nurse-to-patient ratio, and weekly working hours. The model was well-calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow <i>p</i> = 0.220; Brier score = 0.097) and demonstrated net clinical benefit in decision curve analysis. Night shift frequency exhibited a nonlinear relationship with moral distress risk.ConclusionsSix modifiable or assessable factors accounted for most of the predictive signal. These exploratory findings suggest directions for future research and potential intervention - night-shift arrangements, financial strain, and resilience- and sleep-focused support - but the model requires external validation before any clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"9697330261474090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Generation Z's values on healthcare career choices: A scoping review.","authors":"Martina Barbieri, Talita Sallai, Lara Delbene, Oluwakemi Rachael Adeboye, Zuzana Turiakova, Daniela Javornická, Helena Kisvetrova, Alison Steven, Annamaria Bagnasco","doi":"10.1177/09697330261476260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330261476260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundGeneration Z is entering healthcare education and the early career during a period of workforce strain and rapid digital transformation. Ethical values may shape how this cohort engages with training, work environments, and professional roles, yet ethical perspectives are often addressed indirectly in existing studies.MethodsA scoping review following JBI guidance and PRISMA-ScR was conducted. MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses were searched, with no date limits and inclusion of English, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese sources. Screening and extraction followed a structured approach. Study characteristics were summarized descriptively, and ethics-related findings were synthesized using a thematic narrative approach.ResultsTwenty-eight were included, focused mainly on medicine and nursing area. The evidence base was heterogeneous and dominated by cross-sectional surveys, qualitative descriptive studies, and discursive papers, with few theory-driven designs and no consistent use of formal ethical frameworks. Ethical values were rarely the primary focus and more often appeared as embedded orientations within broader discussions. Recurring ethical themes encompassing education, career decisions, professional practice, and health-related behaviours included well-being and boundaries; meaningful work and purpose; empathy, teamwork, and supportive supervision; equity and fairness; autonomy and flexibility; and digital/technological ethics, including privacy, trust, diagnostic reliability, and human connection.ConclusionsEthics-related orientations among Generation Z in healthcare are consistently present but commonly implicit. Greater attention to value-context alignment in learning environments, leadership practices, and digital implementation may help inform strategies to support strengthen engagement and retention. Further research should strengthen conceptual clarity and broaden the contexts and professions studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"9697330261476260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citations for the Human Rights and Nursing Awards 2026.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/09697330261475401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330261475401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"9697330261475401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The professional guest: Ethical challenges in home-based end-of-life care among interprofessional teams.","authors":"Inbal Halevi Hochwald, Gila Yakov, Moran Weiss, Liron Inchi, Inbal Mayan, Ron Sabar","doi":"10.1177/09697330261437250","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09697330261437250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHome-based end-of-life palliative care presents unique ethical challenges that differ fundamentally from those in institutional settings. Healthcare professionals navigate the complex role of being both clinical experts and guests in patients' domestic environments, operating in a context where professional authority is continuously negotiated rather than institutionally established.Research aimThis study examines the ethical tensions healthcare professionals encounter in home-based end-of-life palliative care and explores the strategies they employ to balance and negotiate competing ethical values within patient-family relationships.Research designA qualitative study using thematic content analysis conducted through focus groups and semi-structured interviews.Participants and research contextThirty-three multidisciplinary healthcare professionals from Israeli home-based hospice care participated, all employed by a national organization specializing in home-based medical services. Data was collected through three profession-specific focus groups (physicians, nurses, social workers) and nine semi-structured interviews with organizational leaders.Ethical considerationsThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. All participants provided written informed consent, were assured confidentiality and anonymity, and informed of their right to withdraw without consequences.FindingsTwo interrelated themes were identified. \"<i>From Guest to Clinician</i>\" describes how professionals balance clinical authority with domestic sovereignty, manage involuntary exposure to private patient information, and develop \"protective witnessing,\" a deliberate ethical practice of selective attention preserving patient dignity. \"<i>Distributed Responsibility in Multi-Stakeholder Care</i>\" reveals the paradox of accountability without control: professionals bear clinical responsibility without institutional oversight while working alongside family members as untrained care partners with competing priorities.ConclusionsHome-based palliative care places professionals at the intersection of clinical responsibility