Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Admission Monocyte/HDL Ratio Predicts Adverse Cardiac Remodeling After St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Ferhat Eyyupkoca,&nbsp;Onur Yildirim,&nbsp;Serkan Sivri,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali-Felekoglu,&nbsp;Bekir Demirtas,&nbsp;Mehmet Sait-Altintas,&nbsp;Burcu Ugurlu-Ilgin,&nbsp;Omer Faruk-Ates","doi":"10.24875/RIC.21000599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.21000599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) has emerged as a potential indicator of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of MHR at the time of hospital admission in late cardiac remodeling and subsequent 1-year mortality in an academic training and research hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective multicenter study included 231 patients with acute ST-elevation MI. Left ventricular (LV) functions and volumes were assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at 2 weeks and 6 months post-MI. The definition of adverse cardiac remodeling (AR) was based on the increase of LV end-diastolic volume by ≥ 12% at 6 months post-MI. All patients were followed for survival for 1 year after the second CMR imaging measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 6 months post-MI, 20 patients (23.8%) exhibited AR. The median MHR was higher in the AR group compared to the group without AR (2.2 vs. 1.5, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between MHR and infarct size in the groups with and without AR. High MHR was an independent predictor of AR (OR: 3.21, p = 0.002). The cut-off value of MHR in predicting AR was found to be >1.6 with 92.7% sensitivity and 70.1% specificity (AUC ± SE: 0.839 ± 0.03, p < 0.001). Mortality risk was 5.62-fold higher in the group with MHR of >1.6 (HR: 5.62, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that admission MHR is a useful tool to predict patients with AR who are at risk of progression to heart failure and mortality after MI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"74 2","pages":"104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39779040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio in Acute Pulmonary Embolism.","authors":"Sevgi Özcan,&nbsp;Esra Dönmez,&nbsp;Sevil Yavuz Tuğrul,&nbsp;İrfan Şahin,&nbsp;Orhan İnce,&nbsp;Murat Ziyrek,&nbsp;Sinan Varol,&nbsp;Serkan Karahan,&nbsp;Ertuğrul Okuyan","doi":"10.24875/RIC.21000547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.21000547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) has been defined as an inflammation-based prognostic marker. We evaluated the association and prognostic value of CRP/albumin ratio in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 256 patients with acute PE who were hospitalized between March 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. PE severity index (PESI) was calculated. Serum levels of CRP and albumin that were obtained at the time of admission were used for calculation. CAR was evaluated for correlation with PESI, and thus, foresee the risk of death due to PE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 186 patients eligible for inclusion. 54 patients were in intermediate, 34 patients were in high risk and 98 patients were in very high-risk group according to PESI score. In the correlation analysis, we observed moderate positive correlations between CRP/albumin ratio, troponin and PESI score (r = 0.584, p < 0.0001; r = 521, p < 0.0001, respectively). Regression analysis revealed that only CRP/albumin ratio and PESI score were independent risk factors associated with 6-month mortality of acute PE patients. The AUC for CRP/albumin ratio was 0.643, 0.751, and 0.763 for 30-day, 90-day, and 6-month mortality, respectively (95% CI: 0.550-0.737, 0.672-0.830, 0.687-0.838]. A cut-off value of 5.33 for CRP/albumin ratio was associated with 65.3% sensitivity and 65.6% specificity in predicting 6-month mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CRP/albumin ratio, an inexpensive and easily measurable laboratory variable, may be a useful prognostic marker of PE, especially when other causes that alter serum levels are excluded from the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"74 2","pages":"097-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39881053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Revisit Related to Discharge the Sixty-one Spanish Emergency Department Medical Centers Without Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Prospective Cohort Study UMC-Pneumonia COVID-19.","authors":"J. Jacob, Arantxa Albert-Casado, Juan G Del-Castillo, P. Llorens-Soriano, Sonia Jiménez-Hernández, G. Burillo-Putze, A. Martín-Martínez, F. Martín-Sánchez, E. J. García-Lamberechts, P. Piñera-Salmerón, A. Alquézar-Arbé, Carles Ferre-Losa, María Á Juan-Gómez, Leticia Serrano-Lázaro, José Noceda-Bermejo, M. Salido-Mota, María J Fortuny-Bayarri, M. González-Tejera, José M Ferreras-Amez, Elena Díaz-Fernández, Eva Quero-Motto, Ana Peiró-Gómez, Enrique Martín-Mojarro, F. Llopis-Roca, Arturo Huerta-García, Jorge Pedraza-García, Napoleón Meléndez-Cálix, José V Brazó-Aznar, M. J. Cano-Cano, Ò. Miró","doi":"10.24875/RIC.22000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.22000021","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Information is needed on the safety and efficacy of direct discharge from the emergency department (ED) of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objectives\u0000The objectives of the study were to study the variables associated with discharge from the ED in patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, and study ED revisits related to COVID-19 at 30 days (EDR30d).\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Multicenter study of the SIESTA cohort including 1198 randomly selected COVID patients in 61 EDs of Spanish medical centers from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. We collected baseline and related characteristics of the acute episode and calculated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for ED discharge. In addition, we analyzed the variables related to EDR30d in discharged patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000We analyzed 859 patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, 84 (9.8%) of whom weredischarged from the ED. The variables independently associated with discharge were being a woman (aOR 1.890; 95%CI 1.176 3.037), age < 60 years (aOR 2.324; 95%CI 1.353-3.990), and lymphocyte count > 1200/mm3 (aOR 4.667; 95%CI 1.045-20.839). The EDR30d of the ED discharged group was 40.0%, being lower in women (aOR 0.368; 95%CI 0.142-0.953). A totalof 130 hospitalized patients died (16.8%) as did two in the group discharged from the ED (2.4%) (OR 0.121; 95%CI 0.029-0.498).