Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties最新文献_第9页

The implications of climate change for Veterinary Services. 气候变化对兽医服务的影响。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3234

C Stephen, C Soos

引用次数: 6

Current and future trade in livestock products. 畜产品的当前和未来贸易。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3232

D Enahoro, S Bahta, C Mensah, S Oloo, K M Rich

{"title":"Current and future trade in livestock products.","authors":"D Enahoro, S Bahta, C Mensah, S Oloo, K M Rich","doi":"10.20506/rst.40.2.3232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.40.2.3232","url":null,"abstract":"Rising per capita consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation, particularly in developing countries, have been driving an increased global demand for food. These changing socio-economic trends, which have greatly influenced changes in dietary patterns globally and, more specifically, have increased consumption of livestock products in developing countries, are expected to endure and to place new pressures on livestock-sector infrastructure and the delivery of veterinary services. This paper summarises current trade in meat and presents plausible projections for the future. It highlights the impact of animal disease on trade and considers the effect of ongoing disease outbreaks, particularly the outbreaks of African swine fever and COVID-19, on current and future trade dynamics. The authors analysed published statistics on the demand for, and international trade in, livestock products at national and regional levels and made projections of the same up to 2050, generated from an integrated model of the global agricultural and food system. The resulting analyses identified patterns of trade consistent with growing populations, increasing incomes and changing diets in developing countries. The analyses also pointed to slow expansion of livestock production, and the impacts of countries' disease status on livestock trade. For most of the livestock products analysed, economic model projections indicate increased consolidation of production and exports among a few countries. Marked increases in the trade in livestock products suggest a changing role for Veterinary Services in facilitating trade and extension in the years to come.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39434413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The importance of animal welfare and Veterinary Services in a changing world. 动物福利和兽医服务在不断变化的世界中的重要性。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3238

R E Doyle, B Wieland, K Saville, D Grace, A J D Campbell

{"title":"The importance of animal welfare and Veterinary Services in a changing world.","authors":"R E Doyle, B Wieland, K Saville, D Grace, A J D Campbell","doi":"10.20506/rst.40.2.3238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.40.2.3238","url":null,"abstract":"Animal welfare is an essential component of the future of sustainable agriculture and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There is growing global recognition of the importance of animal welfare, which must always be considered as part of the decision-making around food and nutrition security. Veterinary Services, encompassing public and private veterinarians and para-veterinarians, are custodians of animal welfare and key players in future actions to improve it. The welfare of animals is everyone's responsibility, from the individual farmer and practitioner to policymakers at the national and intergovernmental level. In this paper, after providing background information about current animal welfare issues and identifying animal welfare risks, the authors make a number of recommendations for action at the institutional and individual level. They do so because while the former is essential to generate change at scale and effective resourcing, the latter can create immediate action at a local level and drive change from the ground up. Without coordinated action from Veterinary Services, opportunities to improve animal welfare, alongside human and environmental health and well-being, may very well be lost, and animal welfare may fail to improve or even be at risk of decline.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39432462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Introduction - Veterinary Services in a changing world: climate change and other external factors. 导言 - 变化世界中的兽医服务：气候变化和其他外部因素。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3230

D Grace, H S Lee, J Smith

引用次数: 0

Epidemic disease risks and implications for Veterinary Services. 流行病风险及其对兽医服务的影响。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3240

C C Jost, C Machalaba, W B Karesh, J J Mcdermott, D Beltran-Alcrudo, B Bett, D Tago, K Wongsathapornchai, L Plee, M S Dhingra, D U Pfeiffer