and domestic sovereignty, a position for which existing frameworks offer insufficient guidance. Addressing these structural and relational challenges requires both individual-level preparation, including training in ethical decision-making in low-control environments, and systemic policy reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1333-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of interventions to address moral distress in nursing students: An integrative review.","authors":"Valeriya Birdseye, Celena Davis, Lynn Varagona, Modupe Akintomide","doi":"10.1177/09697330261437260","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09697330261437260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moral distress is an increasing concern in nursing education, with evidence that it may undermine learning, ethical confidence, and early professional identity formation. Although the literature includes strategies to address moral distress among nurses, less is known about effective strategies to mitigate it among nursing students. This integrative review examined the available evidence regarding interventions designed to reduce moral distress during prelicensure education. A systematic search of CINAHL, Health Source Nursing, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global was conducted for studies published between 2014 and 2024, supplemented by searches using AI-assisted tools (Connected Papers, Elicit, Scite, and Consensus). Eligible studies included an intervention explicitly aimed at addressing moral distress among nursing students. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts; discrepancies were resolved through consultation with a third reviewer. Study quality was assessed using the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice tool. Findings were synthesized using thematic analysis. Five studies met inclusion criteria, representing interventions incorporating structured ethics content, simulation-based learning, reflective dialogue, instructor facilitation, and self-compassion practices. Across studies, improvements were reported in moral sensitivity, ethical reasoning, indicators of moral resilience, and emotional regulation. Instructor support emerged as a central mechanism that enabled psychological safety and facilitated deeper ethical reflection. Contextual factors, including age, prior exposure to moral adversity, and demographic characteristics, appeared to shape responsiveness. Evidence remains limited by modest samples, heterogeneous intervention designs, and reliance on short-term outcomes. Restricting the review to English-language studies may have resulted in missing relevant research. Findings suggest that multimodal, developmentally informed approaches may have the potential to strengthen nursing students' ethical and emotional capacities while mitigating moral distress, yet larger, rigorous, and longitudinal studies are needed. Early integration of these strategies throughout prelicensure curricula may contribute to more resilient professional identity formation. No review protocol was registered, and no external funding was received.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1618-1628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family caregivers' perspectives on ethical challenges in dementia care.","authors":"Nadiye Barış Eren, Seda Güney, Daniel Sperling","doi":"10.1177/09697330261441780","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09697330261441780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundIn Turkey, dementia care is largely provided by family members due to limited formal services and strong cultural expectations regarding familial responsibility. This situation places caregivers under considerable burden and exposes them to complex ethical dilemmas, particularly when balancing patient autonomy and safety.Research aimThis study aimed to explore the ethical challenges and dilemmas faced by family caregivers providing dementia care in Turkey.Research designA descriptive qualitative design using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was employed to explore caregivers' lived experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews (June-July 2024), audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Methodological rigor was ensured using COREQ guidelines.ParticipantsParticipants comprised 12 family caregivers of individuals with dementia receiving home-based care coordinated by a state hospital in Turkey. Purposive sampling was used. Eligible participants were Turkish-speaking adults who had provided unpaid care for at least 6 months.Ethical considerationsEthical approval was obtained from the Koç University Social Sciences Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2024.022.IRB3.005). Written informed consent was obtained, confidentiality was ensured using pseudonyms, and participants could withdraw at any time without consequences.FindingsThree themes emerged: dissatisfaction with formal dementia care services; caregiving shaped by cultural values, moral responsibility, and emotional burden; and ethical dilemmas related to dignity, autonomy, informed consent, daily care practices, and medical decision-making. Caregivers frequently described tensions between protecting their relatives and respecting autonomy, often in the absence of professional ethical guidance.Discussion and conclusionsThe findings highlight how ethical dilemmas in dementia care are not solely individual but are shaped by cultural norms and systemic limitations. The lack of accessible formal services and ethical support structures intensifies caregivers' moral distress and decision-making burden. Culturally sensitive, ethically informed, and family-centred support systems are essential to strengthen caregivers' decision-making and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49729,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1348-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13415895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}