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Discharge from the ED in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was infrequent and was associated with few variables of the episode. The EDR30d was high, albeit with a low mortality.","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88049650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Antihypertensive medication].","authors":"R. Navarrete","doi":"10.1002/9781119799412.ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119799412.ch5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"37 1","pages":"317-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75543625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Splitting the Total Dose of Cyclophosphamide in Two Blocks Apart during the Conditioning of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis Results in Diminished Cardiotoxicity: Experience in 1,000 Patients.","authors":"Juan Carlos Olivares-Gazca,&nbsp;Francisco Guerrero-Pesqueira,&nbsp;Iván Murrieta-Alvarez,&nbsp;Yahveth Cantero-Fortiz,&nbsp;Andrés A León-Peña,&nbsp;José M Priesca-Marín,&nbsp;David Gomez-Almaguer,&nbsp;Andrés Gomez-De-Leon,&nbsp;Guillermo J Ruiz-Delgado,&nbsp;Guillermo J Ruiz-Argüelles","doi":"10.24875/RIC.21000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.21000206","url":null,"abstract":"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been given to persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) for over 20 years, and more than 3000 HSCTs have been done worldwide1,2. Transplant-related mortality in MS managed with HSCT, was considered a limiting factor but has decreased to < 2%2.","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tocilizumab in Mortality among Patients with Severe and Critical Covid-19: Experience in a Third-Level Medical Center.","authors":"Bernardo A Martínez-Guerra,&nbsp;Nereyda A de-León-Cividanes,&nbsp;Karla M Tamez-Torres,&nbsp;Carla M Román-Montes,&nbsp;Sandra Rajme-López,&nbsp;Edgar Ortiz-Brizuela,&nbsp;Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas,&nbsp;Juan Sierra-Madero,&nbsp;José Sifuentes-Osornio,&nbsp;Alfredo Ponce-de-León,&nbsp;María F González-Lara","doi":"10.24875/RIC.21000404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.21000404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trials evaluating safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) show contradictory results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of tocilizumab in hospital mortality among patients with severe COVID-19 in a third-level medical center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Primary outcome was death during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), days on IMV, ventilator-free days (VFDs), length of hospital stay (LOS), and development of hospitalacquired infections (HAIs). Bivariate, multivariate, and propensity score matching analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 99/794 (12%) patients received tocilizumab. Male patients, health care workers, and patients with increased inflammatory markers received tocilizumab more frequently. No difference in hospital mortality was observed between groups (34% vs. 34%, p = 0.98). Tocilizumab was not independently associated with mortality. No significant treatment effects were observed in propensity score analysis. IMV was more frequent (46% vs. 11%, p < 0.01) and LOS was longer (12 vs. 7 days, p < 0.01) in the tocilizumab group, reflecting increased severity. Although HAIs were more frequent in the tocilizumab group (22% vs. 10%, p < 0.01), no difference was seen after adjusting for IMV (38% vs. 40%, p = 0.86).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, tocilizumab was not associated with decreased hospital mortality among patients with severe COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"74 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39517946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital Arrival and Functional Outcome after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.","authors":"José L Ruiz-Sandoval,&nbsp;Javier Aceves-Montoya,&nbsp;Erwin Chiquete,&nbsp;Germán López-Valencia,&nbsp;Alejandro Lara-López,&nbsp;Manuel Sánchez-González,&nbsp;Amado Jiménez-Ruiz,&nbsp;Fernando Barinagarrementería,&nbsp;Luis Murillo-Bonilla,&nbsp;Antonio Arauz-Góngora,&nbsp;Fernando Daniel Flores-Silva,&nbsp;Carlos Cantú-Brito","doi":"10.24875/RIC.21000471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.21000471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with an ominous outcome influenced by the time to hospital presentation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to identify the factors that influence an early hospital arrival after ICH and the relationship with outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this multicenter registry, patients with confirmed ICH on CT scan and well-known time of symptoms onset were studied. Clinical data, arrival conditions, and prognostic scores were analyzed. Multivariate models were built to find independent predictors of < 6 h arrival (logistic regression) and in-hospital death (Cox proportional-hazards model).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 473 patients analyzed (51% women, median age 63 years), the median delay since onset to admission was 6.25 h (interquartile range: 2.5-24 h); 7.8% arrived in < 1 h, 26.3% in < 3 h, 45.3% in < 6 h, and 62.3% in < 12 h. The in-hospital, 30-day and 90-day case fatality rates were 28.8%, 30.0%, and 32.6%, respectively. Predictors of arrival in < 6 h were hypertension treatment (odds ratios [OR]: 1.675, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.030-2.724), ≥ 3 years of schooling (OR: 1.804, 95% CI: 1.055-3.084), and seizures at ICH onset (OR: 2.416, 95% CI: 1.068-5.465). Predictors of death (56.9% neurological) were systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg (hazards ratios [HR]: 1.839, 95% CI: 1.031-3.281), ICH score ≥ 3 (HR: 2.302, 95% CI: 1.300-4.074), and admission Glasgow Coma Scale < 8 (HR: 4.497, 95% CI: 2.466-8.199). Early arrival was not associated with outcome at discharge, 30 or 90 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, less than half of patients with ICH arrived to the hospital in < 6 h. However, early arrival was not associated with the short-term outcome in this data set.