{"title":"Epidemic disease risks and implications for Veterinary Services.","authors":"C C Jost, C Machalaba, W B Karesh, J J Mcdermott, D Beltran-Alcrudo, B Bett, D Tago, K Wongsathapornchai, L Plee, M S Dhingra, D U Pfeiffer","doi":"10.20506/rst.40.2.3240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.40.2.3240","url":null,"abstract":"Growth in the livestock sector is associated with heightened risk for epidemic diseases. The increasing spillover of new diseases from wildlife is being driven by wide-scale anthropogenic changes allowing for more frequent and closer wildlife-human and wildlife-livestock contacts. An increasing number of epidemics in livestock are associated with rapid transition of livestock systems from extensive to intensive, and local to global movement of livestock and their products through value chain networks with weak biosecurity. Major livestock epidemics in the past two decades have had substantial economic impacts, and the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the devastating socio-economic consequences that spillovers can have when not identified and controlled early in the process of emergence. This highlights the importance of Veterinary Services to integrated, whole-of-society efforts to control infectious diseases in animals. Emphasis within Veterinary Services must be placed on prevention and preparedness. The authors suggest four areas for continued improvement in Veterinary Services to meet this challenge. These are a) continued development of staff capacity for risk assessment and value chain analysis, together with improved policies and communication, b) appropriate adaptation of approaches to prevention and control in resource-poor settings, c) improved multi-sectoral and transboundary cooperation, which enables the sharing of resources and expertise, and d) systematic approaches that enable Veterinary Services to influence decisionmaking for trade, markets, business, public health, and livelihood development at the national and regional levels.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39432461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

How can we realise the full potential of animal health systems for delivering development and health outcomes? 我们如何才能充分发挥动物卫生系统在实现发展和卫生成果方面的潜力?

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3239

H Auty, E Swai, J Virhia, A Davis, W A De Glanville, T Kibona, F Lankester, G Shirima, S Cleaveland

{"title":"How can we realise the full potential of animal health systems for delivering development and health outcomes?","authors":"H Auty, E Swai, J Virhia, A Davis, W A De Glanville, T Kibona, F Lankester, G Shirima, S Cleaveland","doi":"10.20506/rst.40.2.3239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.40.2.3239","url":null,"abstract":"Animal health services play an essential role in supporting livestock production, with the potential to address the challenges of hunger, poverty, health, social justice and environmental health as part of the path towards the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) defined in the United Nations, 2030 Agenda. However, the provision of animal health services remains chronically underfunded. Although the aspiration that â€˜no one will be left behind' is core to the SDG agenda, animal health service provision still fails to meet the basic needs of many of the poorest livestock owners. This review draws largely on experience from Tanzania and highlights the obstacles to equitable provision of animal health services, as well as identifying opportunities for improvement. Delivery models that rely on owners paying for services, whether through the private sector or public?private partnerships, can be effective for diseases that are of clear economic importance to animal keepers, particularly in more market-orientated production systems, but are currently constrained by issues of access, affordability, availability and quality. Substantial challenges remain when attempting to control diseases that exert a major burden on animal or human health but are less well recognised, as well as in the delivery of veterinary public health or other public good interventions. Here, the authors propose solutions that focus on: improving awareness of the potential for animal health services to address the SDGs, particularly those concerning public and environmental health; linking this more explicitly with advocacy for increased investment; ensuring that the voices of stakeholders are heard, particularly those of the rural poor; and embracing a cross-cutting and expanded vision for animal health services to support more adaptive development of livestock systems.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39432463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Planetary boundaries and Veterinary Services. 地球边界和兽医服务。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3236

R G Alders, M V Chadag, N C Debnath, M Howden, F Meza, M A Schipp, E S Swai, K Wingett

{"title":"Planetary boundaries and Veterinary Services.","authors":"R G Alders, M V Chadag, N C Debnath, M Howden, F Meza, M A Schipp, E S Swai, K Wingett","doi":"10.20506/rst.40.2.3236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.40.2.3236","url":null,"abstract":"National Veterinary Services (NVS) play a crucial role in animal health, production and welfare. They are also intimately involved with safeguarding global health security and the health of the planet. Climate change is just one of the nine planetary boundaries (PBs), i.e. Earth system processes, that can be used to monitor the vital signs of our living planet. In this paper, the authors identify the positive and negative impacts of humaninduced management of aquatic and terrestrial animals in relation to these PBs. In the context of NVS, the authors provide an overview of the real and potential impacts of NVS policies on Earth systems and offer suggestions as to how new sustainability paradigms may assist with reviewing and revising NVS mandates and facilitating stakeholder engagement. Opportunities are proposed for the World Organisation for Animal Health to contribute to the global debate on the role of aquatic and terrestrial animal agriculture and wildlife in sustainable development. In addition, the paper suggests that a wider debate is required in relation to recent significant increases in domestic animal populations and PBs. Intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration are required to achieve the transformation of the framework in which NVS operate. While such transformations cannot be driven by the veterinary profession alone, veterinarians have proven very effective operators in the One Health arena. By building on these intersectoral linkages, it will be possible for our profession and NVS to actively contribute to the crucial discussions and transformations required to pull Earth system metrics back within safe boundaries.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39432465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Preface. 前言。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3229

M Eloit

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic likelihood ratio - the next-generation of diagnostic test accuracy measurement. 诊断似然比-下一代诊断测试准确度测量。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.1.3226

C G B Caraguel, A Colling

{"title":"Diagnostic likelihood ratio - the next-generation of diagnostic test accuracy measurement.","authors":"C G B Caraguel, A Colling","doi":"10.20506/rst.40.1.3226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.40.1.3226","url":null,"abstract":"To select, interpret, and assess the fitness-for-purpose of diagnostic tests, we need to compare the likelihoods of test results being true vs. false across both infected and non-infected individuals. Diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) report the accuracy of classification in infected and non-infected individuals separately and do not compare these likelihoods directly. Positive and negative predictive values combine these likelihoods, but they also heavily depend on the prevalence in the tested populations and, therefore, cannot be generalised. We propose the adoption of the diagnostic likelihood ratio (LR), which balances the likelihoods of true vs. false results and is population independent. As a relative measure, LR ignores the absolute accuracy of tests, and two tests with different accuracy profiles may have the same LR. This can be easily mitigated by using listed complementary measures of accuracy, including DSe and DSp, or ancillary selection criteria. Overall, LR is a more relevant and universal measure of diagnostic test accuracy, which makes it the logical next-generation measure to adopt. We illustrate the applications and benefits of LR using three assays certified by the World Organisation for Animal Health as serological tests for bovine tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39242390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Bayesian latent class analysis when the reference test is imperfect. 参考检验不完善时的贝叶斯潜类分析。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.1.3224

A Cheung, S Dufour, G Jones, P Kostoulas, M A Stevenson, N B Singanallur, S M Firestone

{"title":"Bayesian latent class analysis when the reference test is imperfect.","authors":"A Cheung, S Dufour, G Jones, P Kostoulas, M A Stevenson, N B Singanallur, S M Firestone","doi":"10.20506/rst.40.1.3224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.40.1.3224","url":null,"abstract":"Latent class analysis (LCA) has allowed epidemiologists to overcome the practical constraints faced by traditional diagnostic test evaluation methods, which require both a gold standard diagnostic test and ample numbers of appropriate reference samples. Over the past four decades, LCA methods have expanded to allow epidemiologists to evaluate diagnostic tests and estimate true prevalence using imperfect tests over a variety of complex data structures and scenarios, including during the emergence of novel infectious diseases. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments in LCA methods, as well as a practical guide to applying Bayesian LCA (BLCA) to the evaluation of diagnostic tests. Before conducting a BLCA, the suitability of BLCA for the pathogen of interest, the availability of appropriate samples, the number of diagnostic tests, and the structure of the data should be carefully considered. While formulating the model, the model's structure and specification of informative priors will affect the likelihood that useful inferences can be drawn. With the growing need for advanced analytical methods to evaluate diagnostic tests for newly emerging diseases, LCA is a promising field of research for both the veterinary and medical disciplines.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39242391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29