</p>","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"74 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39771385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma: Experience from a Canadian Center.","authors":"Victor H Jimenez-Zepeda,&nbsp;Patrick Yau,&nbsp;Douglas Stewart,&nbsp;Jowher Berhan,&nbsp;Carole Chambers,&nbsp;Holly Lee,&nbsp;Jason Tay,&nbsp;Peter Duggan,&nbsp;Sylvia McCulloch,&nbsp;Paola Neri,&nbsp;Nizar Bahlis","doi":"10.24875/RIC.21000347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.21000347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of coronavirus disease-19 on the management of multiple myeloma (MM) has been recognized. However, the real effect on clinical outcomes remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We describe a local experience of the management of MM patients and report their outcomes during the current pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All consecutive symptomatic MM patients seen at our center since 03/20 were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A cohort of 156 patients diagnosed from 01/19 to 12/20 was analyzed to interrogate differences in presentation patterns. A total of 553 MM patients were seen and/or treated at Tom Baker Cancer Center in the year of 2020. From those, 47.1% (n = 261) were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sixteen patients tested positive and data are presented. In addition, a decrease of 21.7% in the rate of new smoldering MM/MM diagnosis was observed in 2020 as compared to 2019. Further, an increase in deaths was also observed in 2020.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study confirms an increase lethality for MM patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. A balance between safety and need for cancer control should be emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"74 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39394953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening Anti-inflammatory, Anticoagulant, and Respiratory Agents for SARS-CoV-2 3CL^pro Inhibition from Chemical Fingerprints Through a Deep Learning Approach.","authors":"Elena Caires Silveira","doi":"10.24875/RIC.21000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.21000282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggers a pathophysiological process linked not only to viral mechanisms of infectivity, but also to the pattern of host response. Drug repurposing is a promising strategy for rapid identification of treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and several attractive molecular viral targets can be exploited. Among those, 3CL protease is a potential target of great interest.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to screen potential 3CLpro inhibitors compounds based on chemical fingerprints among anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and respiratory system agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The screening was developed based on a drug property prediction framework, in which the evaluated property was the ability to inhibit the activity of the 3CLpro protein, and the predictions were performed using a dense neural network trained and validated on bioassay data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the validation and test set, the model obtained area under the curve values of 98.2 and 76.3, respectively, demonstrating high specificity for both sets (98.5% and 94.7%). Regarding the 1278 compounds screened, the model indicated four anti-inflammatory agents, two anticoagulants, and one respiratory agent as potential 3CLpro inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Those findings point to a possible desirable synergistic effect in the management of patients with COVID-19 and provide potential directions for in vitro and in vivo research, which are indispensable for the validation of their results.</p>","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"74 1","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39395388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation to Moderate Altitude Hypoxemia: The Example of the Valley of Mexico.","authors":"José R Pérez-Padilla","doi":"10.24875/RIC.21000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/RIC.21000159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large world population resides at moderate altitude. In the Valley of Mexico (2,240 m above sea level), its inhabitants, breathe approximately 29% more on average and have 10% increased hemoglobin concentrations compared to sea level residents, among other differences. These compensations reduce but not eliminate the impact of altitude hypoxemia. The objective of the manuscript is to review and describe the information available on health and disease at moderate altitudes, mainly with data in Spanish language from Latin-American countries. Young adults in Mexico City have an SaO2 between 92% and 94% versus 97% at sea level, frequently decreasing below 90% during sleep and intense exercise. It is likely that among the population living at this altitude, lung growth, and development during pregnancy and infancy are enhanced, and that after residing for several tens of thousands of years, more important adaptations in oxygen transport and utilization have developed, but we are not certain about it. For patients with respiratory diseases, residing at moderate altitudes implies increased hypoxemia and clinical deterioration, unless supplementary oxygen is prescribed or patients move to sea level. Hyperventilation increases exposure of residents to air pollutants compared to those living in cities with similar concentrations of pollutants, although at sea level. Humans evolved at sea level and lack the best-known adaptations to reside at moderate or high altitudes. Residents of moderate altitudes breathe deeply the city´s air with all its pollutants, and more often require supplementary oxygen.</p>","PeriodicalId":49612,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Investigacion Clinica-Clinical and Translational Investigation","volume":"74 1","pages":"4-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39396855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}